Os Caminhos que Perpassam a Gestão Social no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – CAPS TM de São José dos Pinhais

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo sistematizar algumas reflexões acerca da gestão social, entendida como processo de gerenciamento participativo e dialógico, dentro do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – CAPS TM de São José dos Pinhais. A análise está focada nas modalidades de práticas de gestão presentes no serviço, destacando-se entre elas a gestão democrática participativa e a gestão em rede. Será apresentada a instituição, expondo parte de sua diversidade e entrelaço frente à intersetoriedade de políticas públicas O intuito é evidenciar sua configuração complexa perante os caminhos que perpassam a gestão no CAPS TM, assegurando os preceitos da reforma psiquiátrica na atualidade.  Palavras-chave: Gestão em saúde mental; Centro de Atenção Psicossocial- CAPS TM; Reforma psiquiátrica. ABSTRACT The following paper has the objective of systemizing some reflections on social management, which is seen as the process of dialogical and participative management within the Center for Psychosocial Care - CAPS TM of São José dos Pinhais. The analysis is focused on the modalities of management practices present on the provided service, highlighting the democratic participative management and the network management. It presents the institution, displaying parts of its diversities and similarities towards the intersectorality of public policies. The intention is to show its complex configuration towards the history that characterize CAPS TM management, ensuring the current precepts of psychiatric reform.Keywords: Mental health management; Center for Psychosocial Care – CAPS TM; Psychiatric reform

Influência de diferentes movimentos dos membros superiores nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias da corrida em piscina funda

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Transforming growth factor-beta family members are regulated during induced luteolysis in cattle

The transforming growth factors beta (TGFβ) are local factors produced by ovarian cells which, after binding to their receptors, regulate follicular deviation and ovulation. However, their regulation and function during corpus luteum (CL) regression has been poorly investigated. The present study evaluated the mRNA regulation of some TGFβ family ligands and their receptors in the bovine CL during induced luteolysis in vivo. On day 10 of the estrous cycle, cows received an injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and luteal samples were obtained from separate groups of cows (n= 4-5 cows per time-point) at 0, 2, 12, 24 or 48 h after treatment. Since TGF beta family comprises more than 30 ligands, we focused in some candidates genes such as activin receptors (ACVR-1A, -1B, -2A, -2B) AMH, AMHR2, BMPs (BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -6 and -7), BMP receptors (BMPR 1A, -1B and -2), inhibin subunits (INH-A, -BA, -BB) and betaglycan (TGFBR3). The mRNA levels of BMP4, BMP6 and INHBA were higher at 2 h after PGF administration (P<0.05) in comparison to 0 h. The relative mRNA abundance of BMP1, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP6, ACVR1B, INHBA and INHBB was upregulated up to 12 h post PGF (P<0.05). On the other hand, TGFBR3 mRNA that codes for a reservoir of ligands that bind to TGF-beta receptors, was lower at 48 h. In conclusion, findings from this study demonstrated that genes encoding several TGFβ family members are expressed in a time-specific manner after PGF administration

Vesículas extracelulares secretadas por embriões bovinos produzidos in vivo e in vitro: conteúdo de miRNAs e os efeitos moleculares sobre o endométrio e o corpo lúteo

Metabolic profiles, gene expression patterns, embryonic development, and the ability to establish and sustain early pregnancies are differences founded when in vivo- and in vitro- produced bovine embryos are compared. To the establishment of a successful pregnancy the perfect embryo-maternal communication is needed. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are part of this crosstalk and carry bioactive molecules such as miRNAs that can act on target bovine cells within the reproductive system. Thereby, our hypothesis is that in vivo and in vitro bovine embryos secrete sEVs containing different miRNAs that can differentially modulate endometrial gene expression pattern and miRNAs profile in the corpus luteum (CL). To address this hypothesis, firstly, we investigated the miRNA content of in vivo and in vitro hatched blastocysts and in sEVs secreted by them. Day 9 in vivo or in vitro hatched blastocysts have distinct miRNA profiles. Small EVs secreted by them from day 7 up to day 9 of development contain different miRNAs. These miRNAs differently expressed are predicted to regulate pathways involved with early embryonic development and endometrial receptivity. Thereby, early embryo-maternal interactions can be modified and consequently can affect pregnancy success. Secondly, we investigated changes in the endometrial global transcriptome after the co-culture of endometrial explants with a day 7 in vivo or in vitro blastocysts. Differently expressed genes were identified in the endometrium and are associated with the embryo\'s presence or origin. Moreover, sEVs present in the conditioned media (C.M.) by these embryonic and endometrial cells contain different miRNAs, which are predicted to modulate the oxytocin signaling pathway. Finally, to understand if the communication among embryo, endometrium, and corpus luteum can be mediated by sEVs, luteal explants were treated with sEVs from C.M. by endometrial explants alone or cultured with a day 7 in vivo or in vitro blastocysts. MicroRNAs profile was modified in luteal explants treated with these sEVs, and we can observe an effect of the embryo presence and origin in these alterations. Together these results suggest that sEVs mediate early embryo-endometrium-corpus luteum communication, contributing to maintaining luteal viability and functionality. However, further experiments are needed to evaluate specific biological effects of these miRNAs carried by sEVs in the endometrium and in the corpus luteum. Moreover, the embryo origin (in vivo and in vitro) modify the interactions among embryo-endometrium-corpus luteum, suggesting strongly that these embryos have distinct needed to develop.Perfis metabólicos, padrões de expressão gênica, desenvolvimento embrionário, capacidade de estabelecer e manter gestações precoces são diferenças encontradas quando embriões bovinos produzidos in vivo e in vitro são comparados. Para que a gestação tenha sucesso é necessária uma perfeita comunicação entre o embrião e o organismo materno. Vesículas extracelulares pequenas (sEVs) fazem parte dessa comunicação e carregam moléculas bioativas, como miRNAs, que podem atuar em células-alvo dentro do sistema reprodutivo bovino. Com isso, nossa hipótese é que embriões bovinos produzidos in vivo e in vitro secretam sEVs contendo diferentes miRNAs que podem modular diferencialmente o padrão de expressão gênica endometrial e o perfil de miRNAs do corpo lúteo. Para isso, primeiramente, investigamos o conteúdo de miRNA em blastocistos eclodidos produzidos in vivo ou in vitro e, em sEVs secretadas por eles. Blastocistos eclodidos produzidos in vivo ou in vitro, no dia 9 de desenvolvimento, possuem diferentes perfis de miRNA. EVs pequenas secretadas por eles, do dia 7 até o dia 9 de desenvolvimento, contém miRNAs diferentes. Esses miRNAs diferentemente expressos são preditos por regularem vias envolvidas no desenvolvimento embrionário inicial e na receptividade endometrial. Por meio disso, as primeiras interações entre o embrião e o organismo materno podem ser modificadas, e isso pode afetar o sucesso da gestação. Em segundo lugar, investigamos as alterações no transcriptoma global do endométrio após o co-cultivo de explantes endometriais com um blastocisto produzido in vivo ou in vitro no dia 7 do desenvolvimento. Genes diferentemente expressos foram identificados no endométrio e estão associados com a presença e origem do embrião. Além disso, sEVs presentes nos meios condicionados (C.M.) por essas células embrionárias e endometriais contém diferentes miRNAs, que são preditos por modularem a via de sinalização da oxitocina. Finalmente, para compreender melhor se a comunicação entre o embrião, o endométrio e o corpo lúteo pode ser intermediada por sEVs, explantes luteais foram tratados com sEVs presentes nos C.M. por explantes endometriais cultivados sozinhos ou com um blastocisto bovino produzido in vivo ou in vitro no dia 7 do desenvolvimento. O perfil de miRNAs foi modificado nos explantes luteais tratados com essas sEVs e, nós podemos observar um efeito da presença e origem dos embriões nessas alterações. Juntos, esses resultados sugerem que sEVs intermedeiam a comunicação inicial entre o embrião, endométrio e o corpo lúteo, contribuindo para manter a viabilidade e funcionalidade luteal. Entretanto, futuros experimentos precisam ser realizados para avaliar efeitos biológicos específicos desses miRNAs carreados por essas sEVs no endométrio e no corpo lúteo. Além disso, a origem do embrião (in vivo ou in vitro) modifica as interações entre ele, o endométrio e o corpo lúteo, sugerindo fortemente que esses embriões tenham necessidades distintas para se desenvolverem

Extracellular Vesicles Mediated Early Embryo–Maternal Interactions

Embryo&ndash;maternal crosstalk is an important event that involves many biological processes, which must occur perfectly for pregnancy success. This complex communication starts from the zygote stage within the oviduct and continues in the uterus up to the end of pregnancy. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are part of this communication and carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA. Small EVs are present in the oviductal and uterine fluid and have important functions during fertilization and early embryonic development. Embryonic cells are able to uptake oviductal and endometrium-derived small EVs. Conversely, embryo-derived EVs might modulate oviductal and uterine function. In this review, our aim is to demonstrate the role of extracellular vesicles modulating embryo&ndash;maternal interactions during early pregnancy

Influência de diferentes movimentos dos membros superiores nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias da corrida em piscina funda

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Bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo culture in liquid marbles 3D culture system.

Despite the advances in in vitro embryo production (IVP) over the years, the technique still has limitations that need to be overcome. In cell cultures, it is already well established that three-dimensional culture techniques are more physiological and similar to the in vivo development. Liquid marble (LM) is a three-dimensional system based on the use of a hydrophobic substance to create in vitro microbioreactors. Thus, we hypothesized that the LM system improves bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo culture. In experiment I, bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed for in vitro maturation for 22h in two different groups: control (conventional 2D culture) and LM (three-dimensional culture). We found that oocyte nuclear maturation was not altered by the LM system, however it was observed a decrease in expression of genes important in the oocyte maturation process in cumulus cells of LM group (BCL2, EIF4E, and GAPDH). In experiment II, the COCs were conventionally matured and fertilized, and for culture, they were divided into LM or control groups. There was a decrease in blastocyst rate and cell counting, a down-regulation of miR-615 expression, and an increase in the DNA global methylation and hydroxymethylation in embryos of LM group. Therefore, for the bovine in vitro embryo production, this specific three-dimensional system did not present the advantages that we expected, but demonstrated that the embryos changed their development and epigenetics according to the culture system

Acquisition and maintenance of pluripotency are influenced by fibroblast growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and 2i in bovine-induced pluripotent stem cells.

Several opportunities for embryo development, stem cell maintenance, cell fate, and differentiation have emerged using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the difficulty in comparing bovine iPSCs (biPSCs) with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) was a challenge for many years. Here, we reprogrammed fetal fibroblasts by transient expression of the four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, collectively termed "OSKM" factors) and cultured in iPSC medium, supplemented with bFGF, bFGF2i, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or LIF2i, and then compared these biPSC lines with bESC to evaluate the pluripotent state. biPSC lines were generated in all experimental groups. Particularly, reprogrammed cells treated with bFGF were more efficient in promoting the acquisition of pluripotency. However, LIF2i treatment did not promote continuous self-renewal. biPSCs (line 2) labeled with GFP were injected into early embryos (day 4.5) to assess the potential to contribute to chimeric blastocysts. The biPSC lines show a pluripotency state and are differentiated into three embryonic layers. Moreover, biPSCs and bESCs labeled with GFP were able to contribute to chimeric blastocysts. Additionally, biPSCs have shown promising potential for contributing to chimeric blastocysts and for future studies

Effects of the different doses of adiponectin on markers of direct oxidative stress (AOPP)(A) and anti-oxidant capacity (FRAP and Nox)(B and C).

<p>(A)Compared to control cells, adiponectin treatment (in all doses tested) decreased the AOPP levels (ANOVA, P = 0.0003). (B and C) No differences were seen in terms of anti-oxidant capacity markers, namely FRAP and NoX. Data shown represents mean ± SEM (A) or median (IQ 25–75%) (B and C).</p

Effect of adiponectin on reduction of androstenedione serum levels (24h).

<p>Mice previously synchronized with equine gonadotropin chorionic (eCG), were submitted to one of the four different treatments: 1) Group 1- control (PBS), Group 2—adiponectin 0.1 μg/mL, Group 3—adiponectin 1 μg/mL, and Group 4—adiponectin 5 μg/mL. After 24 h the animals were euthanized and serum levels of androstenedione evaluated (mean ± SEM). There was a statistically significant reduction in adiponectin treated groups (ANOVA p = 0.01).</p