472 research outputs found

    Neuropathological findings and staging in dementia

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    Dementia is a clinical syndrome with the development of impairment in multiple cognitive functions (including memory), severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living, as the main symptom. There are a large number of disorders that can lead to dementia, and neuropathological examination after death is necessary to determine the underlying cause with certainty. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate neuropathological findings in patients with dementia and neuropathological staging of dementia disorders, the main potential gain being increased epidemiological knowledge and improved neuropathological dementia diagnostics. We could confirm the generally accepted opinion that on a neuropathological basis, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia disorder, followed by vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed AD+VaD. Also, in a significant number of patients, the clinical dementia subtype diagnosis does not correspond with the neuropathological findings. Furthermore, degeneration of the nucleus locus coeruleus, often seen already macroscopically, generally indicates the diagnoses Lewy body disease (LBD) or AD among the demented, while a preserved locus coeruleus occurs mainly in VaD and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Moreover, various neuropathological staging systems for AD differ in procedure and targeted pathology, and the choice of system affects the judgement of Alzheimer pathology and hence the final diagnosis. Also, various neuropathological LBD staging systems differ in applicability and to some extent in the judgment of Lewy-related pathology

    Standardized toolchain and model development for video quality assessment: the mission of the joint effort group in VQEG

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    International audienceSince 1997, the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) has been active in the field of subjective and objective video quality assessment. The group has validated competitive quality metrics throughout several projects. Each of these projects requires mandatory actions such as creating a testplan and obtaining databases consisting of degraded video sequences with corresponding subjective quality ratings. Recently, VQEG started a new open initiative, the Joint Effort Group (JEG), for encouraging joint collaboration on all mandatory actions needed to validate video quality metrics. Within the JEG, effort is made to advance the field of both subjective and objective video quality measurement by providing proper software tools and subjective databases to the community. One of the subprojects of the JEG is the joint development of a hybrid H.264/AVC objective quality metric. In this paper, we introduce the JEG and provide an overview of the different ongoing activities within this newly started group

    Ägare och kapital : klass och genus hos kapitalĂ€gare i Sverige 1918-1939

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    "Owners and capital. Class and gender among capital owners in Sweden 1918-1939" The thesis examines practices of gender and class among capital owners in Sweden during the period 1918-1939, through the analysis of two of the most powerful families of the time: Broström and Wehtje. The theoretical frame is an attempt to develop an intersectional perspective through the combination of several theoretical perspectives: Eric Olin Wright's model of class analysis; Pierre BourdieuÂŽs concept of social and cultural capital, Raewyn ConnellÂŽs understanding of gender and hegemonic masculinity and Robert Miles analysis of racism through the term racialisation. The empirical material is a qualitative text analysis based on personal/private letters and business correspondence. Four relevant outcomes have been identified. The first one point to the difficulties in defining class on the basis of cultural criteria due to the variation in cultural practices among capital owners, which make the group appear as elusive and contradictory. Instead, the thesis argues for a distinction between class as position, which in line with Wright’s model is defined by the relation to the means of production, and class as a practice, which is examined on the basis of Bourdieu's metaphor of cultural and social capital. The second highlights variations in the practices of masculinity visible in the empirical material, variations that confirms Demetriakis Demetrious’ expansion of the concept of hegemonic masculinity toward the notion of a hegemonic block. The third illuminates the concept of moral economy as a means to analyse the contradictory norms that shaped and regulated the capital ownerÂŽs economic behaviour. The study also analyses the emotional regime expressed in the ways through which the capital owners studied relate to key topics as technology and management, and emphasises how norms and emotions influence economic decisions. Finally, some women within these families had, despite their subordinated position, an arena for agency and relative autonomy

    Stureholm

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    Stureholm Manor and garden is a relatively young farming unit on clay soil in the north western part of SkĂ„ne, a province in Southern Sweden. Since the middle of the 19th century the landscape has been actively cultivated and has been transformed from oak forrest into farmingland of high efficiency. The industrial era during the 19th and 20th centuries meant new posssibilites for cultivation of these clay soils. With equipment like steam ploughs and the possibility to obtain fertilizers, the harvest increased considerably. This increased prosperity provided estate Stureholm with a beatuiful corps de logi, a manor. The trends prevailing in Europe around the turn of the century 1800-1900 against the growing industrialism, was turned into a artisan movement known as Arts and Craft. The Swedish followers idealized our Swedish history and they took the turn of a national romantic movement that later turned into neoclassicism. The neoclassical movements had strong support among Swedish garden architects such as the Crown Princess Margareta and Rudolf Abelin among others. They have both founded their own renowned gardens in SkĂ„ne, Sofiero in Helsingborg and Norrviken in BĂ„stad, both excellent examples of neoclassicism. National romantic features are demonstrated at Stureholm Manor and gardens with it's pergola. Two productive personalites from Helsingborg, architect Ola Andersson and the town gardenarchitect Oscar Landsberg were employed to actualize the dreams of a paradise that Sture and Alice Brunnström wished to create at Stureholm. Their Manor was completed 1912 and in 1918 the formal garden with its pergola was laid out. The garden of the Manor should not only be for pleasure. Very early on big plans were made for fruit orchards and a greenhouse. Hazelbushes were planted, beds for asparagus dug. A peachhouse, garden beds for growing vegetables and berrys were all needed along with somewhere to grow annuals (summerflowers). It was quite a large garden and to make it all possible a headgardener was employed. His responsibility being to manage and maintain the garden and to secure harvest for the Manors family and their guests all the months of the year, may it be fruit or flowers. Not only a productive garden but a garden for enjoyment for both the family, their children and of course their many guests, has been undergoing many natural changes during the almost one hundred years that have now passed. The garden that originally was laid out is still there but much of it's original living material has not survived our Swedish climat. The gardens formal architecture, the pergola, needs to be restored. Descisions for the future have been taken and a general plan has been drafted, which also include plans that should give the garden a renewed beauty. Other plans also include major developments for the estate, since pigglet production stopped in 2002. Since a few of decades ago the Manor regretfully no longer employs a headgardener. The orchard with apple- and peartrees has became overaged and most of the trees are now gone. Subsequently the buildings are also in need of restoration. The old orchards are now history and in their place an arboretum is in the planning. Hopefully like an english landscape park with paths crossing through the lawn, new sightlines and new places to sit, this hopefully will give more opportunity to enjoy the garden, the park and the arcitechture, that already so well interacts with the old oak forest. Knowledge about the farm, the Manor and it's gardenhistory, combined with my own studies in gardenhistory and practical gardening has had some influence of how this work of exams had developped into a report that tells the story and history of Stureholms Manor and garden. A historical documentation has been the main goal in this work of exams but it has also resulted in a new way to manage and maintain the garden. Most of the historic material has been retrieved from the Manor archive. Through litteraturestudies many answers and suggestions have been confirmed, like pieces in a puzzle completing the historical puzzle. The knowledge from eyewitneses among some important persons has been revealed through interviews and photos from family albums, both from historic and present time. To make it possible to understand the aim with future develop- and management a scheme has been drawn up by a student of landscape architechture and has been included in this work of exams and completed with guidelines for future measures and management. The guidelines are based on my own observations and knowhow that I have achieved through studies and courses in landscape- and gardenmanagement. The economic possiblitys to maintain the Manor garden with todays agricultural politics is even harder now than one hundred years ago. Today it's no longer possible to have a headgardener on staff, maybe it wasn't even in the early days. Todays salarys and taxes for both the employeer and the employĂ©e are insuperable. This means some new and creative solutions need to comeforth in order to keep a garden of such well maintained. International trends of today and especially in England have put focus on garden as an artform which have resulted in an increased interest for gardens and especially for historic gardens. An english organisation, the National Trust, take care of historic gardens and landscapes with especially rare and vulnerable nature among other things. These areas are often made into public places and the maintenance is conducted by both employees and voluntarians. In Sweden we have no organisation like the National Trust (that is independent of government), RiksantikvarieĂ€mbetet and LĂ€nsstyrelserna are responsible for the maintenance of items and areas of special historic values, classified by the law KML (Kulturminneslagen). This report also includes ideas of changing forms and new forms in parts of the garden and the farmarea, ideas that might lead to new directions for both the buildings on the farm and in the garden. Mainly this report contains facts about the Manor and the gardens coming into being and which influenses Rudolf Abelin and his plans for the Manor garden as an idea, has had. A history which is important not to overlook when ideas of developing and future changes are discussed and planned. As a support for future decisions about priority of maintenance and changes this work also includes an overall illustrated plan of maintenance areas, dividied into smaller areas. Within each small area suggested ideas of new forms or changes have been considered and made into guidelines for coming measures and goals for maintenance. To maintain the garden at present status demands a family with a large interest in gardening. But to restore and conserve it to it's original demands great economic effort. The measures that's needed to conserve the garden architecture, the pergola, the sunken lawns, the hedges of beech and redoak, the forest of descidious trees, are highly prioritized. It is a project of high costs that could be done during a longer period of time without economic support, but with support from the government it might be possible to conserve the garden more rapidly and it's surroundings could be an area for more public recreation.Stureholms gĂ„rd och trĂ€dgĂ„rd Ă€r en relativt ung gĂ„rdsenhet pĂ„ den nordvĂ€stskĂ„nska lerjorden. Sedan mitten av 1800-talet har landskapet aktivt bearbetats och genomgĂ„tt en förvandling frĂ„n ekskog till ett högeffektivt jordbrukslandskap. Industrialismen under 1800- och 1900-talet medförde nya möjligheter att bruka dessa lerjordar. Med redskap som Ă„ngplogar och möjligheter att köpa handelsgödsel kunde skördarna ökas betydligt. Ett vĂ€lstĂ„nd som bidrog till att gĂ„rden Stureholm kunde förses med ett vackert corps de logi, en borg. De strömningar som rĂ„dde i Europa vid tiden kring sekelskiftet 1900 som protest mot industrialismen, formades till en hantverksrörelse, kĂ€nd som Arts- and Craftsrörelsen. Dess svenska anhĂ€ngare vurmade för vĂ„r svenska historia och strömningen kom i Sverige att kallas för nationalromantisk och den övergick senare i nyklassicism. De nyklassiska strömningarna, hade starka föresprĂ„kare bland svenska trĂ€dgĂ„rdsarkitekter, Kronprinsessan Margareta och Rudolf Abelin Ă€r nĂ„gra av dem. De har bĂ„da anlagt egna praktfulla trĂ€dgĂ„rdar i SkĂ„ne, Sofiero i Helsingborg och Norrviken i BĂ„stad, bĂ„da utmĂ€rkta exempel pĂ„ nyklassicism. De nationalromantiska dragen Ă€r nĂ„got som ocksĂ„ har avspeglats i Stureholms borg och trĂ€dgĂ„rd med sin pergola. TvĂ„ produktiva Helsingborgspersonligheter, arkitekt Ola Andersson och stadstrĂ€dgĂ„rdsmĂ€stare Oscar Landsberg, Ă€r mĂ€nnen som anlitades för att rita de drömmar om ett paradis som Sture och Alice Brunnström ville förverkliga pĂ„ Stureholm. År 1912 stod deras bostad fĂ€rdig och Ă„r 1918 var den formella trĂ€dgĂ„rden, pergolan, anlagd. HerrgĂ„rdstrĂ€dgĂ„rden skulle dock inte bara vara till nöje. Redan tidigt hade man planerat för fruktodlingar, vĂ€xthus, hassellundar, sparrisbĂ€ddar, persikohus, trĂ€dgĂ„rdsland och sommarblomster. Det var mycket trĂ€dgĂ„rden skulle bjuda pĂ„ och för att klara detta anstĂ€lldes en trĂ€dgĂ„rdsmĂ€stare som var ansvarig för att det Ă„ret runt fanns nĂ„got trĂ€dgĂ„rden kunde bjuda. En trĂ€dgĂ„rd Ă€ven till nöje, med plats för lek, avsedd för bĂ„de familjens vuxna och barn, och mĂ„nga gĂ€ster, har under Ă„rens lopp förĂ€ndrats. Den trĂ€dgĂ„rd som ursprungligen anlades finns kvar, men det förĂ€nderliga vĂ€xtmaterialet har inte uthĂ€rdat svenska klimatförhĂ„llanden. TrĂ€dgĂ„rdens stomme, pergolan, behöver restaureras och för att kunna göra rĂ€tt val inför och i framtiden, har ett gestaltningsförslag tagits fram som Ă€ven innefattar ett förskönande av gĂ„rden. Även gĂ„rdens verksamhet har förĂ€ndrats under Ă„rens gĂ„ng, bland annat har djurproduktionen upphört i stallarna frĂ„n Ă„r 2002. Sedan ett antal decennier har trĂ€dgĂ„rden inte heller nĂ„gon anstĂ€lld trĂ€dgĂ„rdsmĂ€stare, Ă€ppleoch pĂ€rontrĂ€d har blivit för gamla och trĂ€dgĂ„rdens byggnader Ă€r i behov av renovering. De gamla fruktodlingarna skall gĂ„ ett nytt liv till mötes men nu Ă€r det planerat att bli ett arboretum, en trĂ€dsamling, likt en engelsk park med klippta gĂ„ngar i grĂ€set. Med nya siktlinjer och nya platser att sitta ned för att njuta av trĂ€dgĂ„rden, park och av den arkitektur som kunde förena sig sĂ„ vĂ€l med platsens ekskog. Kunskap om gĂ„rdens och trĂ€dgĂ„rdens historia kombinerat med studier i trĂ€dgĂ„rdshistoria och trĂ€dgĂ„rdars skötsel har för detta arbete inneburit att en historia om hur landskapet och Stureholms gĂ„rdsenhet med trĂ€dgĂ„rd kommit till har kunnat nedtecknas. En historisk dokumentation har varit ett huvudsyfte i detta arbete men det Ă€r ocksĂ„ ett arbete som innebĂ€r ett nytt förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt till trĂ€dgĂ„rden. Skall den vara till bĂ„de nytta och nöje Ă€ven idag? Det historiska materialet har Ă„terfunnits i framförallt det egna gĂ„rdsarkivet men Ă€ven litteraturen har gett stöd och svar som kunnat lĂ€ggas som pusselbitar till det historiska pusslet. Den ögonvittneskunskap som finns hos en del nyckelpersoner har framkommit genom intervjuer och genom fotodokumentation, bĂ„de i historisk tid och nutid. För att förstĂ„ mĂ„lsĂ€ttningen med framtida utvecklings- och skötselplaner har en plan över trĂ€dgĂ„rden tagits fram med hjĂ€lp av en landskapsarkitektstudent. Den framtagna planen har i detta arbete kompletterats med riktlinjer för framtida Ă„tgĂ€rder och skötsel. Riktlinjerna baserar sig pĂ„ egna observationer och kunskaper inhĂ€mtade genom studier i Ă€mnet landskaps- och trĂ€dgĂ„rdsteknik. Med de ekonomiska möjligheter som ges med dagens jordbrukspolitik kĂ€nns svĂ„ngremmen betydligt hĂ„rdare för trĂ€dgĂ„rdens skötsel Ă€n vad den föreföll vara för etthundra Ă„r sedan. Idag Ă€r det inte möjligt att förse en trĂ€dgĂ„rdsmĂ€stare med en Ă„rslön för att sköta trĂ€dgĂ„rden. Det var det kanske inte heller i begynnelsen men med dagens löneansprĂ„k och omkostnader för bĂ„de anstĂ€lld och företagare Ă€r det omöjligt. Det vill till andra kreativa lösningar fĂ„r att hĂ„lla en herrgĂ„rdstrĂ€dgĂ„rd vĂ€lskött. De trender som finns internationellt, framförallt i England, dĂ€r trĂ€dgĂ„rdskonsten Ă€r upphöjd till en konstart har medför ett ökat intresse för trĂ€dgĂ„rdar och framförallt för historiska sĂ„dana. The National Trust Ă€r en stiftelse som tar över och ibland köper trĂ€dgĂ„rdar och annan skyddsvĂ€rd natur. Dessa omrĂ„den blir oftast sedan till publika platser pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt och skötseln kan ofta utföras av dels anstĂ€llda men ofta Ă€r den ocksĂ„ baserad pĂ„ volontĂ€rverksamhet. I Sverige finns inget liknande, det Ă€r RiksantikvarieĂ€mbetet och LĂ€nsstyrelserna som hanterar Ă€renden om att skydda kulturhistoriska vĂ€rden enligt KML (Kulturminneslagen). Detta arbete innehĂ„ller gestaltning av idĂ©er som kan ge Stureholms gĂ„rd och trĂ€dgĂ„rd en grund för andra verksamhetsgrenar Ă€n enbart jordbruket men framförallt innehĂ„ller det fakta om hur gĂ„rden och trĂ€dgĂ„rden har uppkommit och pĂ„verkan av Rudolf Abelins tankar om herrgĂ„rdstrĂ€dgĂ„rden som idĂ©. En historia som inte fĂ„r förbises nĂ€r nya tankar och andra verksamhetsgrenar blir aktuella att diskutera. För att vara ett stöd för framtida beslut om prioritering av skötsel och Ă„tgĂ€rder finns i detta arbete en översikt över hela gĂ„rdsenheten som ett skötselomrĂ„de, uppdelat i delomrĂ„den. Inom varje delomrĂ„de har de idĂ©er som formulerats och gestaltats beaktats och prioriterats i riktlinjer för Ă„tgĂ€rder och skötselmĂ„l. För att sköta trĂ€dgĂ„rden i det skick den nu Ă€r krĂ€vs det en trĂ€dgĂ„rdsintresserad familj men för att restaurera och bevara trĂ€dgĂ„rden i det skick som den ursprungligen var tĂ€nkt krĂ€vs en större ekonomisk insats. De Ă„tgĂ€rder som behövs för att bevara trĂ€dgĂ„rdens stomme, pergolan och de nedsĂ€nkta grĂ€smattorna, hĂ€ckarna av bok och rödek och inte minst Ă€dellövskogen, kĂ€nns angelĂ€gna att genomföra. Det Ă€r kostsamt och kommer troligen att kunna genomföras pĂ„ sikt Ă€ven utan hjĂ€lp. Med hjĂ€lp frĂ„n intresserade myndigheter kan det ske i ett snabbare tempo och trĂ€dgĂ„rden med omgivande park och viltskog kan bli ett omrĂ„de som ocksĂ„ kan fĂ„ komma en intresserad allmĂ€nhet till del

    Stureholms myllrande vÄtmark under 250 Är

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    Vatten, en förutsĂ€ttning för livet pĂ„ jorden. För att kunna odla jorden krĂ€vs vatten bĂ„de i form av nederbörd och vĂ€xttillgĂ€ngligt vatten. Alltför stor okontrollerbar tillgĂ„ng till vatten kan skapa odlingsproblem pĂ„ Ă„kermark, i skog samt i trĂ€dgĂ„rd och park. FĂ„ vĂ€xter klarar lĂ€ngre perioder av översvĂ€mning, de flesta riskerar att dö av bristen pĂ„ syre. Alltsedan antikens dagar har mĂ€nniskan med smĂ„ medel reglerat sitt vattenbehov. I takt med en vĂ€xande befolkning har behovet av mark för odling ökat. Med statliga medel började man i Sverige ta vĂ„ta marker och sjöar i ansprĂ„k genom torrlĂ€ggning och nyodling. Alla marker visade sig i lĂ€ngden inte vara lĂ€mpliga för odling och behovet att avleda vatten genom olika former av dikning tilltog under 1800-talet. Den agrara revolutionen under 1800-talet accelererade och pĂ„verkan pĂ„ vattnets vĂ€gar tilltog. Ett förut relativt fuktigt och kĂ€rrtĂ€ckt landskap i nordvĂ€stra SkĂ„ne, dĂ€r denna fallstudie utförs, utvecklades till ett landskap genomkorsat av öppna diken. Genom att tĂ€cka diken och lĂ€gga drĂ€neringsrör i kulvert kunde de tidigare smĂ„ skiftena mark utvecklas till de stora odlingsfĂ€lt vi idag ser. Efterhand som de nedgrĂ€vda drĂ€neringssystemen har förĂ„ldrats har de i de flesta fall ersatts av moderna plastmaterial. Genom Sveriges EU-intrĂ€de 1995 fick vi en ny jordbrukspolitik kallad OmstĂ€llning -90. Under en period i slutet av 1900-talet infördes trĂ€desbidrag för att lĂ€gga överskottsmark i vila. Idag har vi genom EU-beslut 16 miljömĂ„l att fylla, Myllrande vĂ„tmarker Ă€r ett av dessa. Under de cirka 150 Ă„r som gĂ„tt sedan den agrara revolutionen pĂ„gick som mest, har pendeln svĂ€ngt frĂ„n Ă„ ena sidan beslutet om att vinna odlingsland genom att leda bort vatten, till den andra sidan, att nu anvĂ€nda den mest lĂ€mpade vĂ„ta marken till vĂ„tmark. Är den mest lĂ€mpade vĂ„ta marken för vĂ„tmark alltid den mest lĂ€mpade platsen att anlĂ€gga vĂ„tmark pĂ„? Enligt forskningsprojektet Vastra Ă€r en vĂ„tmark i första hand avsedd som nĂ€ringsfĂ€lla, vilket gör att en placering i odlingslandskapet med omgivande Ă„kermark Ă€r en lĂ€mplig plats för en vĂ„tmarksanlĂ€ggning. För att motivera anvĂ€ndning av ekonomiska medel för anlĂ€ggning av vĂ„tmarker Ă€r mĂ„ngfasetterad anvĂ€ndning av ytvattenresurserna en möjlighet och en önskan. NĂ„got som gynnar en ökad biologisk mĂ„ngfald, men som ocksĂ„ kan ge ökade möjligheter till rekreation och kunskapsinhĂ€mtning i ett historiskt kultur- och odlingslandskap. I mitt kandidatarbete inom landskapsingenjörsprogrammet Ă„r 2004 har jag beskrivit Stureholm – en herrgĂ„rdstrĂ€dgĂ„rds historia, utveckling och framtida skötselmĂ„l. Fem Ă„r har gĂ„tt och nĂ€r jag nu blickar tillbaka pĂ„ det första arbetet finns följande att lĂ€sa under rubriken ’Riktlinjer för Ă„tgĂ€rder och skötsel med underrubrik drĂ€nering: ’Det dĂ„liga fallet gör att det ofta blir vatten stĂ„ende och bland annat detta har troligen varit en bidragande orsak till att delar av lindallĂ©n vid landsvĂ€gen har dött. Att öppna upp en djupare damm i ytteromrĂ„det Ă„t öster, dĂ€r hjortar kan söka vatten och svalka, kanske kan vara en möjlighet vĂ€rd att undersöka, för att leda vatten bort frĂ„n parken och skogen, vid höga vattenflöden.’( Brunnström, 2004,s.57) Tanken pĂ„ en översvĂ€mningsyta fanns sĂ„ledes redan 2004, mĂ„hĂ€nda Ă€n tidigare, men dĂ„ tĂ€nkt av andra. Sammanslagningen av egendomarna Stureholm och Bjerbolund Ă„r 2005 blev inledningen pĂ„ en översyn av markanvĂ€ndningen och vilka möjligheter till rationaliseringar som fanns. Egna önskemĂ„l och tankar om jordbruket och landskapets utveckling, inom ramarna för den Ă€nnu i dag kontrollerade mark- och vattenanvĂ€ndningen, har sammantaget med god rĂ„dgivning och finansiella möjligheter i fallet Stureholm och Bjerbolund, lett till en nöjd vĂ„tmarksĂ€gare. I samarbete med lĂ€nsstyrelse och projektörer har gemensamma mĂ„l och krafter lett till en fördröjning av vattnets vĂ€g till havet, positivt ur mĂ„nga aspekter

    Identification of arachidonic acid metabolites formed through the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway

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    The polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid is the precursor of many biologically active lipid mediators. This thesis is focused on the arachidonic acid metabolites formed through the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) pathway. The formation and the biological effects of mediators formed through cyclooxygenases and 5-lipoxygenase pathways are well characterized. The 15-LO-1 is less studied but several lines of evidence suggest a role for 15-LO-1 in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. In this thesis, eosinophils, mast cells, airway epithelial cells and the Hodgkin L1236 cell line were found to express 15-LO-1. In mast cells and airway epithelial cells, IL-4 stimulation increased the expression of 15-LO-1. Stimulation of eosinophils with pro-inflammatory agents and osmotic activation of mast cells by mannitol resulted in activation of the 15-LO-1 pathway. Bacterial infection as well as mechanical injury of the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract are well-known triggers of asthma attacks. These stimuli also increased the formation of 15-HETE in primary airway epithelial cells. Increased amounts of 15-LO-1 were found in bronchial biopsies from asthmatic patients compared to healthy volunteers. 15-LO-1 was also positively stained in Hodgkin lymphoma biopsies localized in the Hodgkin- Reed Sternberg cells, indicating a therapeutic or diagnostic relevance for 15-LO-1 in Hodgkin lymphoma. Analysis with LC-MS/MS identified the novel metabolite 14,15-LTC4. This metabolite was given the name eoxin C4 (EXC4) since eosinophils were a rich source of this metabolite. In addition, mast cells, airway epithelial cells, nasal polyps and L1236 cells could also produce EXC4. This metabolite was converted to EXD4 and EXE4 in eosinophils and L1236 cells. The cysteinyl-eoxins were shown to be 100 times more potent than histamine and almost as potent as cysteinyl-leukotrienes to increase the transendothelial permeability. Increased permeability and vascular leakage is a hallmark of inflammation, which is an important feature of asthma. Both LTC4 synthase and certain soluble glutathione S-transferases were found to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with EXA4 leading to the formation of EXC4. The animal ortholog of 15-LO-1, the 12/15-LO, was also found to generate EXC4, indicating that studies on animals can be predictive of the function of 15-LO-1 in human. Besides the cysteinyl-eoxins, the Hodgkin L1236 cell line also converted arachidonic acid into the 14,15- hepoxilin (Hx) A3 11(S) and 14,15-HxB3 13(R) as well as 14,15-HxA3-C and 14,15-HxA3-D. The 14,15-HxA3 11(S) and 14,15-HxB3 13(R) were also identified in eosinophils, dendritic cells and nasal polyps. The Hodgkin lymphoma tumor only consists of a minority of malignant cells and the main part is inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and mast cells. A potential role of 15-LO-1 could be to facilitate the inflammatory features of this disease. In essence, this thesis demonstrates that the 15-LO-1 pathway can convert arachidonic acid to many different metabolites with potential pro-inflammatory effects

    Effect of content characteristics on quality of experience of adaptive streaming

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    The growing popularity of adaptive streaming-based video delivery nowadays has raised the interest about the user's perception when experiencing quality adaptation. The impact of the video content characteristics on user's perceptual quality has already become evident. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of this factor on the quality of experience of adaptive streaming scenarios. Our results show that the perceptual quality of adaptation strategies applied on videos with high spatial and low temporal amount of activity is significantly lower compared to the other content types

    Subjective quality assessment of error concealment strategies for 3DTV in the presence of asymmetric transmission errors

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    International audienceThe transmission of 3DTV sequences over packet based networks may result in degradations of the video quality due to packet loss. In the conventional 2D case, several different strategies are known for extrapolating the missing information and thus concealing the error. In 3D however, the residual error after concealment of one view might leads to binocular rivalry with the correctly received second view. In this paper, three simple alternatives are presented: frame freezing, a reduced playback speed, and displaying only a single view for both eyes, thus effectively switching to 2D presentation. In a subjective experiment the performance in terms of quality of experience of the three methods is evaluated for different packet loss scenarios. Error-free encoded videos at different bit rates have been included as anchor conditions. The subjective experiment method contains special precautions for measuring the Quality of Experience (QoE) for 3D content and also contains an indicator for visual discomfort. The results indicate that switching to 2D is currently the best choice but difficulties with visual discomfort should be expected even for this method

    STANDARDIZED TOOLCHAIN AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR VIDEO QUALITY ASSESSMENT - THE MISSION OF THE JOINT EFFORT GROUP IN VQEG

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    International audienceSince 1997, the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) has been active in the field of subjective and objective video quality assessment. The group has validated competitive quality metrics throughout several projects. Each of these projects requires mandatory actions such as creating a testplan and obtaining databases consisting of degraded video sequences with corresponding subjective quality ratings. Recently, VQEG started a new open initiative, the Joint Effort Group (JEG), for encouraging joint collaboration on all mandatory actions needed to validate video quality metrics. Within the JEG, effort is made to advance the field of both subjective and objective video quality measurement by providing proper software tools and subjective databases to the community. One of the subprojects of the JEG is the joint development of a hybrid H.264/AVC objective quality metric. In this paper, we introduce the JEG and provide an overview of the different ongoing activities within this newly started group
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