Исследование методов декомпозиции моделей системы функционирования книжно-журнальных изданий с измененяемым информационным наполнением

In the article solved the problem of decomposition of the synthesized model of the functioning the book and magazine editions and introduced the notion of pseudoorthogonality transformation of synthesis and transformation of decomposition

Whole Genome Analysis of Epidemiologically Closely Related Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

The change of the bacteria from colonizers to pathogens is accompanied by a drastic change in expression profiles. These changes may be due to environmental signals or to mutational changes. We therefore compared the whole genome sequences of four sets of S. aureus isolates. Three sets were from the same patients. The isolates of each pair (S1800/S1805, S2396/S2395, S2398/S2397, an isolate from colonization and an isolate from infection, respectively) were obtained within <30 days of each other and the isolate from infection caused skin infections. The isolates were then compared for differences in gene content and SNPs. In addition, a set of isolates from a colonized pig and a farmer from the same farm at the same time (S0462 and S0460) were analyzed. The isolates pair S1800/S1805 showed a difference in a prophage, but these are easily lost or acquired. However, S1805 contained an integrative conjugative element not present in S1800. In addition, 92 SNPs were present in a variety of genes and the isolates S1800 and S1805 were not considered a pair. Between S2395/S2396 two SNPs were present: one was in an intergenic region and one was a synonymous mutation in a putative membrane protein. Between S2397/S2398 only one synonymous mutation in a putative lipoprotein was found. The two farm isolates were very similar and showed 12 SNPs in genes that belong to a number of different functional categories. However, we cannot pinpoint any gene that explains the change from carrier status to infection. The data indicate that differences between the isolate from infection and the colonizing isolate for S2395/S2396 and S2397/S2398 exist as well as between isolates from different hosts, but S1800/S1805 are not clonal

Honeybees balance essential fatty acids and suffer cognitively from deficiency

Abstract Background and aims. Epidemiological data on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are scarce. In this study, we determined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of AIH patients in the Netherlands (16.7 million inhabitants). Methods. Clinical characteristics were collected from 1313 AIH patients (78% females) from 31 centers, including all eight academic centers in the Netherlands. Additional data on ethnicity, family history and symptoms were obtained by the use of a questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of AIH was 18.3 (95% confidential interval [CI]: 17.3-19.4) per 100,000 with an annual incidence of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.5-2) in adults. An incidence peak was found in middle-aged women. At diagnosis, 56% of patients had fibrosis and 12% cirrhosis in liver biopsy. Overall, 1% of patients developed HCC and 3% of patients underwent liver transplantation. Overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis was found in 9% and 6%, respectively. The clinical course did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian patients. Other autoimmune diseases were found in 26% of patients. Half of the patients reported persistent AIH-related symptoms despite treatment with a median treatment period of 8 years (range 1-44 years). Familial occurrence was reported in three cases. Conclusion. This is the largest epidemiological study of AIH in a geographically defined region and demonstrates that the prevalence of AIH in the Netherlands is uncommon. Although familial occurrence of AIH is extremely rare, our twin data may point towards a genetic predisposition. The high percentage of patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis at diagnosis urges the need of more awareness for AIH

Retrospective Evaluation of Control Measures for Contacts of Patient with Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever

Measures had substantial effects on contacts and household members

Hadamard codes which have an even number of ones in each half

This paper considers a particular case of the problem of binary codes with the constraint that the codes restricted to cerl3in subsets of columns must be contained in particular codes of the shorter lengths. Here we consider codes of even length 2 k, and of minimum distance ~ d. However, the code obtained by restricting to the first k positions must have even weight and at the same time the code obtained by restricting to the last k positions also must have even weight. If k = 2 n, so that the length is 4 n, n odd, and d = 2 n, we prove that the code has at most 8 n - 4 codewords. Further, 8n - 4 is attainable if and only if a Hadamard matrix of size 4 n exists. For n = 3, this yields 20 binary words of length 12 and distance ~ 6. where the number of 1 s in the first six and in the last six positions is even for every codeword in the code. This permits a file·transfer protocol control ftmction assignment for personal computers to be chosen for 20 control functions using what amounts to" pairs of upper-case alphabetic ASCII characters. In this case, the Hamming distance between the binary fomlS of every tWO different control fwtctions is at least six