Інтертекстуальність та гіпертекстуальні трансформації в турецьких народних оповідях

In this paper, some of the Turkish minstrel tales are analyzed in the frame of Gérard Genette’s ‘palimpsests’ approach. In the transtextuality category; the minstrel tales demonstrate both intertextual relations and hypertextual transformations. In terms of intertextuality, the tales present self-conscious intertextual relations by referring to other texts. The paper focuses on that in terms of hypertextuality, the mistrel tales transform the other texts by the process of reduction, extension, amplification and so on. Because of this process, the structure, the plot and the meaning of the previous text is transformed. As a result, the Turkish minstrel tales, as oral literary texts, can actively have role in intertextual relations as hypertexts.Türk halk hikâyelerine Fransız anlatıbilimci Gérard Genette’in “palempsest” imgesi ile yaklaşıldığında, halk hikâyelerinin ötemetinsellik sınıflandırmasında “metinlerarasılık” ve “ana metinsellik” ilişkilerini yansıttıkları görülmektedir. Halk hikâyeleri, göndermeler yoluyla bir başka metni somut olarak içinde barındırarak metinlerarasılık ilişkisi kurmaktadır. Bunun yanında, diğer sözlü ve yazılı metinleri biçimsel ve izleksel ya da anlamsal olarak dönüştürerek anlatısını yeniden kompoze etmek noktasında ana metinsellik ilişkisini kurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk halk hikâyelerinin ana metinsellik dönüşümleri biçimsel ve anlamsal dönüşümler yoluyla incelenecektir. Türk halk hikâyeleri odağında yapılan çalışmalarda, genellikle kaynak ve etki alanı arayışları ile karşılaştırmalı eleştiri yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Türk halk hikâyelerine metinlerarasılık ile yaklaşmak, anlatıların anlamsal ve yapısal olarak nasıl katmanlaştığını görmek ve anlatıyı metin olarak çözümlemek açısından somut veriler sağlayan bir yöntemdir

Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the Kırşehir Block and the Central Anatolian Ophiolites, Turkey

In Central and Western Anatolia two continent-derived massifs simultaneously underthrusted an oceanic lithosphere in the Cretaceous and ended up with very contrasting metamorphic grades: high pressure, low temperature in the Tavsanli zone and the low pressure, high temperature in the Kirsehir Block. To assess why, we reconstruct the Cretaceous paleogeography and plate configuration of Central Anatolia using structural, metamorphic, and geochronological constraints and Africa-Europe plate reconstructions. We review and provide new Ar-40/Ar-39 and U/Pb ages from Central Anatolian metamorphic and magmatic rocks and ophiolites and show new paleomagnetic data on the paleo-ridge orientation in a Central Anatolian Ophiolite. Intraoceanic subduction that formed within the Neotethys around 100-90 Ma along connected N-S and E-W striking segments was followed by overriding oceanic plate extension. Already during suprasubduction zone ocean spreading, continental subduction started. We show that the complex geology of central and southern Turkey can at first order be explained by a foreland-propagating thrusting of upper crustal nappes derived from a downgoing, dominantly continental lithosphere: the Kirsehir Block and Tavsanli zone accreted around 85 Ma, the Afyon zone around 65 Ma, and Taurides accretion continued until after the middle Eocene. We find no argument for Late Cretaceous subduction initiation within a conceptual "Inner Tauride Ocean" between the Kirsehir Block and the Afyon zone as widely inferred. We propose that the major contrast in metamorphic grade between the Kirsehir Block and the Tavsanli zone primarily results from a major contrast in subduction obliquity and the associated burial rates, higher temperature being reached upon higher subduction obliquity.European Research Council ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO

A Paleozoic fore-arc complex in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Petrology, geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic composition of paragneisses from the Xilingol Complex in Inner Mongolia, China

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the largest and most complex accretionary collages and responsible for considerable Phanerozoic juvenile crustal growth. The Xilingol Complex is a key tectonic unit within the eastern CAOB and consists of strongly deformed quartz-feldspathic gneisses with lenticular or quasi-lamellar amphibolites. Whether the complex in the belt represents Precambrian basement is controversial and here a combined analysis of petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of quartz-feldspathic gneisses from the complex is reported. The rocks belong to upper amphibolite facies and three stages of metamorphism are recognized based on mineral assemblages: prograde metamorphism (Bt-I + Ms-I + Pl + Qz + Mag), peak metamorphism (Alm + Sil + Kfs), and retrograde metamorphism (appearance of Bt-II + Ms-II). Both Precambrian and Paleozoic age populations are identified from each sample. The Precambrian zircons are sourced from magmatic rocks and the crystals display a wide range of 207Pb/206Pb ages from 3141 ± 17 Ma to 837 ± 24 Ma, and significant variation in εHf(t) values from − 17.84 to + 10.57 with TDM2 model ages from 3209 to 1389 Ma. The Paleozoic zircons have 206Pb/238U ages from 494 ± 14 Ma to 402 ± 10 Ma, variation in εHf(t) values from − 12.82 to + 7.72 and TDM2 model ages from 2252 to 960 Ma. The biotite 40Ar-39Ar dating yields a plateau age of 301.2 ± 1.9 Ma with a low temperature step age 288.1 ± 1.7 Ma. The samples have a wide range of whole-rock SiO2 (63.7–89.3%) and Al2O3 contents (5.66–16.3%), with Fe2O3 T varying from 0.60% to 6.06%. All of them have trace element compositions consistent with those of the upper continental crust. The protoliths of paragneisses in the Xilingol Complex are wackes and litharenites, representing a part of fore-arc sedimentary sequence (> 319 Ma) with a major phase of diagenesis age between ca. 387 and 382 Ma in an active continental margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent. The Precambrian zircons from the complex are proposed to have been originally derived from the South Mongolian or those similar microcontinents in the CAOB. These microcontinents have been originally derived from the Tarim craton, instead of the Siberia or North China cratons or Gondwanaland. The prograde biotites from the paragneisses with ages of ca. 312–301 Ma recorded the beginning of the accretionary wedge-continent collage during the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, which may last to ca. 282 Ma recorded by the retrograde biotites. Detrital materials from the South Mongolian microcontinent and the Baolidao arc instead of the North China craton were deposited in the fore-arc basin indicating the presence of the Solonker zone separating the northern subduction zone from the southern subduction zone in the CAOB. The CAOB is formed as the model of multiple subduction zones with different subduction polarities

Petrology and Metamorphic P-T Paths of Metamorphic Zones in the Huangyuan Group, Central Qilian Block, NW China

The Central Qilian Block is a Precambrian block in the Qilian Orogen, which has long drawn international attention for the study of orogeny and continental dynamics. The Huangyuan Group in the Datong area is one of the Precambrian metamorphic basement units in the Central Qilian Block and reflects metamorphism in the Barrovian garnet zone and sillimanite zone from south to north. Based on detailed fieldwork, this study presents a systematic study of petrography, mineral chemistry and phase equilibria of schists and gneisses from the two metamorphic zones. The garnet metamorphic zone is composed of micaschist, garnet-bearing micaschist and felsic leptynite, with interlayered plagioclase amphibolite. The sillimanite metamorphic zone consists of garnet-bearing biotite micaschist, sillimanite-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss and felsic leptynite. Garnet from the garnet metamorphic zone shows growth zoning with increasing almandine and pyrope and decreasing spessartine from core to rim. Garnet from the sillimanite metamorphic zone is almost homogeneous. Towards the outer rim, the contents of almandine and pyrope slightly decrease and grossular slightly increase. Biotite in both metamorphic zones is ferro-biotite. Plagioclase is oligoclase in garnet metamorphic zone and andesine in sillimanite metamorphic zone. Phase equilibrium modeling of a sample from garnet metamorphic zone resulted in a clockwise P-T path with a prograde stage (4.5–5.0 kbar, 520–530 °C), a peak P stage (9.8–10.2 kbar, 560–570 °C), a stage of thermal relaxation (8.0–8.5 kbar, 580–590 °C) and finally a retrograde stage (6.8–7.0 kbar, 560–580 °C). Thermodynamic modeling of a sample from the sillimanite metamorphic zone indicates a prograde stage (5.5–6.0 kbar, 540–550 °C) and a peak stage (7.8–8.5 kbar, 660–690 °C). The results indicate that the Huangyuan Group experienced medium-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism, which resulted from continental-continental collision between the Qaidam Block and the Central Qilian Block

Circa 2.5 Ga granitoids in the eastern North China craton: Melting from ca. 2.7 Ga accretionary crust

The Neoarchean crust-mantle interaction and crustal evolution of the North China craton are controversial and are instructive of the processes of continental crust growth and cratonic evolution. We present here a systematic study of the petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of Neoarchean granitoids from the eastern North China craton to elucidate their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The rocks were collected from the Jielingkou, Anziling, and Qinhuangdao plutons, and an amphibole-monzoporphyry dike in the Qinhuangdao pluton. Samples from the Jielingkou pluton, consisting dominantly of monzodiorite and diorite with minor monzonite and granodiorite, contain 52.2-64.4 wt% SiO2, 2.46-4.52 wt% MgO (Mg# = 0.41-0.54), 3.76-5.77 wt% Na2O, and K2O/Na2O ratios of 0.29-0.71. The Anziling pluton samples, comprising syenite and monzonite, display slightly higher SiO2 (60.9-66.7 wt%) and K2O/Na2O ratios (0.70-1.11), but lower MgO (1.54-2.33 wt%) and Mg# (0.40-0.47) values, compared to the Jielingkou rocks. The Qinhuangdao pluton samples, consisting mainly of granite and minor syenite and granodiorite, with some diorite and monzoporphyry dikes, are characterized by the highest SiO2 values (75.7-76.9 wt%) and K2O/Na2O ratios (0.73-1.41) and lowest MgO content (0.14-0.32 wt%) among the studied samples. The amphibole-monzoporphyry dike has intermediate SiO2 (56.3 wt%), high MgO (3.79 wt%), Na2O (5.55 wt%), and Mg# (0.45), and low K2O/Na2O ratio (0.66). Zircon U-Pb laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry dating showed that all plutons have a ca. 2.5 Ga crystallization age. Zircon crystals have mildly positive εHf(t) values (+0.24 to +5.45) and a depleted mantle model age (TDM1) of ca. 2.7 Ga. We interpret the granitoid rocks as sanukitoid-related, Closepet-type granites, potassium-rich adakites, and potassium-rich granitoid rocks that crystallized in the late Neoarchean (2.5 Ga) and were derived from partial melting of mantle peridotite that was metasomatized with the addition of slab melt, thickened alkali-rich juvenile lower crust and juvenile metamorphosed tonalitic rocks. Mantle plume activity ca. 2.7 Ga is thought to have been responsible for the early Neoarchean tectono-thermal event in the eastern North China craton. This activity resulted in a major crustal accretion period in the craton, with subordinate crustal reworking at its margins. A steep subduction regime between ca. 2.55 Ga and ca. 2.48 Ga led to the remelting of older crustal material, with subordinate crustal accretion by magma upwelling from a depleted mantle source resulting in late Neoarchean underplating. This crustal reworking and underplating resulted in the widespread ca. 2.5 Ga plutons in the eastern North China craton. Continental crust growth in the North China craton thus occurred in multiple stages, in response to mantle plume activity, as well as protracted subduction-related granitoid magmatism during the Neoarchean

Geochemical and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic study of metasedimentary rocks from the Huangyuan Group of the Central Qilian block (NW China): Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction of Rodinia

We present a systematic study of micaschists and felsic gneisses from the Huangyuan Group of the Central Qilian block in NW China, with aims to unravel the connection with the Rodinia supercontinent. The micaschists have detrital zircon ages of 2895–928 Ma that peaking at 1.80–1.40 Ga. They show strongly increasing zircon εHf(t) values of −8.1 to +12.1 from 1.6 Ga to 1.4 Ga. Detrital zircon ages from the felsic gneisses are dominantly 960–913 Ma with εHf(t) values of −0.1 to −10.7. The micaschists have a wide range of whole-rock major element compositions, and the felsic gneisses have higher SiO2 contents, combined with lower other major element contents than those of the micaschists. All samples have trace element compositions consistent with upper continental crustal origin. The protoliths of the micaschists are dominantly shales and minor wackes with maximum depositional ages from ca. 1317 to 928 Ma. The protoliths of the felsic gneisses are mostly wackes with a maximum depositional age of ca. 927 Ma. The source materials for these metasedimentary rocks originated from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks. The variable maximum depositional ages of the metasedimentary rocks in the Huangyuan Group indicate that their protoliths constituted a sedimentary series with a long history of deposition starting at ca. 1317 Ma in an oceanic island arc-related basin that developed through a transitional continental arc-related basin into an active continental marginal basin at ca. 927 Ma. It is inferred that the 1795–1321 Ma detritus was sourced from juvenile arc crust at the margin of the Indian or the Western Australian craton. The source rocks for 1317–913 Ma detritus were arc magmatic rocks formed during assembly of Rodinia. A sequence of initial intra-oceanic subduction (ca. 1317–967 Ma) and continuous oceanic crust-continent subduction with formation of a mature continental arc (ca. 967–896 Ma) at the margin of Rodinia during the formation of the Central Qilian block is suggested

Petrology of Garnet Amphibolites from the Hualong Group:Implications for Metamorphic Evolution of the Qilian Orogen, NW China

The Qilian Orogen marks the junction of the North China, South China and Tarim cratons. The mechanism of continental growth during the formation of the orogen remains unclear. Based on detailed fieldwork, we present a systematic study of petrography, mineral chemistry and phase equilibria of garnet amphibolites from the Hualong Group, which represents the Precambrian basement in the southern accretionary belt of the Qilian Orogen. The garnet amphibolites mainly consist of amphibole, plagioclase, garnet and quartz, with minor pyroxene, biotite and ilmenite. A peak stage of upper amphibolite facies to low-temperature granulite facies metamorphism and retrograde metamorphism in the amphibolite facies affected the samples. Garnet has a homogeneous composition of Alm66–71Grs14–17Prp9–12Sps3–5, amphibole is ferro-hornblende, biotite belongs to the ferro-biotite species and pyroxene is dominated by orthopyroxene with few clinopyroxene. Pseudosection modeling of the garnet amphibolite samples indicates clockwise P-T paths. The samples witness peak metamorphism at conditions of ~4.9–6.3 kbar and ~755–820 ºC in the upper amphibolite facies to lowtemperature granulite facies, and retrograde cooling and decompression at conditions of ~2.5–3.1 kbar and ~525–545 ºC. It is inferred that peak metamorphism with high temperature and low pressure occurred at ca. 450 Ma during northward subduction of the South Qilian oceanic crust beneath the central Qilian Block. When continental collision occurred between the central Qilian and the Qaidam blocks, the Hualong Block was accreted onto the South Qilian accretionary complex and experienced amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism at ca. 440 Ma

Tectonic affinity and evolution of the Precambrian Qilian block:Insights from petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Hualong Group in the Qilian Orogen, NW China

The Qilian block is a Precambrian block in the Qilian Orogen, which marks the junction of the North China, South China and Tarim cratons. The mechanism of continental growth for the Qilian block remains unclear and several models have been proposed. We present a systematic study of petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of paragneisses and intermediate to basic intrusions from the Hualong Group, which represents the lower part of Precambrian basement of the block. The protoliths of paragneisses are wackes with a maximum deposition age of ca. 900 Ma formed at an active continental margin during assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. Their clastic input was derived from a single source granitic material of ca. 922 Ma and the magmas of their source rocks mainly came from reworked Paleoproterozoic crustal sources. The sediments were deposited close to source with a minor degree of weathering and limited sorting. Cooling after amphibolite facies metamorphism affected the paragneisses at 439.6 ± 4.9 Ma as suggested by a biotite 40Ar/39Ar age. Lenticular quartz diorites with a LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb age of 900 ± 22 Ma are adakitic rocks formed by partial melting of lower crustal material. The quasi-lamellar hornblendites have a zircon U-Pb age of 469 ± 2 Ma and a biotite 40Ar/39Ar age of 465.4 ± 3.1 Ma. They were derived from a subduction-related metasomatic mantle and underwent fast cooling during their ascent. It is inferred that the Qilian block is a continental fragment that rifted from the South China craton during break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, which resulted in formation of the North Qilian ocean and the South Qilian ocean as two branches of the global early Paleozoic ocean. The Hualong block, represented by the Hualong Group, is a fragment broken away from the Qilian block during this stage and situated in the South Qilian ocean. Combining our results with existing data, we identify a sequence of seafloor spreading related to a mantle plume activity (ca. 600–500 Ma), northward intra-oceanic subduction (ca. 540–469 Ma), oceanic crust-continent subduction (ca. 470–446 Ma) and continent-continent collision (ca. 446–440 Ma) between the Qilian block and the Qaidam block