108 research outputs found
Evolution of enzyme catalytic power. Characteristics of optimal catalysis evaluated for the simplest plausible kinetic model
Reactions of papain and of low-molecular-weight thiols with some aromatic disulphides. 2,2′-Dipyridyl disulphide as a convenient active-site titrant for papain even in the presence of other thiols
Reactions of l-ergothioneine and some other aminothiones with 2,2′- and 4,4′-dipyridyl disulphides and of l-ergothioneine with iodoacetamide. 2-Mercaptoimidazoles, 2- and 4-thiopyridones, thiourea and thioacetamide as highly reactive neutral sulphur nucleophiles
A convenient spectrophotometric assay for the determination of l-ergothioneine in blood
Evidence that binding to the S2-subsite of papain may be coupled with catalytically relevant structural change involving the cysteine-25–histidine-159 diad. Kinetics of the reaction of papain with a two-protonic-state reactivity probe containing a hydrophobic side chain
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-l-serine methyl ester catalysed by bromelain and by papain. Analysis of modifier mechanisms by lattice nomography, computational methods of parameter evaluation for substrate-activated catalyses and consequences of postulated non-productive binding in bromelain- and papain-catalysed hydrolyses
The Primordial Abundance of He4: An Update
We include new data in an updated analysis of helium in low metallicity
extragalactic HII regions with the goal of deriving the primordial abundance of
He4 (Y_P). We show that the new observations of Izotov et al (ITL) are
consistent with previous data. However they should not be taken in isolation to
determine (Y_P) due to the lack of sufficiently low metallicity points. We use
the extant data in a semi-empirical approach to bounding the size of possible
systematic uncertainties in the determination of (Y_P). Our best estimate for
the primordial abundance of He4 assuming a linear relation between He4 and O/H
is Y_P = 0.230 \pm 0.003 (stat) based on the subset of HII regions with the
lowest metallicity; for our full data set we find Y_P = 0.234 \pm 0.002 (stat).
Both values are entirely consistent with our previous results. We discuss the
implications of these values for standard big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN),
particularly in the context of recent measurements of deuterium in high
redshift, low metallicity QSO absorption-line systems.Comment: 26 pages, latex, 6 ps figure
Characterization of the hydrolytic activity of a polyclonal catalytic antibody preparation by pH-dependence and chemical modification studies: evidence for the involvement of Tyr and Arg side chains as hydrogen-bond donors
Computerised interpretation of the fetal heart rate during labour: a randomised controlled trial (INFANT)
Background
Continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) in labour is widely used and computerised interpretation has the potential to increase its utility.
Objectives
This trial aimed to find out whether or not the addition of decision support software to assist in the interpretation of the cardiotocograph (CTG) reduced the number of poor neonatal outcomes, and whether or not it was cost-effective.
Design
Two-arm individually randomised controlled trial. The allocations were computer generated using stratified block randomisation employing variable block sizes. The trial was not masked.
Setting
Labour wards in England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland.
Participants
Women in labour having EFM, with a singleton or twin pregnancy, at ≥ 35 weeks’ gestation.
Interventions
Decision support or no decision support.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcomes were (1) a composite of poor neonatal outcome {intrapartum stillbirth or early neonatal death (excluding lethal congenital anomalies), or neonatal morbidity [defined as neonatal encephalopathy (NNE)], or admission to a neonatal unit within 48 hours for ≥ 48 hours (with evidence of feeding difficulties, respiratory illness or NNE when there was evidence of compromise at birth)}; and (2) developmental assessment at the age of 2 years in a subset of surviving children.
Results
Between 6 January 2010 and 31 August 2013, 47,062 women were randomised and 46,042 were included in the primary analysis (22,987 in the decision support group and 23,055 in the no decision support group). The short-term primary outcome event rate was higher than anticipated. There was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of poor neonatal outcome between the groups: 0.7% (n = 172) of babies in the decision support group compared with 0.7% (n = 171) of babies in the no decision support group [adjusted risk ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 1.25]. There was no evidence of a difference in the long-term primary outcome of the Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised with a mean score of 98.0 points [standard deviation (SD) 33.8 points] in the decision support group and 97.2 points (SD 33.4 points) in the no decision support group (mean difference 0.63 points, 95% CI –0.98 to 2.25 points). No evidence of a difference was found for health resource use and total costs. There was evidence that decision support did change practice (with increased fetal blood sampling and a lower rate of repeated alerts).
Limitations
Staff in the control group may learn from exposure to the decision support arm of the trial, resulting in improved outcomes in the control arm. This was identified in the planning stage and felt to be unlikely to have a significant effect on the results. As this was a pragmatic trial, the response to CTG alerts was left to the attending clinicians.
Conclusions
This trial does not support the hypothesis that the use of computerised interpretation of the CTG in women who have EFM in labour improves the clinical outcomes for mothers or babies
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