Corticotropin-releasing hormone as the homeostatic rheostat of feto-maternal symbiosis and developmental programming In utero and neonatal life

A balanced interaction between the homeostatic mechanisms of mother and the devel- oping organism during pregnancy and in early neonatal life is essential in order to ensure optimal fetal development, ability to respond to various external and internal challenges, protection from adverse programming, and safeguard maternal care availability after parturition. In the majority of pregnancies, this relationship is highly effective resulting in successful outcomes. However, in a number of pathological settings, perturbations of the maternal homeostasis disrupt this symbiosis and initiate adaptive responses with unpre- dictable outcomes for the fetus or even the neonate. This may lead to development of pathological phenotypes arising from developmental reprogramming involving interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental-driven pathways, sometimes with acute conse- quences (e.g., growth impairment) and sometimes delayed (e.g., enhanced susceptibility to disease) that last well into adulthood. Most of these adaptive mechanisms are activated and controlled by hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis under the influ- ence of placental steroid and peptide hormones. In particular, the hypothalamic peptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in feto-maternal communication by orchestrating and integrating a series of neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic, and behavioral responses. CRH also regulates neural networks involved in maternal behavior and this determines efficiency of maternal care and neonate interactions. This review will summarize our current understanding of CRH actions during the perinatal period, focusing on the physiological roles for both mother and offspring and also how external challenges can alter CRH actions and potentially impact on fetus/neonate health

Volume 08

Introduction from Interim Dean Dr. Jennifer Apperson Indigenous Peoples and the Modern Era by Meghan Enzinna Who Says : How Selena Gomez and the Scene Attempt to Subvert the Popular Standards of Beauty by Casey Dawn Gailey Art by Raven Collins Meltdown on Social Media: Amy\u27s Baking Company Meets Kitchen Nightmares by Nathena Haddrill Art by Chiara Enriquez Design by Amelia Mcconnell Worth More Than a Thousand Words: A Visual Rhetorical Discussion of Virtual Reality by Examining Clouds Over Sidra by Alexander Morton Design by Emma Beckett The Sonata: An Analysis of Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. 457 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart by Leah G. Parr Art by Briana Adhikusuma Skewed Perceptions of Masculinity in Chris Lynch\u27s Inexcusable by Taylor Embrey Photography by Rowan Davis Joy Like Short Grass : Death in James Dickey\u27s the Eagle\u27s Mile by Danielle Sisson Poster by Bianca Cherry Design by Melissa Cacho A Writer\u27s Evolution: Connecting Academic and Workplace Writing Within the Field of Nursing by Chloé Woodward Background and Research Designs on Service Dogs for Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder by Catherine Rollins Photography by Carson Reeher Design by Landon Cooper Wallace Stevens: Meaning in Nature and Its Elements by Haley Vasquez Photography by Marlisha Stewart Building an Arcade Machine to Do Interdisciplinary Research into What Makes People Like Video Games by Eric Whitehead Poster by Sabrina Walker Design by James Bate

Volume 09

Introduction Dr. Roger A. Byrne Islamic Radicalization of Women in The United Kingdom by Mackenzie Adamson Harmony by Chad Benton The Rhetoric of Distrust: A Dangerous Game During the 2016 Presidential Campaign by Garrett Badgley Neither Man nor Monster: Frankenstein\u27s Creature as Posthuman by Anna Bultrowicz Holisticrx by Kelsey Daniel Reality Bytes: Identity in the Virtual World of Ernest Cline\u27s Ready Player One by Taylor Embrey Animation by Jose Romero Sue Klebold\u27s a Mother\u27s Reckoning: A Call to Action for Mental Health Advocacy by Taylor Hughes Hillary Clinton\u27s Rhetoric of Gender Inequality: The Past, the Present, nd the (Hypothetical) Future by Haley Klepatzki Against the Grain: Eat Gluten Free by Emily Spittle Following Judith: A Midrashic Approach to the Book of Judith by Kelsey Longnaker Identity and Dialect Adaptation: The Effect of Geography and Community on Dialect by Alexis Paige Manuel These are the Gardens Of The Desert : The Revolutionary Impact Of Bryant\u27s The Prairies on American Literature by Montana Nelson Beauty is Pain: Eating Disorders, Gender, and the Lies We Feed Young Women By Faith Shelton Be a Man: The Eradication of Gender in Y: The Last Man by Joseph Stearman A Computational Study of Molecular Electronics: The Role of Molecular Structure by John Brumfield The Importance of Voting by Monica Mcgraw Method for The Detection and Removal of Antibiotics in Bottled Water by Jayden Metzger Small Chimp Print by Maddie Smith Mental Health Impairments in Rural Communities by Lyndsey Swinhart F@#* That: The Effects of Swearing and Influence of Authority on Stress Level by Amanda N. Chappell And Haley C. Moore Friend or Faux? Prosocial and Antisocial Social Media Use and Personality Traits by Samantha Burgess, Heather Dunbar, Briana Hackett, Jackie Mcmillion, Kiana Simpkins, And Ta\u27miya Vanhook-Davis There\u27s Someone in My Head but It’s Not Me : Attitudes About Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychological Disorders by Kiana Simpkins, Lindsey Sparrock, And Leonie Verstraete Efflorescent Bonds by Kristen Melton Shower Thoughts by Ryan Bultrowic

(2018-2019) Assembly Resolution 10: In Support of Maintaining the University of Texas at Austin's Current Title IX Policies

Governmen

Neuropathologic validation of the Alzheimer\u27s Questionnaire

The Alzheimer\u27s Questionnaire (AQ) is an informant-based screening tool with good diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The aim of this study is to validate the AQ with AD-associated neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology. Data from 205 prospectively followed autopsy cases clinically classified as AD (n = 90), aMCI (n = 42), or cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 73) were used. Semi-quantitative measures of NP and NFT pathology were correlated with the AQ, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). The AQ correlated significantly (p \u3c 0.001) with NP load (r = 0.37) and NFT load (r = 0.57). The MMSE and CDR-SOB showed similar correlations with NP load (r = - 0.37, r = 0.35, respectively) and NFT load (r = - 0.58, r = 0.55, respectively). The AQ correlates well with NP and NFT pathology of AD, which provides additional confidence to clinicians using the AQ to screen for AD-related cognitive impairment

B1 Cell IgE Impedes Mast Cell-Mediated Enhancement of Parasite Expulsion through B2 IgE Blockade

Summary: Helminth infection is known for generating large amounts of poly-specific IgE. Here we demonstrate that innate-like B1 cells are responsible for this IgE production during infection with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. In vitro analysis of B1 cell immunoglobulin class switch recombination to IgE demonstrated a requirement for anti-CD40 and IL-4 that was further enhanced when IL-5 was added or when the B1 source was helminth infected mice. An IL-25-induced upregulation of IgE in B1 cells was also demonstrated. In T cell-reconstituted RAG1−/− mice, N. brasiliensis clearance was enhanced with the addition of B2 cells in an IgE-dependent manner. This enhanced clearance was impeded by reconstitution with IgE sufficient B1 cells. Mucosal mast cells mediated the B2 cell enhancement of clearance in the absence of B1 cells. The data support B1 cell IgE secretion as a regulatory response exploited by the helminth

Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 (DARC/ACKR1) in Breast Tumors Is Associated with Survival, Circulating Chemokines, Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells, and African Ancestry

BACKGROUND: Tumor-specific immune response is an important aspect of disease prognosis and ultimately impacts treatment decisions for innovative immunotherapies. The atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1 or DARC) gene plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and harbors several single-nucleotide variants (SNV) that are specific to sub-Saharan African ancestry. METHODS: Using computational The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, case-control clinical cohort Luminex assays, and CIBERSORT deconvolution, we identified distinct immune cell profile-associated DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression and race with increased macrophage subtypes and regulatory T cells in DARC/ACKR1-high tumors. RESULTS: In this study, we report the clinical relevance of DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression in breast cancer, in the context of a tumor immune response that may be associated with sub-Saharan African ancestry. Briefly, we found that for infiltrating carcinomas, African Americans have a higher proportion of DARC/ACKR1-negative tumors compared with white Americans, and DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression is correlated with proinflammatory chemokines, CCL2/MCP-1 (P \u3c0.0001) and anticorrelated with CXCL8/IL8 (P \u3c0.0001). Sub-Saharan African-specific DARC/ACKR1 alleles likely drive these correlations. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in individuals with DARC/ACKR1-high tumors (P \u3c1.0 x 10(-16) and P \u3c2.2 x 10(-6), respectively) across all molecular tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: DARC/AKCR1 regulates immune responses in tumors, and its expression is associated with sub-Saharan African-specific alleles. DARC/ACKR1-positive tumors will have a distinct immune response compared with DARC/AKCR1-negative tumors. IMPACT: This study has high relevance in cancer management, as we introduce a functional regulator of inflammatory chemokines that can determine an infiltrating tumor immune cell landscape that is distinct among patients of African ancestry

Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 (DARC/ACKR1) in Breast Tumors Is Associated with Survival, Circulating Chemokines, Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells, and African Ancestry

BACKGROUND: Tumor-specific immune response is an important aspect of disease prognosis and ultimately impacts treatment decisions for innovative immunotherapies. The atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1 or DARC) gene plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and harbors several single-nucleotide variants (SNV) that are specific to sub-Saharan African ancestry. METHODS: Using computational The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, case-control clinical cohort Luminex assays, and CIBERSORT deconvolution, we identified distinct immune cell profile-associated DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression and race with increased macrophage subtypes and regulatory T cells in DARC/ACKR1-high tumors. RESULTS: In this study, we report the clinical relevance of DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression in breast cancer, in the context of a tumor immune response that may be associated with sub-Saharan African ancestry. Briefly, we found that for infiltrating carcinomas, African Americans have a higher proportion of DARC/ACKR1-negative tumors compared with white Americans, and DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression is correlated with proinflammatory chemokines, CCL2/MCP-1 (P \u3c0.0001) and anticorrelated with CXCL8/IL8 (P \u3c0.0001). Sub-Saharan African-specific DARC/ACKR1 alleles likely drive these correlations. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in individuals with DARC/ACKR1-high tumors (P \u3c1.0 x 10(-16) and P \u3c2.2 x 10(-6), respectively) across all molecular tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: DARC/AKCR1 regulates immune responses in tumors, and its expression is associated with sub-Saharan African-specific alleles. DARC/ACKR1-positive tumors will have a distinct immune response compared with DARC/AKCR1-negative tumors. IMPACT: This study has high relevance in cancer management, as we introduce a functional regulator of inflammatory chemokines that can determine an infiltrating tumor immune cell landscape that is distinct among patients of African ancestry