Avaliação da capacidade funcional e do nível de atividade física em pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística

The objective of the present study was to compare the functional capacity and level of physical activity between adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy individuals. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to evaluate functional capacity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long version) was applied to assess physical activity level. This study included 31 patients with CF (11 males and 20 females) and 31 healthy individuals. Patients with CF had significantly lower values of body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function parameters, physical activity level, six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Comparing patients using a cut-off point of 500m, there were no significant differences in the classification of physical activity level assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Among patients with CF who walked less than 500m, there were significantly lower values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF (%), SpO2 after 6MWT and distance walked in the 6MWD. It could be concluded that patients with CF practice physical activity at lower levels than healthy individuals, when compared by the IPAQ questionnaire.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade funcional e o nível de atividade física de pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística (FC) e indivíduos sadios. Para a avaliação da capacidade funcional foi utilizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M) e para a verificação do nível de atividade física, foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ – versão longa). Participaram do estudo 31 indivíduos com FC (11 do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino) e 31 indivíduos sadios. Os pacientes com FC apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos de índice de massa corporal (IMC), parâmetros de função pulmonar, nível de atividade física, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2). Comparando os pacientes através ponto de corte 500m, não houve diferenças significativas na classificação do nível de atividade física avaliada pelo questionário. Nos pacientes com FC que caminharam abaixo de 500m, observaram-se valores significativamente menores de pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), PFE(%), SpO2 após TC6M e distância percorrida no teste de TC6M (DTC6M). Podemos concluir com este estudo que indivíduos com FC praticam atividade física com intensidades mais baixas que indivíduos sadios quando comparados pelo IPAQ

Repeatability of the 6-min walk test in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Non-cystic fbrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive and irreversible changes of the bronchial tree. The evaluation of exercise capacity is essential to manage this disease. This study aims to determine the within-subject repeatability of two Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in adults with NCFB. NCFB. This cross-sectional observational study included 66 NCFB subjects above 18 years-old (mean of 55 ± 17 years old, 68% women). 73% of the participants presented moderate to severe clinical condition classifed by Bronchiectasis Severity Index. It showed that these participants walked 16.6 m less (95%CI 3.8 to 29.4; p< 0.01) in the second 6MWT when compared to the frst test, with a within-subject coefcient variation of 9.4% (95%CI 7.2–11.2%) and an intra-test reliability with a high intraclass correlation coefcient of 0.88 (95%CI 0.80–0.93). Bland–Altman plot showed an agreement regarding test repeatability, besides presented a large limit of agreement (− 85 to 116 m). Respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure were signifcantly higher before starting the second test. In conclusion, 6MWT seems to be reproducible in NCFB subjects and vital sign verifcation should be attentively checked to assess if the patient is fully recovered to perform a second test, as well as the disease severity score. Other studies on this matter should be conducted with a larger number of participants to confrm the fndings of the present study

Functional capacity, lung function, and muscle strength in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : a prospective cohort study

Objective/Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for benign and malignant hematological diseases. These aggressive treatments cause reduced levels of physical activity, decreased lung function, and worse quality of life. Alterations in pulmonary function tests before HSCT are associated with the risk of respiratory failure and early mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate functional capacity and lung function before and after HSCT and identify the predictors of mortality after 2 years. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with individuals with oncohematological diseases. The evaluations were carried out in two moments during hospitalization and at hospital discharge. Follow-up was carried out after 48 months. Assessments were carried out on 34 adults, using spirometry, manovacuometry, 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Handgrip Strength Test, and 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30-s CST). Results: There was a statistically significant reduction for the variables in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume predicted in the 1st second, Tiffeneau index, handgrip strength, and distance covered (% predicted) on the 6MWT (p < .05). There was a significant difference in the 30-s CST when individuals were compared according to the type of transplant. We found that a 10% reduction in the values of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) can predict an increased risk for mortality. Conclusions: Individuals undergoing HSCT have reduced functional capacity, lung function, and muscle strength during the hospitalization phase. Reduction in the values of MIP increases the risk of nonrelapse mortality

Atletas tenistas adolescentes de alto rendimento: Perfil de consumo e composição corporal

Tennis is an intermittent sport, with movements of high intensity and duration. The present study aimed to assess nutritional status focusing on food intake and body composition of high-performance adolescent athletes. Observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted with 9 athletes from a tennis school in Campo Grande-MS, of both sexes, aged between 10 and 15 years. Dietary research of specific food frequency for athletes was used, comparing with the nutritional recommendations of the International Society for Sports Nutrition for energy and macronutrients and the Institute of Medicine for micronutrients. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, arm and waist circumferences and skinfolds were performed to determine body fat (%) and fat-free mass (kg). Regarding adequacy, we observed 77.8% of energy intake, in relation to the recommendations, mean intake of carbohydrates of 6.9 g/kg/day, 2.0 g /kg/day of protein and 1.9 g/kg/day of lipids. Calcium intake was below recommendation in 100% of cases. Mean intake above the recommendation was found for zinc, vitamin E and C. Adequate body fat was observed in only 33.3% of tennis players. We concluded that the majority of athletes presented inadequate intake of proteins and micronutrients, which may be reflected in their body composition.O tênis é um esporte intermitente, com movimentos de alta intensidade e curta duração.&nbsp; O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional focado no consumo alimentar e composição corporal de atletas adolescentes de alto rendimento. Estudo observacional, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 9 atletas de uma escola de tênis de Campo Grande-MS, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 15 anos. Utilizou-se inquérito dietético de frequência alimentar específico para atletas, comparando-se com as recomendações nutricionais da International Society of Sports Nutrition de energia e macronutrientes e do Institute of Medicine para micronutrientes. As medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, circunferências de braço e cintura e dobras cutâneas foram realizadas para a determinação da gordura corporal (%) e da massa livre de gordura (kg). Observou-se consumo energético com 77,8% de adequação em relação as recomendações, carboidratos de 6,9 g/kg/dia, proteína de 2,0 g/kg/dia e lipídios de 1,9 g/kg/dia. A ingestão de cálcio estava abaixo da recomendação em 100% dos casos. A média de ingestão de zinco, vitamina E e C apresentaram inadequações estando superiores às recomendações. O percentual de gordura corporal estava adequado em apenas 33,3% dos tenistas. A maioria dos atletas apresentaram ingestão inadequada de proteínas e micronutrientes, que pode estar refletindo na composição corporal

Dyspnea perception during the inspiratory resistive loads test in obese subjects waiting bariatric surgery

Identifcation of low dyspnea perception is relevant, since this condition is signifcantly associated with worse outcomes. We investigated dyspnea perception during the inspiratory resistive loads test on obese subjects waiting bariatric surgery in comparison with normal subjects. Secondarily, we analysed the proportion of obese subjects with low, moderate and high dyspnea perception. This observational study included subjects with body mass index (BMI)≥35kg/m2, compared to healthy subjects with BMI ≥18 and <25kg/m2. Subject underwent clinical evaluation, inspiratory test with progressive resistive loads and spirometry. We studied 23 obese subjects (mean BMI=51.9±9.3kg/ m2) and 25 normal subjects (mean BMI=24.3±2.3kg/m2). With the increase magnitude of resistive loads there was a signifcant increase in dyspnea score (p<0.001) and progressive increase of the generated inspiratory pressure (p<0.001), but there was no diference between the groups in terms of dyspnea score (p=0.191) and no interaction efect (p=0.372). Among the obese subjects, 4 individuals were classifed as low perception, 11 as moderate and 8 as high. In conclusion, the degree of dyspnea perception during the inspiratory progressive resistive loads test did not difer between obese and normal subjects. Among obese subjects, only 17% were classifed as low dyspnea perception

Protein supplement obtained from almonds of bacuri fruit (Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng.): elaboration, nutritional characterization and sensory acceptability

Bacuri (Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng.) is a fruit belonging to Palmae family, found in Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil with great nutritional potential. The objective of the present study was to perform processing, elaboration, nutritional analysis and sensorial acceptability test of protein supplement formulations with bacuri almonds aiming its use by vegetarian public and sportsmen. Bacuri almonds were processed to lyophilized flour of the protein isolate, and then mixed with other ingredients to produce two supplement formulations: F1 containing 70% bacuri lyophilized almond flour, and F2 containing 35% bacuri lyophilized almond flour and 35% commercial supplement. Nutritional composition analysis, amino acid determination and sensory analysis were performed. Both supplements presented high protein content. F1 and F2 were significant different for energy, moisture, ashes, proteins and carbohydrates content. Amino acid profile was satisfactory for methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine and tyrosine for both. Sensory analysis showed acceptability indexes above the minimum limit of 70%, which is considered accepted. Thus, bacuri almond is an alternative ingredient in plant food supplements. However, its isolated use (F1) still needs further testing for sensory acceptability indices improvement