Remorse in Parole Hearings: An Elusive Concept with Concrete Consequences

Remorse is a profound and complicated emotion and it is one that is evaluated in a surprising number of legal contexts. One particularly high-stakes evaluation of remorse occurs in the context of discretionary parole, when a parole board is deciding whether to release an inmate back to the community. This Article explains the arguments justifying the evaluation of remorse in parole hearings, evaluates how remorse is directly and indirectly incorporated into a typical parole hearing, presents legal and psychological research about the effect that the presence or absence of remorse may have on parole commissioners’ judgment of inmates’ culpability and eligibility for release, and articulates the challenges that arise in assessing remorse. Finally, this Article makes recommendations for state parole boards that wish either to eliminate remorse as a consideration in parole hearings or assess it more consistently

Spin dynamics in solids

1986 Summer.Includes bibliographical references (pages 228-234).Covers not scanned.Print version deaccessioned 2020.The work described in this thesis falls into two largely unrelated categories. Part I of the thesis reports unusually fast 13C spin diffusion in adamantane. A calculation of the 13C spin-diffusion rate from first order perturbation theory is presented and compared to the experimental data. There is good agreement between calculation and experiment for relatively small mixing times. Motional averaging of 13C- 1H dipolar coupling is found to be responsible for the unusually efficient 13C spin-diffusion in adamantane. Further enhancement of 13C spin-diffusion should be possible by carrying out mixing in the rotating frame. This is experimentally verified for adamantane. Part II discussed 13C NMR of methanol adsorbed on HY zeolite. Three species were distinguished on the basis of their different spin-lattice, spin-spin (spin diffusion) and chemical properties shift. These were: a species exhibiting liquid-like mobility, a species chemically adsorbed onto the wall of the large cage of the zeolite, and a species chemically adsorbed onto the wall of the small cage of the zeolite

Transversals to Line Segments in Three-Dimensional Space

We completely describe the structure of the connected components of transversals to a collection of n line segments in R3. We show that n \u3e 3 arbitrary line segments in R3 admit 0, 1, . . . , n or infinitely many line transversals. In the latter case, the transversals form up to n connected components

The unidentified eruption of 1809: A climatic cold case

The "1809 eruption"is one of the most recent unidentified volcanic eruptions with a global climate impact. Even though the eruption ranks as the third largest since 1500 with a sulfur emission strength estimated to be 2 times that of the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, not much is known of it from historic sources. Based on a compilation of instrumental and reconstructed temperature time series, we show here that tropical temperatures show a significant drop in response to the ~1809 eruption that is similar to that produced by the Mt. Tambora eruption in 1815, while the response of Northern Hemisphere (NH) boreal summer temperature is spatially heterogeneous. We test the sensitivity of the climate response simulated by the MPI Earth system model to a range of volcanic forcing estimates constructed using estimated volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections (VSSIs) and uncertainties from ice-core records. Three of the forcing reconstructions represent a tropical eruption with an approximately symmetric hemispheric aerosol spread but different forcing magnitudes, while a fourth reflects a hemispherically asymmetric scenario without volcanic forcing in the NH extratropics. Observed and reconstructed post-volcanic surface NH summer temperature anomalies lie within the range of all the scenario simulations. Therefore, assuming the model climate sensitivity is correct, the VSSI estimate is accurate within the uncertainty bounds. Comparison of observed and simulated tropical temperature anomalies suggests that the most likely VSSI for the 1809 eruption would be somewhere between 12 and 19ĝ€¯Tg of sulfur. Model results show that NH large-scale climate modes are sensitive to both volcanic forcing strength and its spatial structure. While spatial correlations between the N-TREND NH temperature reconstruction and the model simulations are weak in terms of the ensemble-mean model results, individual model simulations show good correlation over North America and Europe, suggesting the spatial heterogeneity of the 1810 cooling could be due to internal climate variability

Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions: Earth system effects

The eruption of Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815 had substantial effects on global climate and led to the ‘Year Without a Summer’ of 1816 in Europe and North America. Although a tragic event—tens of thousands of people lost their lives—the eruption also was an ‘experiment of nature’ from which science has learned until today. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of the Tambora eruption and its effects on climate as expressed in early instrumental observations, climate proxies and geological evidence, climate reconstructions, and model simulations. Progress has been made with respect to our understanding of the eruption process and estimated amount of SO2 injected into the atmosphere, although large uncertainties still exist with respect to altitude and hemispheric distribution of Tambora aerosols. With respect to climate effects, the global and Northern Hemispheric cooling are well constrained by proxies whereas there is no strong signal in Southern Hemisphere proxies. Newly recovered early instrumental information for Western Europe and parts of North America, regions with particularly strong climate effects, allow Tambora's effect on the weather systems to be addressed. Climate models respond to prescribed Tambora-like forcing with a strengthening of the wintertime stratospheric polar vortex, global cooling and a slowdown of the water cycle, weakening of the summer monsoon circulations, a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and a decrease of atmospheric CO2. Combining observations, climate proxies, and model simulations for the case of Tambora, a better understanding of climate processes has emerged

Artificial Neural Network to predict mean monthly total ozone in Arosa, Switzerland

Present study deals with the mean monthly total ozone time series over Arosa, Switzerland. The study period is 1932-1971. First of all, the total ozone time series has been identified as a complex system and then Artificial Neural Networks models in the form of Multilayer Perceptron with back propagation learning have been developed. The models are Single-hidden-layer and Two-hidden-layer Perceptrons with sigmoid activation function. After sequential learning with learning rate 0.9 the peak total ozone period (February-May) concentrations of mean monthly total ozone have been predicted by the two neural net models. After training and validation, both of the models are found skillful. But, Two-hidden-layer Perceptron is found to be more adroit in predicting the mean monthly total ozone concentrations over the aforesaid period.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figure

On increasing global temperatures: 75 years after Callendar

In 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar was the first to demonstrate that the Earth’s land surface was warming. Callendar also suggested that the production of carbon dioxide by the combustion of fossil fuels was responsible for much of this modern change in climate. This short note marks the 75th anniversary of Callendar’s landmark study and demonstrates that his global land temperature estimates agree remarkably well with more recent analyses

Transversals to Line Segments in R3

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceWe completely describe the structure of the connected components of transversals to a collection of $n$ line segments in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that $n\geq 3$ arbitrary line segments in $\mathbb{R}^3$ admit $0, 1, \ldots, n$ or infinitely many line transversals. In the latter case, the transversals form up to $n$ connected components

Los reanálisis arrojan luz sobre el desastre de los aludes de 1916

Uno de los peores desastres meteorológicos de la historia tuvo lugar en el sureste de los Alpes durante el infame invierno de 1916/17. Los aludes ocurridos después de un episodio de grandes nevadas mataron a miles de soldados y civiles. Las técnicas numéricas actuales abren nuevas posibilidades para estudiar este episodio histórico. La combinación de las mediciones históricas con los reanálisis y la regionalización dinámica (dinamical downscaling) hace posible reconstruir el tiempo atmosférico descendiendo incluso hasta la escala local y, por lo tanto, a la escala captada por documentos históricos de los impactos meteorológicos