Integrating Process Inquiry And The Case Method In The Study Of IS Failure

This paper examines the integration of process inquiry and the case method in the study of IS failure. Having acknowledged the prevalence of IS failure and the need for continued inquiry in this domain the two predominant methods of enquiry, failure factor studies and IS failure case studies, are described along with the utility of both methods. The paper then examines the nature of case study research and notes its utility for the study of IS failure in real life settings. The nature of process inquiry is then examined and its applicability for the study of IS failure as a process is noted. The paper then describes how process inquiry is integrated with the case method as a six stage approach for conducting a case inquiry incorporating narrative, mechanisms, and other process-based data analysis methods

BEYOND THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT OF FAILURE: THE CURIOUS CASE OF ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS FAILURE RATES (19)

In the studies on Enterprise Systems (ES), different failure rates ranging from 50 to 90 percent are often reported. Despite these reported failure rates, ES market witnesses continuous growth. This paper presents a review of ES failure rates and critically analyses the numbers reported within their original context as well as in the context of various definitions of failure. We find that the reported high failure rates are historical, lack a consistent definition and lack an adequate understanding of ES outcomes. We find that ES outcomes are often complex, time-dependent, multi-dimensional and constructionist in nature. Based on this analysis, implications for ES research are discussed

Detection of ROS Induced Proteomic Signatures by Mass Spectrometry

Reversible and irreversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) induced by endogenously generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulatory enzymes and proteins plays an essential role in cellular signaling. Almost all cellular processes including metabolism, transcription, translation and degradation have been identified as containing redox regulated proteins. Specific redox modifications of key amino acids generated by ROS offers a dynamic and versatile means to rapidly alter the activity or functional structure of proteins in response to biochemical, environmental, genetic and pathological perturbations. How the proteome responds to these stimuli is of critical importance in oxidant physiology, as it can regulate the cell stress response by reversible and irreversible PTMs, affecting protein activity and protein-protein interactions. Due to the highly labile nature of many ROS species, applying redox proteomics can provide a signature footprint of the ROS species generated. Ideally redox proteomic approaches would allow; (1) the identification of the specific PTM, (2) identification of the amino acid residue that is modified and (3) the percentage of the protein containing the PTM. New developments in MS offer the opportunity of a more sensitive targeted proteomic approach and retrospective data analysis. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis can provide an insight into the biochemical and physiological pathways or cell signaling cascades that are affected by ROS generation. This mini-review will detail current redox proteomic approaches to identify and quantify ROS induced PTMs and the subsequent effects on cellular signaling

The Effect of Fee Shifting On Litigation: Evidence from a Policy Innovation in Intermediate Cost Shifting

We study the effect of fee shifting rules on litigation. First, we build a model to study the theoretical effect that a change in cost-recovery rules has on case filings, (post-filing) settlement, win rates, and plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures. We then undertake an empirical analysis of the introduction of an intermediate cost shifting rule that falls between the English and American Rules: a reform that limits the size of fee awards to successful litigants in cases decided by the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC), one of two venues where IP cases may be filed in England and Wales. Our empirical analysis takes advantage of heterogeneity among case types and compares IPEC cases with intellectual property cases litigated at the High Court of England andWales, which was not subject to this reform. We find that the cap on recoverable costs increased the number of patent cases filed, decreased the plaintiff win rate, and decreased plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures

The Effect of Fee Shifting On Litigation: Evidence from a Policy Innovation in Intermediate Cost Shifting

We study the effect of fee shifting rules on litigation. First, we build a model to study the theoretical effect that a change in cost-recovery rules has on case filings, (post-filing) settlement, win rates, and plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures. We then undertake an empirical analysis of the introduction of an intermediate cost shifting rule that falls between the English and American Rules: a reform that limits the size of fee awards to successful litigants in cases decided by the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC), one of two venues where IP cases may be filed in England and Wales. Our empirical analysis takes advantage of heterogeneity among case types and compares IPEC cases with intellectual property cases litigated at the High Court of England andWales, which was not subject to this reform. We find that the cap on recoverable costs increased the number of patent cases filed, decreased the plaintiff win rate, and decreased plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures

Global and full-depth ocean temperature trends during the early twenty-first century from Argo and repeat hydrography

The early 21st century’s warming trend of the full-depth global ocean is calculated by combining the analysis of Argo (top 2000m) and repeat hydrography into a blended full-depth observing system. The surface-to-bottom temperature change over the last decade of sustained observation is equivalent to a heat uptake of 0.72 ± 0.09 W m?2 applied over the surface of the earth, 90% of it being found above 2000m depth. We decompose the temperature trend point-wise into changes in isopycnal depth (heave) and temperature changes along an isopycnal (spiciness) to describe the mechanisms controlling the variability. The heave component dominates the global heat content increase, with the largest trends found in the southern hemisphere’s extratropics (0 - 2000m) highlighting a volumetric increase of subtropical mode waters. Significant heave-related warming is also found in the deep North Atlantic and Southern Ocean (2000m - 4000m), reflecting a potential decrease in deep water mass renewal rates. The spiciness component shows its strongest contribution at intermediate levels (700m - 2000m), with striking localised warming signals in regions of intense vertical mixing (North Atlantic and Southern oceans). Finally, the agreement between the independent Argo and repeat hydrography temperature changes at 2000m provides an overall good confidence in the blended heat content evaluation on global and ocean scales, but also highlights basin scale discrepancies between the two independent estimates. Those mismatches are largest in those basins with the largest heave signature (Southern Ocean) and reflect both the temporal and spatial sparseness of the hydrography sampling