Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Kings River and Leatherwood Creek

The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the basic structure used to regulate water quality. Under the CWA, States are required to assess water bodies relative to water‐quality standards and designated beneficial uses and then to submit lists of impaired bodies every other year to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In 2015, at least 4,800 water bodies were listed as impaired by dissolved oxygen across the US (USEPA, 2015). Aquatic species like fish and macroinvertebrates depend on adequate dissolved oxygen for survival. Low dissolved oxygen can lead to fish kills, reduced aquatic diversity, and nuisance smells from anaerobic conditions – ultimately, low dissolved oxygen concentrations result in water bodies not being able to meet the aquatic life designated use

Условия формирования и проблемы функционирования крупных диверсифицированных производственно-корпоративных структур в Украине

У статті розглянуто умови формування та функціонування, а також історія розвитку великих диверсифікованих виробничо-корпоративних структур в Україні. Пропонуються підходи оцінки результативності процесу диверсифікації з використанням різних методик. Визначено, що в даний час оцінка результативності процесу диверсифікації можлива лише непрямими математичними методами.В статье рассмотрены условия формирования и функционирования, а также история развития крупных диверсифицированных производственно-корпоративных структур в Украине. Предлагаются подходы оценки результативности процесса диверсификации с использованием разных методик. Определено, что в настоящее время оценка результативности процесса диверсификации возможна лишь косвенными математическими методами.In the article address the formation and functioning of the conditions, as well as story development of large industrial and corporate structures, becoming diversification in Ukraine. Proposes approaches assessing impact of the process of diversification, using of different methods. Proved that the current performance assessment process of diversification can only be indirect mathematical methods

Interactive Skill in Scrabble

An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that people sometimes take physical actions to make themselves more effective problem solvers. The task was to generate all possible words that could be formed from seven Scrabble letters. In one condition, participants could use their hands to manipulate the letters, and in another condition, they could not. Results show that more words were generated with physical manipulation than without. However, an interaction was obtained between the physical manipulation conditions and the specific letter sets chosen, indicating that physical manipulation helps more for generating words in some circumstances than in others. Overall, our findings can be explained in terms of an interactive search process in which external, physical activity effectively complements internal, cognitive activity. Within this framework, the interaction can be explained in terms of the relative difficulty of generating words from the letters given in the different sets

Final Report to Governors from the Joint Study Committee and Scientific Professionals

The intent of this publication of the Arkansas Water Resources Center is to provide a location whereby a final report on water research to a funding entity can be archived. The States of Arkansas and Oklahoma signed the Second Statement of Joint Principles and Actions in 2013 to form a governors’ appointed ‘Joint Study Committee’ to oversee the ‘Joint Study’ and make recommendations on the phosphorus criteria in Oklahoma’s Scenic Rivers. This publication has maintained the original format of the report as submitted to the Governors of Arkansas and Oklahoma

Intramolecular vinylation of carbanions using N-acyl benzomorpholines as masked vinylureas and vinylcarbamates

Treatment of urea or carbamate derived benzomorpholines with lithium diisopropylamide generates N-vinyl ureas or N-vinyl carbamates by elimination of a phenoxide anion, cleaving the benzomorpholine ring. Simultaneous formation of a carbanion a to a stabilising aryl or nitrile group allows migration of the newly formed N-vinyl substituent to the carbanionic centre, in some cases with high enantiospecificity. Mild hydrolysis of the resulting urea or carbamate returns a C-vinylated amine, alcohol or hydantoin, in some cases with high enantiomeric purity. This 'masked' vinylation strategy avoids the need to use the reactive and volatile vinyl isocyanate as a starting material. (C) 2017 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Applying Large Language Models for Causal Structure Learning in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Causal discovery is becoming a key part in medical AI research. These methods can enhance healthcare by identifying causal links between biomarkers, demographics, treatments and outcomes. They can aid medical professionals in choosing more impactful treatments and strategies. In parallel, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in identifying patterns and generating insights from text data. In this paper we investigate applying LLMs to the problem of determining the directionality of edges in causal discovery. Specifically, we test our approach on a deidentified set of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) patients that have both electronic health record and genomic panel data. Graphs are validated using Bayesian Dirichlet estimators using tabular data. Our result shows that LLMs can accurately predict the directionality of edges in causal graphs, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods. These findings suggests that LLMs can play a significant role in advancing causal discovery and help us better understand complex systems

Lauraceous Flowers from the Eocene of Vancouver Island: Tinaflora beardiae gen. et sp nov (Lauraceae)

Premise of research. Twenty-one permineralized fossil flowers assignable to Lauraceae from the Eocene Appian Way locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, provide important anatomical and morphological data for interpreting evolutionary patterns in this diverse magnoliid family. Methodology. Consecutive anatomical sections were prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Morphology and anatomy of the flowers were determined from anatomical sections, and three-dimensional reconstructions were rendered from serial sections using the software Amira. Pivotal results. Fossil flowers with oil bodies, trichomes, pollen, ovary anatomy, and other characters have allowed for the reconstruction of actinomorphic, pedicellate, and trimerous flowers with tepals in two whorls adnate to a shallow hypanthium. Nine fertile stamens occur in three whorls, the innermost of which bears paired glandular appendages, and a fourth whorl of sagittate staminodes surrounds the carpel. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. Stamens of the two outer whorls have median pollen sacs that are shorter than the two marginal pollen sacs. Third-whorl stamens have median pollen sacs that are longer than the marginal pollen sacs. Anthers of the first and second whorls are introrse, while the third-whorl anthers are extrorse. The fossil flowers have diagnostic characters of Lauraceae and are compared to flowers of extinct and extant taxa. Conclusions. The Eocene floral remains are assigned to Tinaflora beardiae gen. et sp. nov. We infer some aspects of floral biology based on different stages of development preserved among the fossils. The combination of well-preserved floral organs and in situ pollen is rare in the fossil record, allowing T. beardiae to expand the diversity of lauraceous floral morphology and provide further evidence for an Eocene radiation of the family in Laurasia.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by University of Chicago Press and can be found at: http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/ijps.htmlKeywords: Lauraceae, Eocene, Neocinnamomum, flowers, fossilsKeywords: Lauraceae, Eocene, Neocinnamomum, flowers, fossil

Steric exclusion and wrapping of the excluded DNA strand occurs along discrete external binding paths during MCM helicase unwinding

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase complex is essential for the initiation and elongation of DNA replication in both the eukaryotic and archaeal domains. The archaeal homohexameric MCM helicase from Sulfolobus solfataricus serves as a model for understanding mechanisms of DNA unwinding. In this report, the displaced 5′-tail is shown to provide stability to the MCM complex on DNA and contribute to unwinding. Mutations in a positively charged patch on the exterior surface of the MCM hexamer destabilize this interaction, alter the path of the displaced 5′-tail DNA and reduce unwinding. DNA footprinting and single-molecule fluorescence experiments support a previously unrecognized wrapping of the 5′-tail. This mode of hexameric helicase DNA unwinding is termed the steric exclusion and wrapping (SEW) model, where the 3′-tail is encircled by the helicase while the displaced 5′-tail wraps around defined paths on the exterior of the helicase. The novel wrapping mechanism stabilizes the MCM complex in a positive unwinding mode, protects the displaced single-stranded DNA tail and prevents reannealing

Health System, Community-Based, or Usual Dementia Care for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers

ImportanceThe effectiveness of different approaches to dementia care is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of health system-based, community-based dementia care, and usual care for persons with dementia and for caregiver outcomes.Design, setting, and participantsRandomized clinical trial of community-dwelling persons living with dementia and their caregivers conducted at 4 sites in the US (enrollment June 2019-January 2023; final follow-up, August 2023).InterventionsParticipants were randomized 7:7:1 to health system-based care provided by an advanced practice dementia care specialist (n = 1016); community-based care provided by a social worker, nurse, or licensed therapist care consultant (n = 1016); or usual care (n = 144).Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes were caregiver-reported Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) severity score for persons living with dementia (range, 0-36; higher scores, greater behavioral symptoms severity; minimal clinically important difference [MCID], 2.8-3.2) and Modified Caregiver Strain Index for caregivers (range, 0-26; higher scores, greater strain; MCID, 1.5-2.3). Three secondary outcomes included caregiver self-efficacy (range, 4-20; higher scores, more self-efficacy).ResultsAmong 2176 dyads (individuals with dementia, mean age, 80.6 years; 58.4%, female; and 20.6%, Black or Hispanic; caregivers, mean age, 65.2 years; 75.8%, female; and 20.8% Black or Hispanic), primary outcomes were assessed for more than 99% of participants, and 1343 participants (62% of those enrolled and 91% still alive and had not withdrawn) completed the study through 18 months. No significant differences existed between the 2 treatments or between treatments vs usual care for the primary outcomes. Overall, the least squares means (LSMs) for NPI-Q scores were 9.8 for health system, 9.5 for community-based, and 10.1 for usual care. The difference between health system vs community-based care was 0.30 (97.5% CI, -0.18 to 0.78); health system vs usual care, -0.33 (97.5% CI, -1.32 to 0.67); and community-based vs usual care, -0.62 (97.5% CI, -1.61 to 0.37). The LSMs for the Modified Caregiver Strain Index were 10.7 for health system, 10.5 for community-based, and 10.6 for usual care. The difference between health system vs community-based care was 0.25 (97.5% CI, -0.16 to 0.66); health system vs usual care, 0.14 (97.5% CI, -0.70 to 0.99); and community-based vs usual care, -0.10 (97.5% CI, -0.94 to 0.74). Only the secondary outcome of caregiver self-efficacy was significantly higher for both treatments vs usual care but not between treatments: LSMs were 15.1 for health system, 15.2 for community-based, and 14.4 for usual care. The difference between health system vs community-based care was -0.16 (95% CI, -0.37 to 0.06); health system vs usual care, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.26-1.14); and community-based vs usual care, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.42 to 1.29).Conclusions and relevanceIn this randomized trial of dementia care programs, no significant differences existed between health system-based and community-based care interventions nor between either active intervention or usual care regarding patient behavioral symptoms and caregiver strain.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03786471