Sélection de l'efficacité digestive et influence sur la durabilité de la filière avicole

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Selection for feed efficiency as a tool to improve sustainability of poultry production

Poultry production will have to be increased in the future to meet the demands of the growing human population. This will increase the pressure on land use to produce cereals and proteins used in poultry diets and also the environmental pressure due to the increase of manure produced by these birds. Selecting birds able to digest more varied and less optimal diets could be a way to minimize these negative impacts of poultry production. Selection for digestive efficiency using a diet difficult to digest has been shown to be efficient to increase the proportion of poor quality feedstuffs in the diet. In this study, to prevent negative effects that could occur on non-selected traits, we evaluate the impact of this selection on a wide range of traits related to the economic, social and environmental pillars of sustainability. This was achieved on 846 chickens issued from selection for high (D+) or low (D-) digestive efficiency fed either a classical corn+soybean diet or an alternative wheat+sunflower meal diet. Multifactorial correspondence analyses were realized on each pillar of sustainability. For the economic pillar, we recorded growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency, digestibility of phosphorus, anatomy of the digestive tract, and meat quality. For the environmental pillar, we recorded quantity of litter and temperature, humidity, nitrogen, and ammonia and phosphorus content of the litter. For the social pillar, we measured normal animal behavior, presence of dermatitis, bone yield and mineralization and susceptibility to coccidiosis and to colibacillosis. Our results showed that 1) the D+ birds have a positive impact on economic and environmental traits, with better efficiency, lower consumption, and less manure production; 2) the two lines were not different on behavior and health traits, apart from a better bone yield in D+ line and 3) the D- birds were more sensitive to the diet than D+ birds

Association between pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 in emergency department patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiogram: the PEPCOV international retrospective study

Background: There have been reports of procoagulant activity in patients with COVID-19. Whether there is an association between pulmonary embolism (PE) and COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether COVID-19 is associated with PE in ED patients who underwent a computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). Methods: A retrospective study in 26 EDs from six countries. ED patients in whom a CTPA was performed for suspected PE during a 2-month period covering the pandemic peak. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a PE on CTPA. COVID-19 was diagnosed in the ED either on CT or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A multivariable binary logistic regression was built to adjust with other variables known to be associated with PE. A sensitivity analysis was performed in patients included during the pandemic period. Results: A total of 3,358 patients were included, of whom 105 were excluded because COVID-19 status was unknown, leaving 3,253 for analysis. Among them, 974 (30%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Mean (±SD) age was 61 (±19) years and 52% were women. A PE was diagnosed on CTPA in 500 patients (15%). The risk of PE was similar between COVID-19 patients and others (15% in both groups). In the multivariable binary logistic regression model, COVID-19 was not associated with higher risk of PE (adjusted odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.76 to 1.26). There was no association when limited to patients in the pandemic period. Conclusion: In ED patients who underwent CTPA for suspected PE, COVID-19 was not associated with an increased probability of PE diagnosis. These results were also valid when limited to the pandemic period. However, these results may not apply to patients with suspected COVID-19 in general

Sotrovimab therapy elicits antiviral activities against Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in sera of immunocompromised patients [letter]

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