56 research outputs found
A New Combination in Acmispon (Fabaceae: Loteae) for California
The new combination Acmispon argophyllus (A.Gray) Brouillet var. niveus (Greene) Brouillet is made
Relating Fragile States to Social and Human Fragilities
Fragile States is a way of naming this particular category of states that have weak performance, insufficient service delivery, weak administrative and government power, and lack of legal rules. Little consideration is usually made to the fact that their own societies may also be fragile and easily jeopardised by inappropriate economic measures or external events. Poverty traps and social exclusion, unjust inequalities with lack of equity, feelings of insecurity and vulnerability, usually undermine the social fabric. Moreover, the people bear their own internal fragilities, which are based on the lack of capabilities and recognition, and interfere in the relationships between the groups that constitute the society. Therefore, dealing with the issue of fragility requires to consider various decision levels, from the personal one to the State level. Such an approach could allow fragile states to conceive preventive policies that would avoid the surge of a political crisis resulting from the combination of social conflict and individual failure.La notion dâEtats fragiles permet de caracteÌriser des pays dont le pouvoir de gouvernement est faible, le cadre juridique et leÌgal insuffisant, lâadministration peu efficace et, en conseÌquence, la deÌlivrance de services publics insuffisante. Mais elle prend peu en compte le fait que leurs propres socieÌteÌs peuvent aussi eÌtre fragiles et facilement deÌtruites par des mesures economiques inapproprieÌes ou par des eÌveÌnements exteÌrieurs. Ainsi, les trappes aÌ pauvreteÌ, les structures dâineÌgaliteÌ peÌrennes, lâabsence dâeÌquiteÌ, de meÌme que lâexclusion sociale, le sentiment dâinseÌcuriteÌ et de vulneÌrabiliteÌ, ont tous pour effet de miner la coheÌsion sociale. De plus, les gens eux-meÌmes, au sein dâune socieÌteÌ donneÌe, portent aussi leur propres fragiliteÌs internes, baseÌes sur un manque de capabiliteÌ et de reconnaissance, et ceci interfeÌre dans les relations sociales. Si bien que si lâon veut aborder le probleÌme de la fragiliteÌ dans toute sa dimension, il faut alors prendre en compte lâarticulation des diffeÌrents niveaux dâanalyse ouÌ cette fragiliteÌ se deÌploie, du niveau personnel au niveau propre aÌ lâEtat. LâinteÌreÌt dâune telle deÌmarche est quâelle permet aux Etats fragiles de concevoir des mesures de politique preÌventives qui leur permettraient dâeÌviter lâapparition de crises politiques graves, comme conseÌquence de la combinaison de situations sociales conflictuelles et dâeÌchecs individualiseÌs
Encephalopathy induced by Alzheimer brain inoculation in a non-human primate.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by cognitive alterations, cerebral atrophy and neuropathological lesions including neuronal loss, accumulation of misfolded and aggregated ÎČ-amyloid peptides (AÎČ) and tau proteins. Iatrogenic induction of AÎČ is suspected in patients exposed to pituitary-derived hormones, dural grafts, or surgical instruments, presumably contaminated with AÎČ. Induction of AÎČ and tau lesions has been demonstrated in transgenic mice after contamination with Alzheimer's disease brain homogenates, with very limited functional consequences. Unlike rodents, primates naturally express AÎČ or tau under normal conditions and attempts to transmit Alzheimer pathology to primates have been made for decades. However, none of earlier studies performed any detailed functional assessments. For the first time we demonstrate long term memory and learning impairments in a non-human primate (Microcebus murinus) following intracerebral injections with Alzheimer human brain extracts. Animals inoculated with Alzheimer brain homogenates displayed progressive cognitive impairments (clinical tests assessing cognitive and motor functions), modifications of neuronal activity (detected by electroencephalography), widespread and progressive cerebral atrophy (in vivo MRI assessing cerebral volume loss using automated voxel-based analysis), neuronal loss in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (post mortem stereology). They displayed parenchymal and vascular AÎČ depositions and tau lesions for some of them, in regions close to the inoculation sites. Although these lesions were sparse, they were never detected in control animals. Tau-positive animals had the lowest performances in a memory task and displayed the greatest neuronal loss. Our study is timely and important as it is the first one to highlight neuronal and clinical dysfunction following inoculation of Alzheimer's disease brain homogenates in a primate. Clinical signs in a chronic disease such as Alzheimer take a long time to be detectable. Documentation of clinical deterioration and/or dysfunction following intracerebral inoculations with Alzheimer human brain extracts could lead to important new insights about Alzheimer initiation processes
NEW REPORTS OF EURYBIA AND ASTER S.STR. (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) FROM CALIFORNIA, IDAHO, AND WYOMING
Volume: 21Start Page: 459End Page: 46
MICRANTHES NELSONIANA VAR. PORSILDIANA (SAXIFRAGACEAE), THE PROPER NAME AT THE VARIETAL LEVEL
Volume: 2Start Page: 395End Page: 39
NEW COMBINATION IN EURYBIA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Volume: 20Start Page: 1561End Page: 156
THE TAXONOMY OF NORTH AMERICAN LOTI (FABACEAE: LOTEAE): NEW NAMES IN ACMISPON AND HOSACKIA
Volume: 2Start Page: 387End Page: 39
LYONOTHAMNEAE, A NEW TRIBE IN THE ROSACEAE (ROSALES)
Volume: 2Start Page: 385End Page: 38
NEW COMBINATIONS IN MICRANTHES (A SEGREGATE OF SAXIFRAGA, SAXIFRAGACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Volume: 1Start Page: 1019End Page: 102
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