Tunisia: The Colonized Road to a Democratic Identity

The death of one Tunisian man by self-immolation in 2010 created uprisings in 18 other Arab countries in what is known as the 2011 Arab Spring. As a result, Tunisia managed to overthrow its long-standing autocratic government and establish a democracy; it is the only nation who has managed to maintain those changes since 2011. As the first point of protest and the only success story, what makes Tunisia different from the other 18 nations? While there has been research on why Tunisia has succeeded, there is little on how Tunisia’s colonial history under France for 75 years might have affected Tunisia’s uprising, protests, democratization, and continued success. This paper cannot answer all of this effectively, but it does indicate some of the lasting effects of French colonization that have irrevocably shaped Tunisia. Through linguistics and education, economic reform and political evolution, the French caused a progression of society in Tunisia that facilitated its success as a democracy in the 21st century

United States Foreign Policy and the Additions of Sweden and Finland to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Following the reemergence of Russia as an aggressive power to the east and the invasion of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea, Sweden and Finland have decided to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). With the additions of Sweden and Finland, the security dynamic of the Baltic will change. The United States (US) has been the backbone of NATO since the Soviet Union, fell and as such, NATO has continued to be a major part of US foreign policy (USFP). If Finland and Sweden join NATO, then one of three scenarios will occur within USFP: (1) USFP in the Baltic becomes less involved because of the cohesive military presence created by NATO in the Baltic Sea becoming a sufficient deterrent to outside aggression; (2) USFP in the Baltic becomes more involved because NATO, while supplemented by Finnish and Swedish forces, is still not a strong enough deterrent to outside aggression; (3) the security dynamic remains the same, and the level of US involvement in the Baltic does not change as outside actors still pose a general threat to the border nations. This research outlines and evaluates these three scenarios through the use of alliance theory, current and past events, and comparative analysis. With the use of five variables based in alliance theory, this research ascertains that scenario (1) is the direction USFP will go as Finland and Sweden aid in crafting a cohesive deterring force allowing USFP resources to be focused elsewhere while still providing the Article 5 security guarantee

Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysts: the Effect of the Support

We have studied the influence of placing a soluble, homogeneous catalyst onto a solid support. We determined that such a 'heterogenized' homogeneous catalyst can have improved activity and selectivity for the asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides to amino acid derivatives. The route of heterogenization of RhDuPhos(COD){sup +} cations occurs via electrostatic interactions with anions that are capable of strong hydrogen bonding to silica surfaces. This is a novel approach to supported catalysis. Supported RhDuPhos(COD){sup +} is a recyclable, non-leaching catalyst in non-polar media. This is one of the few heterogenized catalysts that exhibits improved catalytic performance as compared to its homogeneous analog

Нові дослідження багатошарового поселення Заліщики ІІІ в уроч. «Ущилівка» в м. Заліщики Тернопільської області у 2009 - 2010 роках

Метою статті є введення у науковий обіг результатів досліджень частини багатошарового поселення Заліщики ІІІ в уроч. «Ущилівка» в м. Заліщики Тернопільської області у 2009 - 2010 роках. Подано загальну характеристику пам’ятки та опис досліджених об’єктів

Thermodynamics of Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions

Abstract not availabl