33 research outputs found
Innovation et développement dans les systÚmes agricoles et alimentaires
Lâinnovation est souvent prĂ©sentĂ©e comme lâun des principaux leviers pour promouvoir un dĂ©veloppement plus durable et plus inclusif. Dans les domaines de lâagriculture et de lâalimentation, lâinnovation est marquĂ©e par des spĂ©cificitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă sa relation Ă la nature, mais aussi Ă la grande diversitĂ© dâacteurs concernĂ©s, depuis les agriculteurs jusquâaux consommateurs, en passant par les services de recherche et de dĂ©veloppement. Lâinnovation Ă©merge des interactions entre ces acteurs, qui mobilisent des ressources et produisent des connaissances dans des dispositifs collaboratifs, afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des changements. Elle recouvre des domaines aussi variĂ©s que les pratiques de production, lâorganisation des marchĂ©s, ou les pratiques alimentaires. Lâinnovation est reliĂ©e aux grands enjeux de dĂ©veloppement : innovation agro-Ă©cologique, innovation sociale, innovation territoriale, etc. Cet ouvrage porte un regard sur lâinnovation dans les systĂšmes agricoles et alimentaires. Il met un accent particulier sur lâaccompagnement de lâinnovation, en interrogeant les mĂ©thodes et les organisations, et sur lâĂ©valuation de lâinnovation au regard de diffĂ©rents critĂšres. Il sâappuie sur des rĂ©flexions portĂ©es par diffĂ©rentes disciplines scientifiques, sur des travaux de terrain conduits tant en France que dans de nombreux pays du Sud, et enfin sur les expĂ©riences acquises en accompagnant des acteurs qui innovent. Il combine des synthĂšses sur lâinnovation et des Ă©tudes de cas emblĂ©matiques pour illustrer les propos. Lâouvrage est destinĂ© aux enseignants, professionnels, Ă©tudiants et chercheurs
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Les peuplements benthiques de l'estuaire de la Loire : distribution spatio-temporelle : reproduction et croissance des Bivalves Tellinides
SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
Les prises accessoires de la pĂȘcherie de civelles (Anguilla Anguilla) dans l'estuaire de la Loire en 1987
A survey of the glass-eel fishery in the Loire estuary in 1989 (265 boats, 117 tons glass-eel, 13 733 fishing trips) showned that 16 fishery species constiture the by-catch (493 million individuals, mainly juveniles, among which 98 % consist in founder, sprat and brown shrimp). The analysis of catches in space and time leads to proposals for limiting the impact during the last fishing weeks. Taking into account the natural mortality rates of the concerned juveniles, an attempt is made to estimate the actual impact of the glass-eel fishery, after a delay. Only 10 % of the caught brown shrimp would have been recruited in the summer shrimp fishery. Up to 855 to 97.6 % ofjuvenile fishes would have diappeared during the following year by natural mortality.Un suivi de la flottille civelliĂšre dans l'estuaire de la Loire en 1987 (265 navires, 117 tonnes de civelles pour 13 733 pĂȘches) montre que 16 espĂšces d'intĂ©rĂȘt halieutique constituent les prises accessoires (49,3 millions d'individus, tous juvĂ©niles, dont 98 % de flet, sprat et crevette grise). L'analyse spatio-temporelle des captures permet de proposer des scĂ©narios d'exploitation permettant de limiter l'impact dans les derniĂšres semaines de pĂȘche. Prenant en compte la mortalitĂ© naturelle des juvĂ©niles concernĂ©s, on tente une estimation de l'impact strictement liĂ© Ă la pĂȘche civelliĂšre, mesurĂ© sur la fraction des survivants, aprĂšs un dĂ©lai. Parmi les crevettes grises capturĂ©es, 10 % des prises accessoires auraient atteint lâĂąge au recrutement (Ă©tĂ© suivant). Parmi les poissons, 85.5 Ă 97.7 % des juvĂ©niles capturĂ©s auraient disparu par mortalitĂ© naturelle au bout d'un an.El estudio de la pesqueria de angulas en el estuario de Loire en el ano 1987 (265 barcas, 117 toneladas. de angulas para 13 733 salidas) demuestra que 16 especies de interĂ©s para la pesca constituyen las capturas accesorias (49,3 millones de individuos, todos juveniles, cuyos 97 % son platijas, sprates y quisquillas). El analysis en el tiempo y el espacio de las capturas permite de proposar unos esquemas de explotaciĂŽn que permiten de menorar el impacto durante las ultimas semanas de pesca. Considerando la mortalidad natural de los juveniles, se intento una estimaciĂŽn del impacto actual de la pesqueria de angulas despues cierto plazo. Solamente 10 % de las quisquillas capturadas tendrian la edad del reclutamiento al verano proximo. Para los pesces, entre 85.5 y 97.7 % de los juveniles capturados serian muertos de manera natural en el aflo siguiente
THE MICROBIAL FOOD WEB : COMPARATIVE STUDY UNDER FIRST-YEAR ICE AT LOW AND HIGH LATITUDES IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE (16th Symposium on Polar Biology)
In spring of 1992, the microbial compartment at the base of first-year ice in Saroma Ko lagoon (northern Hokkaido, Japan) and Resolute Passage (Canadian High Arctic) was investigated. Chlorophyll concentration, bacterial concentration and microheterotrophy were compared at both sites. Bacterial activity and productivity were insufficient in both sites to satisfy the demand of microheterotrophs. Accordingly, a shift probably occurred in the grazing behavior of heterotrophic nanoprotozoans as the ice-algal bloom took place