Застосування рівняння Віганда–Снайдера до термодинамічної інтерпретації високоеластичної деформації гладеньких м'язів шлунка

Iз застосуванням рiвняння Вiганда–Снайдера здiйснено термодинамiчний аналiз високоеластичної деформацiї (Δl) кiльцевих гладеньких м’язiв антрального вiддiлу шлунка щурiв. Показано, що малi (Δl/l0 ≈ 20%) розтягування гладеньком’язових смужок шлунка щурiв (дiапазон температур 22–48 °С) не супроводжуються змiнами у впорядкованостi тензометричної системи (ΔS = 0). Такий самий феномен маємо i у випадку значних розтягувань (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%), але у бiльш вузькому дiапазонi температур: понад 30 °С i менше 40 °С. При великих розтягуваннях гладеньком’язових смужок шлунка (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%) як при вiдносно низьких (22–30 °С), так i при вiдносно високих (понад 37 °С) температурах мають мiсце iстотнi структурнi змiни в тензометричнiй системi. За цих умов спостерiгається iнверсiя знаку ентропiйних ефектiв: ΔS > 0 при T 37 °С. Обговорюється зв’язок мiж виявленими термодинамiчними ефектами i фiзiологiчними механiзмами регуляцiї функцiонування травного тракту.Применение уравнения Виганда–Снайдера проведен термодинамический анализ высокоэластичной деформации кольцевых гладких мышц антрального отдела желудка крыс. Показано, что малые (Δl/l0 ≈ 20%) растягивания гладкомышечных полосок желудка крыс (диапазон температур 22–48 °С) не сопровождаются изменениями в упорядоченности тензометрической системы (ΔS = 0). Такой же феномен наблюдается и при значительных растягиваниях (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%), но в более узком диапазоне температур: выше 30 °С и ниже 40 °С. При больших растяжениях гладкомышечных полосок желудка (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%) как при относительно низких (22–30 °С), так и при относительно высоких (выше 37 °С) температурах имеют место существенные структурные изменения в тензометрической системе. В этих условиях наблюдается инверсия знака энтропийных эффектов: ΔS > 0 при T 37 °С. Обсуждается связь между выявленными термодинамическими эффектами и физиологическими механизмами регуляции функционирования пищеварительного тракта.With using the Wiegand–Snyder equation, the thermodynamic analysis of a viscoelastic deformation of circular smooth muscle strips of rat’s stomach (antral part) is performed. It is shown that a small (Δl/l0 ≈ 20%) stretch of rat stomach smooth muscle strips (temperature range 22–48 °С) is not accompanied by changes in the ordering of the tensometric system (ΔS = 0). The same phenomenon is observed with a considerable stretching (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%), but in a narrower tempera- ture range: above 30 °C and below 40 °C. For large strains, gastric smooth muscle strips (Δl/l0 ≈ 50%) at relatively low (22–30 °C) and at relatively high (above 37 °C) temperatures undergo substantial structural changes in the ordering of the tensometric system. Under these conditions, there is the inversion of the sign of entropy effects: ΔS > 0 at temperatures below 31 °C and ΔS < 0 at temperatures above 37 °C. The relation between the identified thermodynamic effects and the physiological mechanisms of regulation of the functioning of the digestive tract is discussed

Spinal cord injury in the emergency context: Review of program outcomes of a spinal cord injury rehabilitation program in Sri Lanka

Background: The final months of the conflict in Sri Lanka in 2009 resulted in massive displacement of the civilian population and a high volume of orthopedic trauma including spinal cord injury. In response to this need, Médecins Sans Frontières implemented a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Methods. Patients were admitted to the program if they had a spinal cord injury

Computational steering in realitygrid

The RealityGrid project (http://www.realitygrid.org) aims both to enable the discovery of new materials through integrated experiments and to understand the behaviour of physical systems based on the properties of their microscopic components using diverse simulation methods spanning many time and length scales. A central theme of RealityGrid is the facilitation of distributed and collaborative steering of parallel simulation codes and simultaneous on-line, high-end visualisation. In this paper, we review the motivations for computational steering and introduce the RealityGrid steering library and associated software. We then outline the capabilities of the library and describe the service-oriented architecture of the latest implementation, in which the steering controls of the application are exposed through an OGSI-compliant Grid service

Biological action at a distance: correlated pattern formation in adjacent tessellation domains without communication

Tessellations emerge in many natural systems, and the constituent domains often contain regular patterns, raising the intriguing possibility that pattern formation within adjacent domains might be correlated by the geometry, without the direct exchange of information between parts comprising either domain. We confirm this paradoxical effect, by simulating pattern formation via reaction-diffusion in domains whose boundary shapes tessellate, and showing that correlations between adjacent patterns are strong compared to controls that self-organize in domains with equivalent sizes but unrelated shapes. The effect holds in systems with linear and non-linear diffusive terms, and for boundary shapes derived from regular and irregular tessellations. Based on the prediction that correlations between adjacent patterns should be bimodally distributed, we develop methods for testing whether a given set of domain boundaries constrained pattern formation within those domains. We then confirm such a prediction by analysing the development of ‘subbarrel’ patterns, which are thought to emerge via reaction-diffusion, and whose enclosing borders form a Voronoi tessellation on the surface of the rodent somatosensory cortex. In more general terms, this result demonstrates how causal links can be established between the dynamical processes through which biological patterns emerge and the constraints that shape them

Differences In Mechanics Between First And Second Drop Vertical Jump Landings

A drop jump and landing, followed by another maximal jump and landing, has been used when assessing injury risk utilizing the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and knee excursion are also commonly analyzed during a drop vertical jump. Previous studies have assessed initial drop vertical jump landing mechanics without assessing the second landing from the subsequent vertical jump. Additionally, analyzing landing mechanics based on subject jump height has not been examined for either landing 1 (L1) or landing (L2). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in LESS scores, vGRF, and knee excursion between the first and second landings of the drop vertical jump in all subjects and when divided into subgroups based on jump height.https://dune.une.edu/pt_studrrposter/1004/thumbnail.jp

Non-adiabatic corrections to elastic scattering of halo nuclei

We derive the formalism for the leading order corrections to the adiabatic approximation to the scattering of composite projectiles. Assuming a two-body projectile of core plus loosely-bound valence particle and a model (the core recoil model) in which the interaction of the valence particle and the target can be neglected, we derive the non-adiabatic correction terms both exactly, using a partial wave analysis, and using the eikonal approximation. Along with the expected energy dependence of the corrections, there is also a strong dependence on the valence-to-core mass ratio and on the strength of the imaginary potential for the core-target interaction, which relates to absorption of the core in its scattering by the target. The strength and diffuseness of the core-target potential also determine the size of the corrections. The first order non-adiabatic corrections were found to be smaller than qualitative estimates would expect. The large absorption associated with the core-target interaction in such halo nuclei as Be11 kills off most of the non-adiabatic corrections. We give an improved estimate for the range of validity of the adiabatic approximation when the valence-target interaction is neglected, which includes the effect of core absorption. Some consideration was given to the validity of the eikonal approximation in our calculations.Comment: 14 pages with 10 figures, REVTeX4, AMS-LaTeX v2.13, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The TeraGyroid Experiment

The TeraGyroid experiment at SC 03 addressed a large-scale problem of genuine scientific interest at the same time as showing how intercontinental grids enable new paradigms for collaborative computational science that can dramatically reduce the time to insight. TeraGyroid used computational steering to accelerate the exploration of parameter space in condensed matter simulations. The scientific objective was to study the self-assembly, defect pathways and dynamics of liquid crystalline cubic gyroid mesophases using the largest set of lattice-Boltzmann (LB) simulations ever performed, involving in some cases lattices of over one billion sites and for highly extended simulation times. We describe the application in sufficient detail to reveal how it uses the grid to support interactions between its distributed parts, where the interfaces exist between the application and the middleware infrastructure, what grid services and capabilities are used, and why important design decisions were made. We also describe how the resources of highend computing services were federated with the UK e-Science Grid and the US TeraGrid to form the TeraGyroid testbed, and summarise the lessons learned during the experiment

ICON 2019: International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: Clinical Terminology

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Background Persistent tendon pain that impairs function has inconsistent medical terms that can influence choice of treatment.1 When a person is told they have tendinopathy by clinician A or tendinitis by clinician B, they might feel confused or be alarmed at receiving what they might perceive as two different diagnoses. This may lead to loss of confidence in their health professional and likely adds to uncertainty if they were to search for information about their condition. Clear and uniform terminology also assists inter-professional communication. Inconsistency in terminology for painful tendon disorders is a problem at numerous anatomical sites. Historically, the term ‘tendinitis’ was first used to describe tendon pain, thickening and impaired function (online supplementary figure S1). The term ‘tendinosis’ has also been used in a small number of publications, some of which were very influential.2 3 Subsequently, ‘tendinopathy’ emerged as the most common term for persistent tendon pain.4 5 To our knowledge, experts (clinicians and researchers) or patients have never engaged in a formal process to discuss the terminology we use. We believe that health professionals have not yet agreed on the appropriate terminology for painful tendon conditions.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The Magnetic Sun: Reversals and Long-Term Variations

A didactic introduction to current thinking on some aspects of the solar dynamo is given for geophysicists and planetary scientists.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures; Space Science Rev., in pres