Beyond the Money: Expected (and unexpected) Consequences of America\u27s War on Drugs

The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level survey of our nation’s prohibition policies within the context of the costs of the law enforcement efforts upholding those policies. The discussion will offer a cursory review of the economic expense of the war on drugs with tangential coverage of the constitutional, institutional and intangible expenses that are inseparable from an assessment of the costs of America’s drug control efforts. Part I provides a historical review of illicit drug use in the United States, while Part II supplies the evolution of the country’s efforts to codify its drug control policies. Finally, Part III contains a survey of the costs of the current war on drugs

Disability Rights in an Ableist Health Care Environment: How do Women with Disabilities Understand and Address Systemic Barriers to Preventative Community Health Services?

This thesis explores how women with disabilities understand and address their rights to preventative health care within a context of systemic barriers. As the investigator of an empirical study consisting of interviews of five women with disabilities (WWDs) who participated in a barrier-free cancer screening clinic day, I began by exploring the context within which WWDs must operate as they strive to obtain preventative health services to which they are entitled. To this end, a literature review revealed numerous barriers to health care services for WWDs across jurisdictions. In addition, human rights and accessibility legislation, primarily within the Canadian jurisdiction was explored, along with key cases related to health care access for persons with disabilities (PWDs) and WWDs. The interview data was analyzed according to grounded theory methodology, using a feminist theoretical framework and a critique of the literature related to ableism, identity development and rights consciousness. The data, supported by the literature, confirms the existence of multiple barriers to health care for WWDs, and the existence of health care ableism. Most significantly, the data suggests that health care access for WWDs centers around their relationship with their rights to access versus their relationship with the access barriers. I propose a model of rights consciousness, composed of three stages of identity: Imposed Identity, Formative Identity and Integrated Identity. Based on this model, the stages of identity development influence WWDs’ recognition of exclusion and rights infringement related to health care, as well as their decision and degree of support required to act upon it

Simplicity of algebras associated to \'etale groupoids

We prove that the C*-algebra of a second-countable, \'etale, amenable groupoid is simple if and only if the groupoid is topologically principal and minimal. We also show that if G has totally disconnected unit space, then the associated complex *-algebra introduced by Steinberg is simple if and only if the interior of the isotropy subgroupoid of G is equal to the unit space and G is minimal.Comment: The introduction has been updated and minor changes have been made throughout. To appear in Semigroup Foru

Poets, Patrons, and Printers

Cynthia J. Brown explains why the advent of print in the late medieval period brought about changes in relationships among poets, patrons, and printers which led to a new conception of authorship.Examining such paratextual elements of manuscripts as title pages, colophons, and illustrations as well as such literary strategies as experimentation with narrative voice, Brown traces authors' attempts to underscore their narrative presence in their works and to displace patrons from their role as sponsors and protectors of the book. Her accounts of the struggles of poets, including Jean Lemaire, Jean Bouchet, Jean Molinet, and Pierre Gringore, over the design, printing, and sale of their books demonstrate how authors secured the status of literary proprietor during the transition from the culture of script and courtly patronage to that of print capitalism

The Legacy of Military Necessity in Italy: War and Memory in Cassino and Monte Sole

The rise of Benito Mussolini’s Fascist party and its disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany remains one of the most well-known parts of Italy’s Second World War experience, at least in English historical literature. The war did not end when the Italians surrendered to the Allies in September 1943. Military histories of what followed focus on the bitter campaign waged between the Germans and the Allies on the Italian peninsula. Much less is known about the impact of war on the Italian nation and its civilians. From the Italian perspective, the war was a defining yet difficult period that remains controversial seventy years on. The war ripped the country and its people apart - both figuratively and literally. This dissertation examines the 1943-45 war and its impact by comparing two Italian regions, Cassino and Monte Sole. Both Cassino and Monte Sole were unfortunate enough to be the sites of the major clashes and protracted battles of the Italian campaign. The comparative approach reveals how the priority of winning affected respective German and Allied policies toward Italian civilians. The issue of military necessity led both sides to make a number of decisions, sometimes controversial, that affected the Italian people. The most well-known examples are the Allied decision to bomb the Abbey of Montecassino and the German massacre of nearly 800 unarmed women, children, and elderly at Monte Sole. This study reveals that these two events are only a fraction of the story. The emphasis on these two major events overshadows the plethora of Italian experiences that emerged from the interaction between civilian and soldier in Italy. Allied and German policy toward the Italians – both civilian and soldier – had a tremendous impact on how Italians attach meaning to their war. The comparison and contrast between what happened and the resulting memory in Cassino and Monte Sole offers a more textured look at how Italians experienced and remember their war