766 research outputs found
Fonologija prema fonetici i gramatici
Fonologija i fonetika bave se glasovima i u manjoj mjeri drugim izgovornim jedinicama (slogovima i izgovornim cjelinama). Fonetika prouÄava glasove pojedinoga jezika ili jezika uopÄe u naÄelu jednako kao bilo koje zvukove u prirodi, a fonologija prouÄava njihovu jeziÄnu prirodu, funkciju u jeziku. Zato se Äesto smatra da fonetika nije dijelom lingvistike. Takvo shvaÄanje nije ispravno. Prirodoznanstvene discipline (akustika kao dio fizike, anatomija, fiziologija, neurologija, psihologija) zainteresirane su samo za pojedine aspekte fonetskih istraživanja (artikulacijski, akustiÄki ili perceptivni), a samo fonologija, koja je neosporno lingvistiÄkom disciplinom, zanima se za cjelinu fonetike, jer se sve tri njezine grane bave nekom jeziÄnom djelatnosti ili nekom stranom jeziÄne prirode, a sve Å”to je u vezi s jezikom, predmet je lingvistiÄkog istraživanja. Za potpun opis kakva jezika potrebne su nam tri skupine lingvistiÄkih disciplina. U prvoj su fonetika i fonologija, u drugoj su gramatiÄke discipline (morfologija,tvorba i sintaksa), a treÄu saÄinjavaju one koje se bave rjeÄniÄkim pojavama i opÄim pitanjima znaÄenja, no one nemaju izravna dodira s fonologijom, nego sarno preko tvorbe i morfologije. Fonetika pak nema izravna dodira s gramatiÄkim disciplinama, nego samo preko fonologije, a fonologiju povezuje s morfologijom i tvorbom morfonologija, koja odbacuje odnos izgovornih jedinica s gramatiÄkim jediinicama (prvenstveno s morfemima i rijeÄima)
O nazivima āhrastaā u evropskim dijalektima
LingvistiÄki atlas Evrope (ALE) razlikuje se veoma bitno od dosadanjih lingvistiÄkih altlasa, koji su obraÄivali ili dijalekte jednoga jezilka, ili samo jedan njihov dio na odreÄenom podruÄju, ili skupinu genetski srodnih jezika (npr. slavenske), ili i dijalekte nesrodnih jezika na stanovitom državnom ili administrativnom teritoriju, ili samo specifiÄne jeziÄne pojave vezane uz kakvu heteroglotsku geofiziÄku zonu (kao Å”to su Sredozemlje ili podruÄje Karpata). ALE je nova pojava i po dimenzijama i po fizionomiji, no prije svega po svojim zadaÄama. U njegovim rasponima i pri njegovoj mnogobrojnosti i krajnjoj raznorodnosti i raznovrsnosti zahvaÄenih idioma genetskolingvistiÄki ciljevi moraju gotovo potpuno ustupiti mjesto strukturno-tipoloÅ”kima i arealnima u glasovnoj i gramatiÄkoj problematici. To isto vrijedi i za leksiÄka pitanja, s time da, iz istih razloga, onomazioloÅ”ki aspekt mora biti podreÄen motivacijskomu. Motivi za denominaciju grupiraju lekseme najrazliÄitijih Äesto veoma udaljenih idioma, otkrivaju s jedne strane nove psiho-lingvistiÄke Äinjenice, s druge strane nepoznate stare civilizacijsike, ekonomske, politiÄke, religijske, migracijske Ā·i druge veze. Kolosalan broj raznojeziÄnih dijalekatnih leksema za isti pojam zahtijeva specifiÄnu tehnologiju u izradbi legendi za pojedine karte u ALE. Preglednost karata bila bi posve izgubljena bez drastiÄne redukcije broja posebnih znakova u legendama. To se može postiÄi strogim sistematiziranjem i hijerarhiziranjem prikazivanih pojava (s time da sve budu podreÄene motivacijskima) i upotrebljavanih znakova (osnovni lik, nijansiranje povrÅ”ina, modifikacije osnovnog lika, dodatni āmarkeriā i s1.) . Kako su bionimi (zoonimi i fitonimi) svakako jedna od najzanimljivijih semantiÄkih skupina u leksiÄkom korpusu svih jezika, izabrano je pitanje br. 53 u kvestionaru ALE, tj. āhrastā, za ilustraciju i lingvogeografske problematike i kartografske tehnologije
An Ecocritical Approach to Äuro Sudetaās MorāThe Original Werewolf Legend
This paper outlines the main reading strategies of ecocriticism. Its main theoretical interest lies not in the pure extraction of literary motifs of Nature, but in the deconstruction of the diversity between Nature and Culture, representing Nature as the postmodern significant āOtherā relating to contemporary environmental problems and thus exposing literary approaches in the past (āincludingpostmodernismā) as anthropocentric. The main part of this paper focuses on the example of the application of ecocritical strategies in Äuro Sudetaās modernist and impressionistic novella Mor, which leads to the suggestion of reforming conventional readings in traditional literary history
O nazivima āhrastaā u evropskim dijalektima
LingvistiÄki atlas Evrope (ALE) razlikuje se veoma bitno od dosadanjih lingvistiÄkih altlasa, koji su obraÄivali ili dijalekte jednoga jezilka, ili samo jedan njihov dio na odreÄenom podruÄju, ili skupinu genetski srodnih jezika (npr. slavenske), ili i dijalekte nesrodnih jezika na stanovitom državnom ili administrativnom teritoriju, ili samo specifiÄne jeziÄne pojave vezane uz kakvu heteroglotsku geofiziÄku zonu (kao Å”to su Sredozemlje ili podruÄje Karpata). ALE je nova pojava i po dimenzijama i po fizionomiji, no prije svega po svojim zadaÄama. U njegovim rasponima i pri njegovoj mnogobrojnosti i krajnjoj raznorodnosti i raznovrsnosti zahvaÄenih idioma genetskolingvistiÄki ciljevi moraju gotovo potpuno ustupiti mjesto strukturno-tipoloÅ”kima i arealnima u glasovnoj i gramatiÄkoj problematici. To isto vrijedi i za leksiÄka pitanja, s time da, iz istih razloga, onomazioloÅ”ki aspekt mora biti podreÄen motivacijskomu. Motivi za denominaciju grupiraju lekseme najrazliÄitijih Äesto veoma udaljenih idioma, otkrivaju s jedne strane nove psiho-lingvistiÄke Äinjenice, s druge strane nepoznate stare civilizacijsike, ekonomske, politiÄke, religijske, migracijske Ā·i druge veze. Kolosalan broj raznojeziÄnih dijalekatnih leksema za isti pojam zahtijeva specifiÄnu tehnologiju u izradbi legendi za pojedine karte u ALE. Preglednost karata bila bi posve izgubljena bez drastiÄne redukcije broja posebnih znakova u legendama. To se može postiÄi strogim sistematiziranjem i hijerarhiziranjem prikazivanih pojava (s time da sve budu podreÄene motivacijskima) i upotrebljavanih znakova (osnovni lik, nijansiranje povrÅ”ina, modifikacije osnovnog lika, dodatni āmarkeriā i s1.) . Kako su bionimi (zoonimi i fitonimi) svakako jedna od najzanimljivijih semantiÄkih skupina u leksiÄkom korpusu svih jezika, izabrano je pitanje br. 53 u kvestionaru ALE, tj. āhrastā, za ilustraciju i lingvogeografske problematike i kartografske tehnologije
The financial challenges of clinical legal education: an example from a Zagreb law clinic
Authors lay out the debate over the composition and direction of legal education in an era of law schoolās curriculum reform and limited financial resources. Croatian Legal Aid Act created an opportunity for law students to become more actively involved in delivering primarily legal aid to local community. If law schools are not sufficiently financially resourced, they can hardly equip students with the needed skills to practice law and provide legal aid. Finally, the authors argue who should play a guiding role in financing a clinical legal education in law schools that are focused on educating students as social justice lawyers.Keywords:Ā clinicalĀ legalĀ education,Ā legalĀ aid,Ā financialĀ sustainability
The Impacts of Covid-19 on the Tourism Sector: Changes, Adaptations and Challenges
This exploratory study charts the transformation of the tourism sector caused by the COVID-19 crisis. The article dissects five key domains of industry transformation: accelerated digitalisation, business model flexibility, human resources, travel restrictions, and risk perception and crisis management. It delineates the industry\u27s changes, adaptations, and associated challenges in each domain. A review and content analysis of 240 publicly available online documents was conducted. The results provide managerial implications and avenues for future research in tourism, including the hybridisation of tourism products, transformation of the service encounter style, adaptation to a shifting travel mode, and increased risk awareness and preparedness
HARMONISING SANCTIONS AGAINST EXTERNAL AUDITORS
The European Parliament adopted the Directive 2014/56/EU amending the Directive 2006/43/EC on every statutory audit in the EU and the Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 containing requirements that relate specifically to statutory audit of public interest entities. One of the main issues imposed by the new audit Directive and Regulation is introducing and harmonizing measures against statutory auditors and audit firms. This new audit legislative impose harmonized administrative pecuniary sanction on statutory auditors, audit firms and public interest entities for identified infringements of the rules. Member States should apply identical criteria when determining the sanction to be imposed with the possibility of withdrawing the approval of the statutory auditor or audit firm concerned. In that sense, the aim of this paper is to investigate the auditorās liability according to the existing regulatory framework in the Republic of Croatia, as well as the legal consequences for infringements of the rules. In addition, this paper presents comparative overview of the solutions for audit infringements adopted by the selected European Union Member States that have already transposed the new audit regulation into national legislation
Multimodalni pristup lijeÄenju poslijeoperacijske muÄnine i povraÄanja (PONV)
The paper shows a new, multimodal approach to the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which are among the most common complications in surgically treated patients. The approach combines the following procedures: risk assessment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, minimization of adverse effects of anesthesia and surgery, prophylaxis using drugs with anti-emetic effect, and optimization of therapy in case the complication develops. Besides reducing the incidence rate of PONV, such approach also reduces both the number of PONV-related serious complications and treatment costs.Ovim radom prikazan je novi, multimodalni pristup prevenciji i lijeÄenju postoperacijske muÄnine i povraÄanja (PONV, od engl. postoperative nausea and vomiting) jedne od najÄeÅ”Äih komplikacija koja se pojavljuje u operiranih bolesnika. Objedinjuje sljedeÄe postupke procjenu rizika za razvoj PONV-a, minimaliziranje nepovoljnih uÄinaka anestezije i operacijskog zahvata, preventivnu primjenu kombinacije lijekova sa antiemetskim uÄinkom kao i optimalizaciju terapije ako se komplikacija razvije. Ovom metodom, pored snižavanja uÄestalosti PONV- a, smanjujemo i broj ozbiljnih komplikacija ove pojave kao i troÅ”kove lijeÄenja
Linguistic oppositions: north ~ south and east ~ west among the Slavic languages
Temeljne opozicije u slavenskome jeziÄnom svijetu pojavljuju se u odnosima izmeÄu triju tradicionalnih slavenskih jeziÄnih skupina, to jest zapadne (sjeverozapadne), istoÄne (sjeveroistoÄne) i južne, i to u sve tri moguÄe kombinacije: zapad ~ istok/jug, istok - zapad/jug i jug - sjever. Tim trima opozicijama može se kao Äetvrta dodati opozicija centar - periferija u tradicionalnome smislu lingvistiÄke geografije, opozicija gdje se doduÅ”e ne operira s uobiÄajenim trima slavenskim jeziÄnim skupinama, ali je možda ne manje važna od njihovih meÄusobnih usporedbi, iako joj se najÄeÅ”Äe ne ukazuje pozornost Å”to je zaslužuje. Mnoge pak Äinjenice upuÄuju na zakljuÄak da je najozbiljnija opozicija sjever ~ jug, s time da se suprotnosti istok ~ zapad na sjeveru ponavljaju u sliÄnu obliku i na jugu.Among the three traditional Slavic language groups (West or Northwest, East or Northeast, and the South Slavic language group) one can observe some basic linguistic oppositions in three possible combinations: West vs. East/South, East vs. West / South, and South vs. North. To these three could be added a fourth opposition: the center versus the periphery, in the sense of traditional linguistic geography. This fourth opposition does not however, always get due attention. Although it does not āfollowā the āstandardā division of Slavic languages into three basic groups, it might be no less important for their mutual comparison. Finally, according to many linguistic features it can be concluded that the opposition of North vs. South is the most prominent one. However, it should be noted that the opposition of East versus West in the North is repeated: East and West stand in a similar relationship in the South
AUDIT MARKET CONCENTRATION ā EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA
Statutory audit is designated to protect the public interest and has a significant impact on the overall economy. There are concerns that the Big Four audit firms have become too dominant and that the collapse of one of these firms would disrupt the whole financial system. In terms of revenues received, the total market share of the Big Four audit firms for listed companies exceeds 90% in a vast majority of European Union Member States. Prior studies have shown that high audit market concentration limits the choice of auditor for large companies and sets a high barrier of entry for mid-tier audit firms, while the effect on audit quality and audit fees is still unclear. Therefore, the regulators are considering reforms to dilute the Big Fourās dominance and improve competition in the audit market. The paper reviews the proposed and implemented measures that are the most common, together with their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, the characteristics of the audit market in Croatia are investigated, with a focus on market concentration measured by standard measures such as the Concentration rate, the Herfindahl Hirschman Index and the Gini coefficient. According to market shares based on total clientsā assets and revenues, the audit market for listed companies is moderately to highly concentrated, with a decrease in the five-year period (2013 compared to 2008)
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