L’acquisition des adverbiaux temporels en français écrit chez l’enfant sourd : premiers résultats comportementaux

International audienceAcquisition of temporal adverbials in written French in the deaf child: behavioral evidences. The purpose of this paper is a pilot study on the acquisition of temporal adverbials in written French in the deaf child. The conceptualization of cognitive and linguistic notions of temporality is a long developmental process in normo-typical children, and even more in deaf children. Owing to their hearing impairment and / or difficulty in language access, deaf children experience great difficulties to master the expression of temporality in French Sign Language (LSF) and written French. In order to understand the phenomenon and propose the first results on the acquisition and development of temporal adverbials, we created 3 reception tasks and 1 production task. These tasks varied in complexity of temporal adverbials used (3 semantic anchoring categories: anaphoric, deictic, frequential; 3 semantic operation categories: anteriority, identity, posteriority). We also compared skills according to the children's ILF (Indice de Fonctionnement Linguistique, i.e. Linguistic Performing Index: an index providing more objective benchmarks of their language capacity. While the data collected do not show IFL effect, they attest the more complex understanding of temporal adverbials in a multi-referential framework. These first results extend the knowledge on the development of temporality in French in deaf children.Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude pilote qui a pour objectif d’évaluer l’acquisition d’une composante en particulier du langage, la temporalité, chez des enfants sourds du primaire et du collège. Ces derniers, de par leur déficience auditive et/ou difficulté d’accès au langage, présentent de grandes difficultés pour maîtriser l’expression de la temporalité en Langue des Signes Française (LSF) et en Français écrit. Afin de pallier l’absence de données précises sur l’acquisition de la composante temporelle en français écrit, nous avons proposé trois épreuves de compréhension et une épreuve de production centrées sur les adverbiaux temporels. Ces épreuves ont été élaborées selon une complexité supposée croissante, et reposant sur des distinctions sémantiques entre adverbiaux temporels. Nous avons également comparé les compétences en fonction de l’Indice de Fonctionnement Linguistique (IFL) des enfants, indice objectivant leur potentiel langagier. Si les données collectées ne permettent pas d’observer d’effet de l’IFL, elles attestent de la complexité à comprendre pour un enfant sourd des adverbiaux temporels dans un cadre multi-référentiel

A small-molecule cell-based screen led to the identification of biphenylimidazoazines with highly potent and broad-spectrum anti-apicomplexan activity

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Orally Administered Letermovir Prophylaxis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

With balanced safety-efficacy profile, letermovir anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis is used in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (HSCTR). We assessed feasibility and usefulness of letermovir therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in HSCTR. We performed a prospective observational study on letermovir-TDM including 40 consecutive adult CMV-seropositive allogeneic-HSCTR who received orally (PO) administered letermovir. Minimal blood concentrations of letermovir (Ctrough) were measured on days 3 and 7 postletermovir initiation and weekly thereafter. Letermovir-Ctrough remained stable during the first 70 days post-HSCT at a median of 286 μg/L (interquartile range, 131 to 591 μg/L), with large interpatient/intrapatient variability. No associations between breakthrough clinically significant CMV infection or detectable CMV DNAemia and letermovir-Ctrough were observed. Patients with letermovir-associated adverse events had higher letermovir-Ctrough than patients without (400 versus 266 μg/L, P = 0.02). Letermovir-Ctrough was similar in patients with or without gastrointestinal symptoms (280 versus 300 μg/L, P = 0.49). Acute grade ≥2 GvHD was associated with higher letermovir-Ctrough (479 versus 248 μg/L, P = 0.001), including gastrointestinal GvHD (499 versus 263 μg/L, P = 0.004). Concomitantly administered posaconazole and cyclosporine were associated with higher letermovir-Ctrough (707 versus 259 μg/L, P < 0.001 and 437 versus 248 μg/L, P = 0.01, respectively). In multivariable analysis, both posaconazole (odds ratio [OR], 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 9.7; P < 0.0001) and cyclosporine-adjusted letermovir dose at 240 mg daily (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.0; P = 0.01) were independently associated with higher letermovir-Ctrough. In conclusion, administration of PO letermovir led to measurable and relatively stable letermovir-Ctrough, without noticeable associations with clinical efficacy. Letermovir exposure was not affected by gastrointestinal symptoms, but with posaconazole and cyclosporine administration. Associations between letermovir and concomitantly administered agents and adverse events warrant additional clinical studies

Effect of 5-Day Nitrofurantoin vs Single-Dose Fosfomycin on Clinical Resolution of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The use of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin has increased since guidelines began recommending them as first-line therapy for lower urinary tract infection (UTI)

Populations of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are different in human-polluted environment and food items: a multicentre European study

Objectives: To assess the extent to which food items are a source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) for humans in five European cities

Household acquisition and transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae after hospital discharge of ESBL-positive index patients

International audienceThis study aimed to determine rates and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) acquisition and transmission within households after hospital discharge of an ESBL-PE-positive index patient

Household acquisition and transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae after hospital discharge of ESBL-positive index patients

This study aimed to determine rates and risk factors of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) acquisition and transmission within households after hospital discharge of an ESBL-PE-positive index patient