Abiotic Conversion of Extracellular NH2OH Contributes to N2O Emission during Ammonia Oxidation

The authors wish to thank Holger Wissel for his assistance with 15N isotope analysis, Franz Leistner for his assistance in gas chromatography and Kerim Dimitri Kits for helpful discussions. We would like to thank Andreas Pommerening-Röser (University of Hamburg, Germany) for providing us with AOB strains. SL was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (scholarship no. 201206760007). MW and PH were supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (NITRICARE, 294343). LH is funded through the Nitrous Oxide Research Alliance (NORA), a Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITN and research project under the EU's seventh framework program (FP7).Peer reviewedPostprin

Cryptic Diversity in Indo-Pacific Coral-Reef Fishes Revealed by DNA-Barcoding Provides New Support to the Centre-of-Overlap Hypothesis

Diversity in coral reef fishes is not evenly distributed and tends to accumulate in the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago (IMPA). The comprehension of the mechanisms that initiated this pattern is in its infancy despite its importance for the conservation of coral reefs. Considering the IMPA either as an area of overlap or a cradle of marine biodiversity, the hypotheses proposed to account for this pattern rely on extant knowledge about taxonomy and species range distribution. The recent large-scale use of standard molecular data (DNA barcoding), however, has revealed the importance of taking into account cryptic diversity when assessing tropical biodiversity. We DNA barcoded 2276 specimens belonging to 668 coral reef fish species through a collaborative effort conducted concomitantly in both Indian and Pacific oceans to appraise the importance of cryptic diversity in species with an Indo-Pacific distribution range. Of the 141 species sampled on each side of the IMPA, 62 presented no spatial structure whereas 67 exhibited divergent lineages on each side of the IMPA with K2P distances ranging between 1% and 12%, and 12 presented several lineages with K2P distances ranging between 3% and 22%. Thus, from this initial pool of 141 nominal species with Indo-Pacific distribution, 79 dissolved into 165 biological units among which 162 were found in a single ocean. This result is consistent with the view that the IMPA accumulates diversity as a consequence of its geological history, its location on the junction between the two main tropical oceans and the presence of a land bridge during glacial times in the IMPA that fostered allopatric divergence and secondary contacts between the Indian and Pacific oceans

Diversity and Diversification in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Program ANR BIOTAS)

International audienceOral presentation about Diversity and Diversification in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Program ANR BIOTAS

Diversification of terrestrial and marine biotas in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Program ANR BIOTAS)

International audiencePoster about diversification of terrestrial and marine biotas in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Program ANR BIOTAS

Summary of K2P distances for increasing taxonomic levels. Data are from 2276 sequences from 668 species and 265 genera (<i>SI</i> Appendix S2). Comparisons within species based on the 514 species with <i>N</i>>1.

<p>Summary of K2P distances for increasing taxonomic levels. Data are from 2276 sequences from 668 species and 265 genera (<i>SI</i> Appendix S2). Comparisons within species based on the 514 species with <i>N</i>>1.</p

Map of the sampling localities and position of the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago (IMPA) peak of diversity (derived from [<b>17</b>]).

<p>Map of the sampling localities and position of the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago (IMPA) peak of diversity (derived from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028987#pone.0028987-Bellwood2" target="_blank">[<b>17</b>]</a>).</p