418 research outputs found
Social Security Reform: Risks, Returns, and Race
The debate over social security reform has far-reaching implications for the economic well-being of blacks and other minority groups. In this article, we examine how blacks have fared under the existing system, and then consider the likely consequences of moving toward a privatized system. Specifically, we consider the claim, recently advanced by some privatizers, that blacks receive an especially bad deal under the existing system and would be better off under a privatized system. We find that, for blacks as a group, this claim tends to overstate both the shortcomings of the existing system and the advantages of privatization. Furthermore, we urge that the racial impact of social security reform deserves serious and sustained consideration. While the path of reform will inevitably require difficult tradeoffs between competing policy goals and political constituencies, no serious reform proposal can ignore the issue of racial equality in the debate over social security
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 7 Number 11
Anna M. Shafer
Barton Memorial Division
Births
Changes in the Ophthalmology Division
Change of Address
Clara Melville Fund
Continental Tour
Deceased
Digest of Meetings
Inter-County Hospitalization Plan
Katherine Childs\u27 Letter
Lost Members
Marriages
Miscellaneous
Nursing Home Committee\u27s Report
Physical Advantages
President James L. Kauffman\u27s Letter
President\u27s Greeting
Private Duty Section
Prizes
Relief Fund
School Nursing
Silhouette of a Public Health Nurse
Rooming-in of Infant with Mother
Staff Activities
The Student
White Haven Divisio
Coastal geology, sedimentology, and management, Chicago and the Northshore : prepared for the 4th annual field conference, Great Lakes Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, September 21-22, 1974
Bibliography: p. 54-55
Inequalities in health complaints: 20-year trends among adolescents in Scotland, 1998–2018
This study examined trends in inequalities in health complaints among early adolescents in Scotland from 1998 to 2018. We analysed data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey conducted in Scotland in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. A self-report questionnaire was administered in schools to a nationally representative sample of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds (n = 29,250). Health complaints were measured using a scale comprising four psychological symptoms (feeling low, feeling nervous, irritability and sleep difficulties) and four somatic symptoms (headache, backache, stomachache and dizziness). Socio-economic status was measured using the Family Affluence Scale. Between 1998 and 2018, there were significant increases in the proportion of girls and boys reporting feeling low, feeling nervous, sleep difficulties and backache. Prevalence of the eight individual health complaints was higher among girls and adolescents from lower affluence families. Socio-economic inequalities increased over time, such that declines in mental health were greatest among low affluence adolescents. The data show worsening trends in health complaints among Scottish adolescents between 1998 and 2018, particularly for girls and adolescents from low affluence families. Increasing inequalities in mental health highlight the need to address the underlying social and structural determinants of adolescent mental health
The Iowa Homemaker vol.20, no.7
Hospitality on a Budget, Mary Ellen Brown, page 2
Plastics Equip the Home, Dorothy Anne Roost, page 4
Designed for Efficiency, Dorothy Gross, page 6
50,000 Words a Day, Betty Bice, page 7
Sally Leads Military Parade, Patricia Hayes, page 8
Self-Investment for Life, Dr. Richard C. Raines, page 10
Home Management Staff, Margaret Kumlien Read, page 11
What’s New in Home Economics, Helen Kubacky, page 12
Defense Challenges the Home Economics, Dr. P. M. Nelson, page 14
Letters from Sumatra and Alaska, page 15
Alums in the News, Bette Simpson, page 16
Vitamins Invade Army Rations, Genevieve Scott, page 17
Flashes from Bacteriology Field, Catherine Raymond, page 18
China on a Budget, Jane Willey, page 19
Behind Bright Jackets, Marjorie Thomas, page 20
Soldiers and Sailors Eat Well, Pat Garberson, page 22
Spindles, Helen Moeckly, page 2
Evaluating quality and impact of acute paediatric inpatient care: Defining the domains for a Person Centred Outcome Measure (PCOM) in children and young people admitted with self-harm or eating disorders
Background and purpose:
In the United Kingdom, the prevalence of children and young people (CYP), up to the age of 18 years, accessing acute paediatric inpatient care with mental health problems is increasing, with self-harm and eating disorders particularly prevalent. This initial period of acute inpatient care can involve multiple assessments and interventions in order to meet physical, psychological and social needs. However, there is a distinct paucity of published literature reporting CYP service users’ experiences and outcomes of being in receipt of non-specialist inpatient care. Therefore this project aimed to undertake the preliminary work in developing a Person Centred Outcome Measure (PCOM) for this patient group by identifying the domains for a PCOM and establishing how such a measure could be implemented.
Methods:
A two phase sequential design was adopted which involved: (1) a rapid review of the literature and (2) an evaluation of experiences and outcomes through stakeholder engagement events with children and young people admitted with self-harm or eating disorders, their parents and carers, and professionals from health, social care and education.
Findings: Rapid review of the literature
• There is a lack of reported outcomes relating to CYP admitted to inpatient care with self-harm within the literature.
• Outcomes reported by CYP appear to relate to aspects of care delivery, communication and the inpatient environment;
• CYP reports predominantly relate to deficits in service provision which is recognised to negatively impact on experience and inhibit recovery and outcome.
Findings: Stakeholder workshops
• In total 96 CYP, parents and carers, and professionals participated in the stakeholder event.
• Disparities in experiences and the implied quality of being in receipt of care were identified.
• Synthesis of findings identified five domains that could be used to develop a PCOM that included: Privacy and surveillance; Receiving holistic care; Making choices and being understood through timely, relevant and appropriate communication; Working together to plan and achieve care goals; and Respect and empowerment
• Variation was evident between CYP stakeholders as to the acceptability of when and how outcomes are measured.
Conclusion:
Findings from this project provide the foundations for a PCOM for CYP admitted to acute paediatric care with self harm or eating disorders to be developed, tested, implemented and evaluated. The domains identified have the potential to be further developed and validated as an instrument with a larger and more diverse sample of CYP
Do social support and eating family meals together play a role in promoting resilience to bullying and cyberbullying in Scottish school children?
Funding for the Scottish 2018 HBSC Survey was provided by NHS Health Scotland. This work was also supported by the MRC Mental Health Data Pathfinder Award (reference MC_PC_17217).This study investigates if cyberbullying is associated with wellbeing independently of traditional bullying and if social support and eating family meals together promotes resilience by buffering adolescents against the consequences of both types of bullying. Data for 5286 eleven, thirteen and fifteen year olds participating in the cross-sectional 2018 Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were analysed. Adolescent self-report measures were used to assess traditional bullying, cyberbullying, classmate and teacher support and frequency of family meals together. Psychological wellbeing was assessed with the 5-item World Health Organization Wellbeing index. Analyses were conducted separately by gender with multilevel models, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Resilience to bullying and cyberbullying was operationalised using statistical interactions. For both genders, cyberbullying and traditional bullying measures were associated with reduced wellbeing and all social support indicators were associated with increased wellbeing. In models containing both bullying measures, frequent traditional bullying victimisation was associated with a 7.2 (95% CI: 3.4–10.1) reduction in wellbeing score for boys and a 7.2 (95% CI: 4.5–10.0) reduction for girls, while cyberbullying was associated with 10.5 (95% CI: 5.8–15.1) reduction in wellbeing score for boys and 11.1 (95% CI: 6.7–15.5) reduction for girls. For both genders adjusting for classmate support explained away the relationships between traditional bullying and wellbeing, but cyberbullying was associated negatively with wellbeing independent of social support. Only one of 12 interaction tests provided any evidence of resilience. Cyberbullying was associated with a 7.8 (95% CI: 0.2–15.4) reduction in wellbeing score for girls who ate with their family every day, and 17.3 (95% CI: 10.5–24.1) reduction for girls who ate with their families less than weekly. In conclusion, cyberbullying is a strong, albeit rare, threat to adolescent wellbeing. Social support is important for wellbeing, but its ability to buffer adolescents against the consequences of bullying may be limited.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Wintertime Spatial Distribution of Ammonia and its Emission Sources in the Great Salt Lake Region
Ammonium-containing aerosols are a major component of wintertime air pollution in many densely populated regions around the world. Especially in mountain basins, the formation of persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) can enhance particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) to levels above air quality standards. Under these conditions, PM2.5 in the Great Salt Lake region of northern Utah has been shown to be primarily composed of ammonium nitrate; however, its formation processes and sources of its precursors are not fully understood. Hence, it is key to understanding the emission sources of its gas phase precursor, ammonia (NH3). To investigate the formation of ammonium nitrate, a suite of trace gases and aerosol composition were sampled from the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during the Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS) in January and February 2017. NH3 was measured using a quantum cascade tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (QC-TILDAS), while aerosol composition, including particulate ammonium (pNH4), was measured with an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The origin of the sampled air masses was investigated using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model and combined with an NH3 emission inventory to obtain model-predicted NHx (=NH3+pNH4) enhancements. Enhancements represent the increase in NH3 mixing ratios within the last 24 h due to emissions within the model footprint. Comparison of these NHx enhancements with measured NHx from the Twin Otter shows that modelled values are a factor of 1.6 to 4.4 lower for the three major valleys in the region. Among these, the underestimation is largest for Cache Valley, an area with intensive agricultural activities. We find that one explanation for the underestimation of wintertime emissions may be the seasonality factors applied to NH3 emissions from livestock. An investigation of inter-valley exchange revealed that transport of NH3 between major valleys was limited and PM2.5 in Salt Lake Valley (the most densely populated area in Utah) was not significantly impacted by NH3 from the agricultural areas in Cache Valley. We found that in Salt Lake Valley around two thirds of NHx originated within the valley, while about 30 % originated from mobile sources and 60 % from area source emissions in the region. For Cache Valley, a large fraction of NOx potentially leading to PM2.5 formation may not be locally emitted but mixed in from other counties
The Iowa Homemaker vol.32, no.2
To a Bride, Salli Hearst, page 9
Happily Ever After, Donald C. Charles, page 10
The Bride Wore, Marilyn Bergeson and Patricia Keast, page 11
Here Comes the Bride, Marilyn Wright, page 12
Marriage and College - Yes, Gloria Sheehe, page 13
It’s All In the Family, Floramae Gates, page 14
With This Ring, Jean McGhie, page 15
Veiled In Loveliness, Evelyn Toulouse, page 16
Pots ‘n Pans, Maryann Meldrum, page 17
Proper Thing To Do, Marian Skinner, page 18
For Remembering, Marian Anderson, page 19
Weddings Without Worries, Nancy Voss, page 20
Showers, Joanne Ryals, page 21
Your Highest Hopes, Gayle Dunn, page 22
Bouquet for You, Maryann Meldrum, page 23
Your Trip to the Moon, Alane Baird, page 24
What’s New, Evelyn Toulouse and Dorothy Will, page 28
Information Please, Susan Brown and Mary Doherty, page 32
She Doesn’t Like Surprises and Neither Does He, Ruth Anderson, page 34
Breaking In the Groom, Alice Irvine, page 37
Trends, Joanne Ryals, page 3
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