Особливості вербалізації емоційно-забарвленої лексики в англомовному парентальному дискурсі (The Peculiarities of Verbalization of Emotionally Marked Lexemes in the English Parental discourse)

У статті йдеться про емоційно-забарвлену лексику у сучасному англомовному парентальному дискурсі та осо- бливості її вербалізації залежно від конфігурації ролей мовців. (The integration of humanities and social sciences and the expanding of the interests’ sphere of the linguistic studies reorients some modern linguistic studies towards the discourse analysis and confirms the urgent need to explore the means of verbalization of emotionally marked lexemes in the modern English parental discourse. The English parental discourse presents a communication of interlocutors connected by family ties; its main features are the absence of the official regulation, consecution of the communicative moves’ transmission, dependence on the gender, age and status-role configuration. The emotionally marked lexemes in the English parental discourse are verbalized according to the addresser-addressee configuration of the speakers’ roles «PARENTS–CHILDREN» and «GUARDIAN–WARD». The emotionally marked lexemes, which are used to describe feelings and to render the emotional shades in the evaluation of things, people and deeds, are called expressives. The expressives in the addresser-addressee configuration of the speakers’ roles «GUARDIAN–WARD» are verbalized mostly by the vulgarisms, abusive vocabulary, colloquialisms, synonymic variants of the vocabulary of common use in the negative meaning. The expressives in the addresser-addressee configuration of the speakers’ roles «PARENTS–CHILDREN» are verbalized mostly by the diminutives and the method on words’ making with the help of diminutive suffixes.

Integration of flux tower data and remotely sensed data into the SCOPE simulator: A Bayesian approach:abstract

Quantification of gross primary production (GPP) together with the continuous monitoring of i ts temporal variations are indispensable to obtain reliable data for indicating the capacity of f orests to sequester carbon. GPP can be quantified using two sources: (a) process-based simulator (PBS); and (b) flux tower measurements of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. Additionally, remotely sensed optical data, which can be linked to the vegetation properties, carry valuable information to express canopy photosynthesis (i.e., GPP). A PBS has an advantage over flux tower and remotely sensed optical data because it can be run at time scales beyond the limit of direct measurements. Simulation of GPP by PBS at a high accuracy, however, depends upon how well the parameterization is achieved. A process-based simulator SCOPE (Soil-Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy balance) links top of canopy observations of radiance with land surface processes (that include GPP simulation). Some parameters of SCOPE are difficult to obtain from field observations. Reliable estimates of parameters can, however, be obtained using calibration against observations of output. In this study, we present a Bayesian framework to calibrate SCOPE simulator against the estimates of GPP (separated from NEE), and the top of canopy reflectance retrieved from the remote sensing images. This framework has been tested for spruce dominated forest site at Bílý Kříž, Czech Republic. We focus on the retrieval of parameters, on which GPP are expected to be most sensitive, such as leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf water content, leaf dry matter content, senescent material content, maximum carboxylation capacity, and stomatal conductance. A Bayesian framework also allowed to estimate the uncertainties of both the SCOPE parameters and the simulated GPP, which is important in the sense that it helps to determine how much confidence can be placed in the results of forest carbon-related studies

Determination of EGFR gene somatic mutations in tissues and plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Activating mutations in the EGFR gene influence cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and increases metastatic ability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells; they have a significant impact on the choice of medical therapy of NSCLC. The use of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors requires performance of appropriate genetic tests in NSCLC patients. The aim of this study was to develop a real-time PCRbased diagnostic test-system for rapid and cost-effective analysis of EGFR mutations in paraffin blocks and plasma and to perform comparative estimation of diagnostic characteristics features of real-time wild type blocking PCR and digital PCR. The study included 156 patients with different degrees of lung adenocarcinoma differentiation. A simple and efficient real-time PCR-based method for detection of L858R activating mutation and del19 deletion in the EGFR gene in DNA isolated from paraffin blocks or blood has been developed. The test system for EGFR mutations has been validated using 411 samples of paraffin blocks. The proposed system demonstrated high efficiency for DNA testing from paraffin blocks: a concordance with results of testing by means a Therascreen® EGFR RGQ PCR Kit (Qiagen, Germany) was 100%. Applicability of this test system has been also demonstrated for detection of mutations in plasma

Determination of EGFR gene somatic mutations in tissues and plasma of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

The presence of activating mutations in the EGFR gene influences cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and increases metastatic ability; it has a significant impact on the choice of medical therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The use of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors requires performance of appropriate genetic tests. The aim of this study was to design a real-time PCR-based diagnostic kit for fast and cheap of EGFR mutations testing in paraffin blocks and plasma, and kit validation using samples from patients with NSCLC, and also comparative estimation of diagnostic features of real-time PCR with wild type blocking and digital PCR for mutation testing in blood plasma. The study included 156 patients with various types of adenocarcinoma differentiation. It was designed a simple and efficient real-time PCR-based method of detecting L858R activating mutation and del19 deletion in the EGFR gene for DNA isolated from paraffin blocks. Kit for EGFR mutations was validated using 411 samples of paraffin blocks. The proposed system showed high efficiency for DNA testing from paraffin blocks: a concordance with results of testing with therascreen® EGFR RGQ PCR Kit ("Qiagen", Germany) was 100%. It has been shown the possibility of using this test system for the detection of mutations in plasma

The ethnic-specific spectrum of germline nucleotide variants in DNA damage response and repair genes in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients of Tatar descent

© 2018 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved. The Russian population consists of more than 100 ethnic groups, presenting a unique opportunity for the identification of hereditary pathogenic mutations. To gain insight into the landscape of heredity pathogenic variants, we employed targeted next-generation sequencing to analyze the germline mutation load in the DNA damage response and repair genes of hereditary breast and ovary cancer syndrome (HBOCS) patients of Tatar ethnicity, which represents ∼4% of the total Russian population. Several pathogenic mutations were identified in DNA double-strand break repair genes, and the spectrum of these markers in Tatar patients varied from that previously reported for patients of Slavic ancestry. The CDK12 gene encodes cyclin-dependent kinase 12, the key transcriptional regulator of the genes involved in DNA damage response and repair. CDK12 analysis in a cohort of HBOCS patients of Tatar decent identified a c.1047-2A>G nucleotide variant in the CDK12 gene in 8 of the 106 cases (7.6%). The c.1047-2A>G nucleotide variant was identified in 1 of the 93 (1.1%) HBOCS patients with mixed or unknown ethnicity and in 1 of the 238 (0.42%) healthy control patients of mixed ethnicity (Tatars and non-Tatars) (p = 0.0066, OR = 11.18, CI 95% = 1.53-492.95, Tatar and non-Tatar patients vs. healthy controls). In a group of mixed ethnicity patients from Tatarstan, with sporadic breast and/or ovarian cancer, this nucleotide variant was detected in 2 out of 93 (2.2%) cases. In a cohort of participants of Slavic descent from Moscow, comprising of 95 HBOCS patients, 80 patients with sporadic breast and/or ovarian cancer, and 372 healthy controls, this nucleotide variant was absent. Our study demonstrates a strong predisposition for the CDK12 c.1047-2A>G nucleotide variant in HBOCS in patients of Tatar ethnicity and identifies CDK12 as a novel gene involved in HBOCS susceptibility

Метахронное развитие рака молочной железы и рака предстательной железы (клинический случай)

The formation of primary multiple malignant neoplasms, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, in one patient is a rather rare combination. Treatment and diagnostic strategies in such cases require a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, there are no approved recommendations for the management of patients with a combination of these diseases. This manuscript presents a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of breast and prostate cancer in one patient.Одновременное развитие первично множественных злокачественных новообразований, таких как рак молочной железы и рак предстательной железы, у одного пациента является редким случаем. Лечебно-диагностическая тактика в подобных ситуациях требует мультидисциплинарного подхода. В настоящий момент утвержденных рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с комбинацией этих заболеваний нет. В данной работе представлен клинический случай диагностики и лечения рака молочной железы и рака предстательной железы у одного пациента

Structure from motion photogrammetry in forestry : a review

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe adoption of Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) is transforming the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing (RS) data in forestry. SfM photogrammetry enables surveys with little cost and technical expertise. We present the theoretical principles and practical considerations of this technology and show opportunities that SfM photogrammetry offers for forest practitioners and researchers.Recent FindingsOur examples of key research indicate the successful application of SfM photogrammetry in forestry, in an operational context and in research, delivering results that are comparable to LiDAR surveys. Reviewed studies have identified possibilities for the extraction of biophysical forest parameters from airborne and terrestrial SfM point clouds and derived 2D data in area-based approaches (ABA) and individual tree approaches. Additionally, increases in the spatial and spectral resolution of sensors available for SfM photogrammetry enable forest health assessment and monitoring. The presented research reveals that coherent 3D data and spectral information, as provided by the SfM workflow, promote opportunities to derive both structural and physiological attributes at the individual tree crown (ITC) as well as stand levels.SummaryWe highlight the potential of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and consumer-grade cameras for terrestrial SfM-based surveys in forestry. Offering several spatial products from a single sensor, the SfM workflow enables foresters to collect their own fit-for-purpose RS data. With the broad availability of non-expert SfM software, we provide important practical considerations for the collection of quality input image data to enable successful photogrammetric surveys