Combined linear theory/impact theory method for analysis and design of high speed configurations

Pressure distributions on a wing body at Mach 4.63 are calculated. The combined theory is shown to give improved predictions over either linear theory or impact theory alone. The combined theory is also applied in the inverse design mode to calculate optimum camber slopes at Mach 4.63. Comparisons with optimum camber slopes obtained from unmodified linear theory show large differences. Analysis of the results indicate that the combined theory correctly predicts the effect of thickness on the loading distributions at high Mach numbers, and that finite thickness wings optimized at high Mach numbers using unmodified linear theory will not achieve the minimum drag characteristics for which they are designed

Feasibility of combining linear theory and impact theory methods for the analysis and design of high speed configurations

The aerodynamic influence coefficients calculated using an existing linear theory program were used to modify the pressures calculated using impact theory. Application of the combined approach to several wing-alone configurations shows that the combined approach gives improved predictions of the local pressure and loadings over either linear theory alone or impact theory alone. The approach not only removes most of the short-comings of the individual methods, as applied in the Mach 4 to 8 range, but also provides the basis for an inverse design procedure applicable to high speed configurations

Marginal cost-based pricing of distribution: a case study

This paper presents results of a software development project carried out by the “Electricity North West” (ENW) and “TNEI” to find economic use-of-system charges for the extra high-voltage (EHV) network. Several cost-based charging models which satisfy principles set by the Regulator, such as cost reflectivity, predictability, stability and transparency were developed. In this paper, the emphasis is put on the developed software and the comparison of nodal marginal charges obtained from the proposed pricing models

Engagine me, engaging you ....Ah Haa

As a non-traditional research office, we have been heavily involved in dissemination activity and, increasingly, rather than just academic staff who are already interested in the outcome of research projects, this means attempting to engage, involve and inspire the public. Public engagement involves a range of approaches that universities or research institutes can take to involve the public with their work. An important part of any public engagement work is to think about the people you want to engage with – but who are the public and how can you ensure that you identify and engage with them effectively? Whoever you are interested in disseminating your research findings to we will consider ways to ensure your planned activity is appropriate and relevant to the target audience so they can effectively contribute to your research. The workshop will help you to identify your audience and, using new technology to track, monitor and evaluate events, to engage with them to further disseminate and promote research. This interactive workshop will involve working in groups using a range of craft materials to create a mood board to demonstrate how you would identify and engage with your audience to maximise participation for your event

Effects of shear on eggs and larvae of striped bass, morone saxatilis, and white perch, M. americana

Shear stress, generated by water movement, can kill fish eggs and larvae by causing rotation or deformation. Through the use of an experimental apparatus, a series of shear (as dynes/cm2)-mortality equations for fixed time exposures were generated for striped bass and white perch eggs and larvae. Exposure of striped bass eggs to a shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 36% of the eggs in 1 min; 69% in 2 min, and 88% in 4 min; exposure of larvae to 350 dynes/cm2 kills 9.3% in 1 min, 30.0% in 2 min, and 68.1% in 4 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 38% of the white perch eggs in 1 min, 41% in 2 min, 89% in 5 min, 96% in 10 min, and 98% in 20 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 applied to white perch larvae destroys 38% of the larvae in 1 min, 52% in 2 min, and 75% in 4 min. Results are experimentally used in conjunction with the determination of shear levels in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and ship movement for the estimation of fish egg and larval mortalities in the field

Transverse instability for non-normal parameters

We consider the behaviour of attractors near invariant subspaces on varying a parameter that does not preserve the dynamics in the invariant subspace but is otherwise generic, in a smooth dynamical system. We refer to such a parameter as ``non-normal''. If there is chaos in the invariant subspace that is not structurally stable, this has the effect of ``blurring out'' blowout bifurcations over a range of parameter values that we show can have positive measure in parameter space. Associated with such blowout bifurcations are bifurcations to attractors displaying a new type of intermittency that is phenomenologically similar to on-off intermittency, but where the intersection of the attractor by the invariant subspace is larger than a minimal attractor. The presence of distinct repelling and attracting invariant sets leads us to refer to this as ``in-out'' intermittency. Such behaviour cannot appear in systems where the transverse dynamics is a skew product over the system on the invariant subspace. We characterise in-out intermittency in terms of its structure in phase space and in terms of invariants of the dynamics obtained from a Markov model of the attractor. This model predicts a scaling of the length of laminar phases that is similar to that for on-off intermittency but which has some differences.Comment: 15 figures, submitted to Nonlinearity, the full paper available at http://www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/~eo

The Coronavirus Pandemic: Associations of College Students\u27 Financial Situations and Optimism with Mental & Physical Health

The coronavirus pandemic has led to a turbulent environment, putting college students and their families in unprecedented situations. The rise in unemployment and concerns about the overall economy may be impacting student finances. Increased depression and anxiety are common responses to such stressful situations. However, certain psychosocial factors, such as optimism, may be a valuable resource for coping with stress. Individuals who are more versus less optimistic tend to show less distress and have better physical functioning. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how college students’ financial situation during the coronavirus pandemic is related to mental and physical health, as well as how optimism moderates this relationship. We hypothesized that worse financial situations would be associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms, but that optimism would buffer against worse outcomes. To investigate these hypotheses, students at a private university in Southern California were recruited through their university email addresses to complete an online questionnaire in the spring of 2020. Nearly 300 students self-reported their financial situation, depression, anxiety, physical symptoms (e.g., nausea, headaches), and optimism. Linear regression models tested associations. Results indicated that, as expected, a worsening financial situation and an increase in worry about paying for school were significantly associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms (ps \u3c 0.05). By contrast, greater optimism was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms (ps \u3c 0.05). However, the effect of financial situation on students’ mental and physical health did not depend on optimism (ps \u3e 0.05). This may be because students in this study had lower optimism scores relative to pre-pandemic cohorts, suggesting they struggled to be optimistic during the pandemic. Further investigation on how financial situations and optimism relate to mental and physical health is crucial to not only improve the quality of life for college students, but to also help in creating and implementing effective mental and physical health interventions

Hydrologic Influences Within a Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetland

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Managemen