3,950 research outputs found

    Void-mediated formation of Sn quantum dots in a Si matrix

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    Atomic scale analysis of Sn quantum dots (QDs) formed during the molecular beam-epitaxy (MBE) growth of Sn_xSi_(1−x) (0.05 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1) multilayers in a Si matrix revealed a void-mediated formation mechanism. Voids below the Si surface are induced by the lattice mismatch strain between Sn_xSi_(1−x) layers and Si, taking on their equilibrium tetrakaidecahedron shape. The diffusion of Sn atoms into these voids leads to an initial rapid coarsening of quantum dots during annealing. Since this formation process is not restricted to Sn, a method to grow QDs may be developed by controlling the formation of voids and the diffusion of materials into these voids during MBE growth

    Development of a chromium-thoria alloy

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    Low temperature ductility and high temperature strength of pure chromium and chromium-thoria alloy prepared from vapor deposited powder

    The atomic structure of large-angle grain boundaries Σ5\Sigma 5 and Σ13\Sigma 13 in YBa2Cu3O7−δ{\rm YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}} and their transport properties

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    We present the results of a computer simulation of the atomic structures of large-angle symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (GBs) Σ5\Sigma 5 (misorientation angles \q{36.87}{^{\circ}} and \q{53.13}{^{\circ}}), Σ13\Sigma 13 (misorientation angles \q{22.62}{^{\circ}} and \q{67.38}{^{\circ}}). The critical strain level ϵcrit\epsilon_{crit} criterion (phenomenological criterion) of Chisholm and Pennycook is applied to the computer simulation data to estimate the thickness of the nonsuperconducting layer hn{\rm h_n} enveloping the grain boundaries. The hn{\rm h_n} is estimated also by a bond-valence-sum analysis. We propose that the phenomenological criterion is caused by the change of the bond lengths and valence of atoms in the GB structure on the atomic level. The macro- and micro- approaches become consistent if the ϵcrit\epsilon_{crit} is greater than in earlier papers. It is predicted that the symmetrical tilt GB Σ5\Sigma5 \theta = \q{53.13}{^{\circ}} should demonstrate a largest critical current across the boundary.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

    High Temperature Ferromagnetism with Giant Magnetic Moment in Transparent Co-doped SnO2-d

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    Occurrence of room temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in pulsed laser deposited thin films of Sn1-xCoxO2-d (x<0.3). Interestingly, films of Sn0.95Co0.05O2-d grown on R-plane sapphire not only exhibit ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature close to 650 K, but also a giant magnetic moment of about 7 Bohr-Magneton/Co, not yet reported in any diluted magnetic semiconductor system. The films are semiconducting and optically highly transparent.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

    Direct observation of nm-scale Mg- and B-oxide phases at grain boundaries in MgB2

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    Here we describe the results of an atomic resolution study of the structure and composition of both the interior of the grains, and the grain boundaries in polycrystalline MgB2. We find that there is no oxygen within the bulk of the grains but significant oxygen enrichment at the grain boundaries. The majority of grain boundaries contain BOx phases smaller than the coherence length, while others contain larger areas of MgO sandwiched between BOx layers. Such results naturally explain the differences in connectivity between the grains observed by other techniques

    Phase Control and Fast Start-Up of a Magnetron Using Modulation of an Addressable Faceted Cathode

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    The use of an addressable, faceted cathode has been proposed as a method of modulating current injection in a magnetron to improve performance and control phase. To implement the controllable electron emission, five-sided and ten-sided faceted planar cathodes employing gated field emitters are considered as these emitters could be fabricated on flat substrates. For demonstration, the conformal finite-difference time-domain particle-in-cell simulation, as implemented in VORPAL, has been used to model a ten-cavity, rising sun magnetron using the modulated current sources and benchmarked against a typical continuous current source. For the modulated, ten-sided faceted cathode case, the electrons are injected from three emitter elements on each of the ten facets. Each emitter is turned ON and OFF in sequence at the oscillating frequency with five emitters ON at one time to drive the five electron spokes of the π-mode. The emitter duty cycle is then 1/6th the Radio-Frequency (RF) period. Simulations show a fast start-up time as low as 35 ns for the modulated case compared to 100 ns for the continuous current cases. Analysis of the RF phase using the electron spoke locations and the RF magnetic field components shows that the phase is controlled for the modulated case while it is random, as typical, for the continuous current case. Active phase control during oscillation was demonstrated by shifting the phase of the electron injection 180° after oscillations started. The 180° phase shift time was approximately 25 RF cycles
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