The production of the juvenile’s transformation fact: an analysis of the reports used in the execution of detention

O enquadramento legal definido pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente para a institucionalização de adolescentes autores de atos infracionais estabelece que a decisão sobre o tempo de duração da internação deve ser produzida ao longo do processo de execução da medida socioeducativa. Partindo de uma pesquisa realizada com as instituições responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação em São Paulo (Fórum Brás e Fundação CASA), o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de construção dessa decisão nos relatórios produzidos pelas equipes técnicas nas unidades de internação para fundamentar a decisão judicial sobre a liberação do adolescente. O contexto prático de elaboração e recepção dos relatórios foi utilizado como esquema interpretativo para análise dos procedimentos empregados para produzir a razoabilidade da decisão de liberar o adolescente da unidade. A análise sugere que os três formatos desses relatos – relatórios inicial, de acompanhamento e conclusivo – exibem organizações típicas e empregam procedimentos que contribuem para a produção do fato da transformação do adolescente como efeito da medida.The legal framework defined by the Child and Adolescent Statute for the detention of juvenile offenders stablishes that the decision about the period of institutionalization must be produced during the intervention. Drawing on the results of a research conducted at the organizations responsible for the detention of juveniles in Sao Paulo, this article aims at analyzing the construction of this decision in the reports produced by the institution’s staff to support the juridical decision to release the youth. The practical context of the reports’ production and reception was used as an interpretive scheme for the analysis of the procedures employed in these accounts to produce the decision of releasing the adolescent as reasonable. The analysis suggests that the three designs of the accounts – initial report; monitoring report and conclusive report – exhibit typical organizations and employ specific procedures that contribute to produce the fact of the juvenile’s transformation as a consequence of the intervention

Socialização e regras de conduta para adolescentes internados

Exploring the findings of a study undertaken in a unit of the CASA Foundation (SP), this article analyzes the ways in which confinement as a form of punishment affects adolescents. The young offenders' unit was analyzed via the concept of the total institution, which allows us to think of the ways in which the institution, by generating conceptions of its members through the definition of their situation, affects the way in which they interact. Based on the anticipation of an imminent danger, the security procedures and prison-like characteristics of the physical installations also make this sense of impeding danger evident to all those who frequent the unit, provoking tensions and imposing the need for control and rules of conduct.A partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em uma unidade da Fundação Casa (SP), o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os meios pelos quais a internação como forma de punição produz efeitos nos adolescentes. A unidade de internação foi analisada com base no conceito de instituição total, que possibilita pensar de que forma a instituição, ao gerar concepções sobre seus membros a partir da definição da situação apresentada, produz efeitos no modo como interagem. Fundados na expectativa de um perigo iminente, os procedimentos de segurança e as características prisionais das dependências físicas também informam esse perigo iminente a todos que frequentam a unidade, geram tensão e impõem a necessidade de controle e de regras de conduta

Sana Granite, a post-collisional S-type magmatic suite of the Ribeira Belt (Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil)

The postcollisional magmatism in the Ribeira Belt, a collisional Orogen developed through several episodes during the convergence of the Pan-African/Brasiliano Orogeny, was marked in the Eastern Terrane (Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil) by intense granitic magmatism of Cambro-Ordovician age. This magmatism was previously divided into the Suruí and Nova Friburgo suites, both interpreted as I-type granites generated by the interactions of magmas with crustal and mantle origins. This paper presents a new contribution to the understanding of the Sana Granite. It is based on the analysis of field work, mineralogical and geochemical (elemental concentrations by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer, ICP-ES, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS) data, and U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotope analyses, by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from the main body and one satellite of the Sana Granite. The results of this work show that the Sana Granite, previously grouped with the Nova Friburgo suite, presents petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic characteristics that do not match its initial petrogenetic interpretation. Data from this work show that the Sana Granite is composed of alkali feldspar granites, syenogranites and monzogranites. All these rocks are hololeucocratic to leucocratic, with small grains ranging from fine to coarse. They are silica-supersaturated, peraluminous, and mostly alkali-calcic rocks and plot at the limit between the ferrous and magnesian fields. Crystallization ages of 480 ± 6 million years (Ma) and 495 ± 4 Ma are obtained in the main body of the Sana Granite, while the ages obtained in the satellite body are 506 ± 10 Ma and 508 ± 5 Ma. The Hf isotope data indicate crustal sources, with depleted mantle model ages (TDM) varying between 2.22 and 1.69 Ga and εHf values ranging between −15.54 and − 6.54. The data set from this work suggests that Sana is an S-type granite formed by the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks from the dehydration of hydrous minerals, such as biotite and muscovite. This massif is composed of muscovite-bearing peraluminous granitoids (MPGs) associated with high-pressure collisional Orogens. Considering that the characteristics of the Sana Granite are incompatible with those of the Nova Friburgo suite, it is proposed to use the Sana suite to characterize S-type granites generated in the postcollisional stage of the Ribeira Belt.publishe

Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in ameloblastomas and tooth germs

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in ameloblastomas and tooth germs to determine their roles in cell differentiation processes and invasiveness compared with odontogenesis. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-one ameloblastoma cases (16 solid and 5 unicystic tumors) and 5 tooth germs were submitted to the immunohistochemical detection of E-cadherin and beta-catenin. Immunoreactivity was evaluated using descriptive and semiquantitative analysis, investigating the location and intensity of staining. The Fisher exact test was performed, and P values of <.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin between solid and unicystic ameloblastomas (P = .59; P = .63; respectively). The same was found when comparing solid and unicystic ameloblastomas with the tooth germs for both E-cadherin (P = .53; P = .44; respectively) and beta-catenin (P = .12; P = .16; respectively). Nuclear staining of beta-catenin was observed in only 4 cases (3 solid and 1 unicystic tumor). CONCLUSION: The results showed no differences in the expression of E-cadherin or beta-catenin between tooth germs and solid and unicystic ameloblastomas. The expression of these molecules seems mainly to be related to the process of cell differentiation

Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcer activity of methanol extract and canthin-6-one of Simaba ferruginea A. St-Hil. in animal models

AbstractRelevanceSimaba ferruginea A. St-Hil. (Simaroubaceae) is a subshrub typical of the Brazilian Cerrado, whose rhizomes are popularly used as infusion or decoction for the treatment of gastric ulcers, diarrhea and fever.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the pharmacological mechanism(s) of action of the antiulcer effects of the methanol extract of Simaba ferruginea and its alkaloid canthin-6-one.Materials and methodsRhizome of Simaba ferruginea was macerated with methanol to obtain the methanol extract (MESf) from which was obtained, the chloroform fraction. Canthin-6-one alkaloid (Cant) was purified and then isolated from the chloroform fraction (CFSf). The isolated Cant was identified by HPLC. Anti-ulcer assays were determined using ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models in mice and rats respectively. In order to determine the probable mechanisms of actions of MESf and Cant animals were pretreated with l-NAME prior to anti-ulcer agent treatments and ulcer induction and nitric oxide (NO) level determined in order to assess NO involvement in the gastroprotective effects. Assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were also carried out according to previously described methods.ResultsThe results indicate that the antiulcerogenic effects of MESf and Cant in ethanol-induced ulcer is mediated in part through increase in the production of protective endogenous NO as the antiulcerogenic activity of MESf and Cant was reduced in animals pre-treated with l-NAME. In indomethacin-induced ulcer pre-treatment with MESf and Cant showed reduction in the levels of MPO and MDA in the gastric tissue, thus indicating the participation of the antioxidant mechanisms on the gastroprotective effects. The plasma levels of IL-8 in ulcerated rats with indomethacin were also reduced by Cant, but not by MESf, indicating that inhibition of this cytokine contributes to the gastroprotective effect of Cant. However MESf and Cant had no effect on the mucosal membrane levels of PGE2, indicating that the gastroprotective effects of these agents is independent of PGE2 modulation.ConclusionThe results obtained in this study with MESf and Cant added insights into the pharmacological mechanisms involved in their mode of antiulcer action. The results indicate that Cant is one of the compounds responsible for these effects. Such findings are of extreme importance in the strive for future development of potent, safer and effective antiulcer agent. The efficacy of MESf and Cant in gastroprotection shows that Simaba ferruginea might be a promising antiulcer herbal medicine, in addition to confirming the popular use of this plant against gastric ulcer models utilised in this study

Análisis del perfil oxidativo de diferentes muestras biológicas de pacientes con lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior

O joelho é uma das articulações mais importantes para locomoção. No entanto, devido a sua complexidade, torna-se suscetível a diversos tipos de lesões, como a ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Essa complicação desencadeia um processo inflamatório, que pode culminar em formação de radicais livres e, consequentemente, em estresse oxidativo (EO). O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o perfil oxidativo de pacientes com lesão do LCA, analisando duas amostras biológicas: líquido sinovial e soro. Foram analisados 11 indivíduos do gênero masculino, com ruptura total do LCA, com idade superior a 18 anos. Coletou-se amostras de sangue e líquido sinovial 15 minutos antes da artroplastia e se analisou biomarcadores de EO, catalase, flavonoides e peroxidação lipídica, isto é, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os resultados apontam menor concentração de flavonoides, combinada a aumento de TBARS e de atividade de catalase no soro quando comparado com o líquido sinovial. A análise dos resultados indica que a lesão de LCA induz a quadro de EO, caracterizado por consumo de antioxidantes e elevação de dano lipídico no líquido sinovial quando comparado com o soro, indicando que análises séricas podem não ser adequadas para medir EO em partes como a articulação do joelho.The knee is one of the most important joints for locomotion. However, due to its complexity, it becomes susceptible to several types of injuries, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. This complication triggers an inflammatory process, which can lead to the formation of free radicals and, consequently, oxidative stress (OS). The objective of this study was to compare the oxidative profiles of patients with ACL injury, analyzing two biological samples: synovial fluid and serum. Eleven male subjects with total ACL rupture, older than 18 were analyzed. Blood samples and synovial fluid were collected fifteen minutes before arthroplasty. OS catalase biomarkers, flavonoids and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were analyzed. The results indicate a lower flavonoid concentration, combined with an increase in TBARS and serum catalase activity when compared with synovial fluid. Analysis of the results indicates that the ACL injury induces OS, characterized by antioxidant consumption and elevated lipid damage in the synovial fluid, when compared with the serum, which indicates that serumal analyses may not be adequate to measure OS in compartments such as the knee joint.La rodilla es una de las articulaciones más importantes para locomoción. Sin embargo, debido a su complejidad, se torna susceptible a diversos tipos de lesiones, como la ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Esa complicación desencadena un proceso inflamatório, que puede culminar en formación de radicales libres y, en consecuencia, en estrés oxidativo (EO). El objectivo del estudio fue comparar el perfil oxidativo de pacientes con lesión del LCA, analizando dos muestras biológicas: fluido sinovial y suero. Fueron analizados 11 individuos del género masculino, con ruptura total del LCA, con edad superior a 18 años. Se recogió muestras de sangre y fluido sinovial 15 minutos antes de la artroplastia y se analizó biomarcadores de EO, catalasa, flavonoides y peroxidación de las grasas, o sea, substancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Los resultados apuntan menor concentración de flavonoides, combinada a aumento de TBARS e de actividad de catalasa en el suero cuando comparado con el fluido sinovial. El análisis de los resultados indica que la lesión de LCA induce a cuadro de EO, caracterizado por consumo de antioxidantes y elevación de daño de las grasas en el fluido sinovial cuando comparado con el suero, indicando que análisis séricas pueden no ser adecuadas para medir EO en partes como la articulación de la rodill

Reducción del tiempo de tratamiento antimicrobiano en unidades de cuidados intensivos en Fortaleza, Brasil

The authors are grateful for the contribution of the physicians, pharmacists and patients of the Walter Cantídio University Hospital who collaborated in the conduction of this study.Objective: To evaluate the application of the Antimicrobial (ATM) treatment time reduction strategy in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in two ICU of a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, from January/2017 to January/2019. Adult patients were included, accompanied by a pharmacist, and using ATM, in which the treatment time reduction strategy was applied. The evaluation of the strategy was made through the difference between the predicted time established at the beginning of the treatment and the effective days of use of each ATM. Results: Of the 100 patients included, 51.0 % were male and 64.0 % were elderly. The respiratory system was the most frequently affected by the infections (37.4 %) and the most prevalent classes of ATM were carbapenems (23.0 %) and glycopeptides (20.1 %). There was a decrease from 831 unnecessary days of antimicrobial therapy and from an average of 13.7 to 8.9 days of treatment. The greatest reductions in days were observed for meropenem, with 202 days reduced. The study also allowed the identification of associations between the reduction > 8 days of treatment and the variables length of stay > 22 days and patients in exclusive palliative care, and associations between hospi tal discharge and reductions of up to 7 days of therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that the presence of an ASP influences the practices of ATM use and its treatment time and emphasize the role of pharmaceutical professionals in these programs.Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la estrategia reducción del tiempo de tratamiento Antimicrobiano (ATM) en Uni dades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un Programa Stewardship de Antimicrobiano (ASP). Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en dos UCI de un hospital universitario de Fortaleza, Brasil, de enero/2017 a enero/2019. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, acompañados por un farmacéutico y utilizan do ATM, en los que se aplicó la estrategia de reducción del tiempo de tratamiento. La evaluación de la estrategia se realizó a través de la diferencia entre el tiempo previsto establecido al inicio del tratamiento y los días efectivos de uso de cada ATM. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes incluidos, 51,0 % eran del sexo masculino y 64,0 % ancianos. El sistema respira torio fue el más frecuentemente afectado (37,4 %) y las clases de ATM más prevalentes fueron los carbapenémicos (23,0 %) y los glicopéptidos (20,1 %). Hubo una disminución de 831 días innecesarios de terapia antimicrobiana y de un promedio de 13,7 a 8,9 días de tratamiento. Las mayores reducciones en días se observaron para meropenem, con 202 días reducidos. El estudio también permitió identificar asociaciones entre la reducción > 8 días de trata miento y las variables estancia > 22 días y pacientes en cuidados paliativos exclusivos; y asociaciones entre alta hospitalaria y reducciones de hasta 7 días de terapia. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de un ASP influye en las prácticas de uso de ATM y su tiempo de tratamiento y enfatizan el papel de los profesionales farmacéuticos en estos programa

Reducción del tiempo de tratamiento antimicrobiano en unidades de cuidados intensivos en Fortaleza, Brasil

Objective: To evaluate the application of the Antimicrobial (ATM) treatment time reduction strategy in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in two ICU of a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, from January/2017 to January/2019. Adult patients were included, accompanied by a pharmacist, and using ATM, in which the treatment time reduction strategy was applied. The evaluation of the strategy was made through the difference between the predicted time established at the beginning of the treatment and the effective days of use of each ATM. Results: Of the 100 patients included, 51.0 % were male and 64.0 % were elderly. The respiratory system was the most frequently affected by the infections (37.4 %) and the most prevalent classes of ATM were carbapenems (23.0 %) and glycopeptides (20.1 %). There was a decrease from 831 unnecessary days of antimicrobial therapy and from an average of 13.7 to 8.9 days of treatment. The greatest reductions in days were observed for meropenem, with 202 days reduced. The study also allowed the identification of associations between the reduction &gt; 8 days of treatment and the variables length of stay &gt; 22 days and patients in exclusive palliative care, and associations between hospital discharge and reductions of up to 7 days of therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that the presence of an ASP influences the practices of ATM use and its treatment time and emphasize the role of pharmaceutical professionals in these programs.Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la estrategia reducción del tiempo de tratamiento Antimicrobiano (ATM) en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un Programa Stewardship de Antimicrobiano (ASP). Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en dos UCI de un hospital universitario de Fortaleza, Brasil, de enero/2017 a enero/2019. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, acompañados por un farmacéutico y utilizando ATM, en los que se aplicó la estrategia de reducción del tiempo de tratamiento. La evaluación de la estrategia se realizó a través de la diferencia entre el tiempo previsto establecido al inicio del tratamiento y los días efectivos de uso de cada ATM. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes incluidos, 51,0 % eran del sexo masculino y 64,0 % ancianos. El sistema respiratorio fue el más frecuentemente afectado (37,4 %) y las clases de ATM más prevalentes fueron los carbapenémicos (23,0 %) y los glicopéptidos (20,1 %). Hubo una disminución de 831 días innecesarios de terapia antimicrobiana y de un promedio de 13,7 a 8,9 días de tratamiento. Las mayores reducciones en días se observaron para meropenem, con 202 días reducidos. El estudio también permitió identificar asociaciones entre la reducción &gt; 8 días de tratamiento y las variables estancia &gt; 22 días y pacientes en cuidados paliativos exclusivos; y asociaciones entre alta hospitalaria y reducciones de hasta 7 días de terapia. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de un ASP influye en las prácticas de uso de ATM y su tiempo de tratamiento y enfatizan el papel de los profesionales farmacéuticos en estos programas