Los jóvenes y la odisea del empleo: capital social y violencia simbólica en el mercado de trabajo

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Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015

Estructuración por edad del proceso de estratificación social en México

En este artículo analizamos la forma en que la edad modula la asociación entre los orígenes socioeconómicos familiares y tres resultados del proceso de estratificación social (la asistencia escolar, los años de escolaridad y el status ocupacional). Partiendo del modelo clásico del proceso de estratificación social de Blau y Duncan, proponemos adaptarlo para hacer observables los efectos del tiempo individual y del contexto histórico y controlar por posibles mediaciones asociadas a la composición sociodemográfica del hogar. Los resultados, sobre la base de datos longitudinales de México, muestran que efectivamente los efectos del origen familiar se encuentran mediados por la edad, de modo que existe una “estructuración por edad” del proceso de estratificación social. Esas mediaciones pueden responder a patrones “acumulativos” o “transicionales” con implicaciones analíticas disímiles y significativas variaciones entre cohortes de nacimiento. Esto nos lleva a resaltar la importancia de incorporar la perspectiva del curso de vida a los estudios de transmisión intergeneracional de la desigualdad

Orígenes sociales, instituciones, y decisiones educativas en la transición a la educación media superior: el caso del Distrito Federal

In this article, we analyze the transition from junior high school to high school in Mexico's Federal District. Since a large number of young people drop out of school during this period, it is important to understand the factors of influence in the phenomenon. We therefore propose an analytical system that decomposes the transition process into four successive pilases: the decision to take or not to take the general admissions examination for public high schools, the selection of options that students request on the examination, the examination results, and the final choice to continue on to high school. We sustain that the results in each phase are influenced by the family's social origins, institutional background, educational trajectory, and expectations for schooling.En este artículo analizamos la transición de la educación secundaria a la media superior (EMS) en el Distrito Federal (México). Un buen número de jóvenes abandona la escuela en este periodo, por lo que es importante entender cuáles son los factores que influyen en este fenómeno. Para ello, proponemos un esquema analítico que descompone el proceso de transición en cuatro fases sucesivas: la decisión de presentar o no el examen general para ingresar a las escuelas públicas de bachillerato, la elección de las opciones que los estudiantes solicitan en este examen, el resultado del examen y la continuidad final en la EMS. Sostenemos que en los resultados en cada una de estas fases influyen los orígenes sociales familiares, los antecedentes institucionales, la trayectoria educativa y las expectativas de continuidad escolar

Risk Sexual Behaviors in Uruguayan Adolescents: the Role of Self-Regulation and Sex-Gender

During adolescence, there is an increase in romantic and sexual exploration that is part of humans’ healthy development. However, in some circumstances, sexual behavior is associated with risky behaviors. Dual systems models of cognitive development posit that adolescents’ risk behaviors are the result of a developmental imbalance between the socioemotional and the cognitive control systems. In this research we focus on the cognitive control system through the study of the association between self-regulation and risk sexual behaviors, and the modulation of sex-gender and socioeconomical status. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of sexually active adolescents (Mage = 17.292, SD = 1.498), from Montevideo (Uruguay). Participants completed the Tower of London Task and the sociodemographic and sexual behavior questionnaires. We found an association between self-regulation and the probability of having had sex before age 15, the number of sexual partners and the inconsistency in the use of contraceptive methods (CM). Moreover, interactions between self-regulation and sex-gender were observed for the number of sexual partners and for the inconsistency in the use of CM. Our results contribute to understand the association between cognitive factors and risk sexual behaviors during adolescence in a socioeconomically diverse sample from a Latin American country.Fil: Fernández Theoduloz, Gabriela. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Psicología; UruguayFil: Brunet, Nicolás. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Psicología; UruguayFil: Godoy, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaFil: Steinberg, Laurence. Temple University; Estados Unidos. King Abdulaziz University; Arabia SauditaFil: López Gómez, Alejandra. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Psicología; Urugua

Recommendations for management of Chagas disease in organ and hematopoietic tissue transplantation programs in nonendemic areas

Fil: Pinazo, María-Jesús. Tropical Medicine Unit, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Roselló, 132. 4th. 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: Miranda, Blanca. Headship of Transplant Services Foundation and Coordination Unit of Transplant, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: Rodríguez-Villar, Camino. Donors Unit, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: Altclas, Javier. Headship of Infectology, Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre and Sanatorio Anchorena, Bartolome Mitre 2553 Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Brunet Serra, Mercè. University of Barcelona, Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: García-Otero, Elías Cañas. International Health Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, Manuel Siurot avenue, s/n. 41013 Sevilla; España.Fil: de Almeida, Eros Antonio. Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clínica Médica, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Albert Fleming, 40 13083–970 Campinas-SP; Brasil.Fil: de la Mata García, Manuel. Digestive Disorders Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Menéndez Pidal avenue, s/n 14004 Córdoba; España.Fil: Gascon, Joaquim. Tropical Medicine Unit, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Roselló, 132. 4th. 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: García Rodríguez, Magdalena. International Health Unit and pre-travel counseling, Infectious Diseases Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Tres Cruces avenue s/n 46014 Valencia; España.Fil: Manito, Nicolás. Heart Failure and Heart Transplant, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del LLobregat, Barcelona; España.Fil: Moreno Camacho, Asunción. Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: Oppenheimer, Federico. Kidney Transplant Unit, Nefrology and Kidney Transplant Department, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona; España.Fil: Puente Puente, Sabino. Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Carlos III, Valdevarnes, 33, 28039 Madrid; España.Fil: Riarte, Adelina. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina.Fil: Salas Coronas, Joaquín. Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital de Poniente, Almerimar road s/n 04700 El Ejido, Almería; España.Fil: Salavert Lletí, Miguel. Infectious Diseases Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia; España.Fil: Sanz, Guillermo F. Hematology Department, La Fe University Hospital, Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia; España.Fil: Torrico, Faustino. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Aniceto Arce 371, Cochabamba; Bolivia.Fil: Torrús Tendero, Diego. Imported Disease and Parasitology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante; España.Fil: Ussetti, Piedad. Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Donantes de sangre s/n, Madrid; España.Fil: Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida. Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Infections in Imunossupressed Host Group, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Enéias de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 04303 010 São Paulo; Brasil.The substantial immigration into Spain from endemic areas of Chagas disease such as Latin America has increased the number of potential donors of organs and tissues. In addition, an increasing number of patients with advanced Chagas heart disease may eventually be eligible to receive a heart transplant, a universally accepted therapeutic strategy for the advanced stages of this disease. Therefore, it is necessary to establish protocols for disease management. This document is intended to establish the guidelines to be followed when a potential donor or a tissue or organ recipient is potentially affected by Chagas disease and summarizes the action criteria against the possibility of Chagas disease transmission through the donation of organs, tissues, or hematopoietic stem cells and aims to help professionals working in this field. A single registry of transplants in Trypanosoma cruzi infected donors and/or recipients will provide and disseminate experience in this area, which has shown a low recorded incidence to date