721 research outputs found
Immigrants and Homeownership in Urban America: An Examination of Nativity, Socio-economic Status and Place
A unique pilot project conducted in America's small and medium-sized cities shows that broad-based community coalitions can proactively integrate the newcomers who are increasingly transforming Main St., USA. In the first project of its kind, a consortium of leading organizations in three mid-sized metropolitan areas undertook inclusive community-building. The project's final report contains valuable findings for policymakers, funders and organizations collectively approaching the challenge of helping newcomers adapt to their new communities and local communities welcome newcomers
Sin Nombre Virus Infection in Field Workers, Colorado, USA
We report 2 cases of Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infection in field workers, possibly contracted through rodent bites. Screening for antibodies to SNV in rodents trapped in 2 seasons showed that 9.77% were seropositive. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that 2 of 79 deer mice had detectable titers of SNV RNA
Skill tests of three-dimensional tidal currents in a global ocean model: A look at the North Atlantic
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92458/1/jgr_timkoetal_northatlatnictidalcurrentskilltest_2012.pd
When Reintroductions are Augmentations: The Genetic Legacy of Fishers (Martes Pennanti) in Montana
Fishers (Martes pennanti) were purportedly extirpated from Montana by 1930 and extant populations are assumed to be descended from translocated fishers. To determine the lineage of fisher populations, we sequenced 2 regions of the mitochondrial DNA genome from 207 tissue samples from British Columbia, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Montana. In northwestern Montana, fishers share haplotypes with samples from the upper Midwest and British Columbia; in west-central Montana, we detected haplotypes found in British Columbia samples, but also detected a control region and cytochrome-b haplotype not found in source populations. Based on the unique haplotypes found in west-central Montana, we propose that individuals with these haplotypes are descended from a relic population. Fishers in northwestern Montana are likely descended from fishers from the Midwest and British Columbia
Accuracy Assessment of Global Internal-Tide Models Using Satellite Altimetry
Altimeter measurements are corrected for several geophysical parameters in order to access ocean signals of interest, like mesoscale or sub-mesoscale variability. The ocean tide is one of the most critical corrections due to the amplitude of the tidal elevations and to the aliasing phenomena of high-frequency signals into the lower-frequency band, but the internal-tide signatures at the ocean surface are not yet corrected globally. Internal tides can have a signature of several centimeters at the surface with wavelengths of about 50â250âkm for the first mode and even smaller scales for higher-order modes. The goals of the upcoming Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission and other high-resolution ocean measurements make the correction of these small-scale signals a challenge, as the correction of all tidal variability becomes mandatory to access accurate measurements of other oceanic signals. In this context, several scientific teams are working on the development of new internal-tide models, taking advantage of the very long altimeter time series now available, which represent an unprecedented and valuable global ocean database. The internal-tide models presented here focus on the coherent internal-tide signal and they are of three types: empirical models based upon analysis of existing altimeter missions, an assimilative model and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. A detailed comparison and validation of these internal-tide models is proposed using existing satellite altimeter databases. The analysis focuses on the four main tidal constituents: M2, K1, O1 and S2. The validation process is based on a statistical analysis of multi-mission altimetry including Jason-2 and Cryosphere Satellite-2 data. The results show a significant altimeter variance reduction when using internal-tide corrections in all ocean regions where internal tides are generating or propagating. A complementary spectral analysis also gives some estimation of the performance of each model as a function of wavelength and some insight into the residual non-stationary part of internal tides in the different regions of interest. This work led to the implementation of a new internal-tide correction (ZARON\u27one) in the next geophysical data records version-F (GDR-F) standards
Lamin A Îexon9 mutation leads to telomere and chromatin defects but not genomic instability
Over 300 mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding A-type lamins, are associated with 15 human degenerative disorders and premature aging syndromes. Although genomic instability seems to contribute to the pathophysiology of some laminopathies, there is limited information about what mutations cause genomic instability and by which molecular mechanisms. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts depleted of A-type lamins or expressing mutants lacking exons 8â11 (Lmna(Î8â11/Î8â11)) exhibit alterations in telomere biology and DNA repair caused by cathepsin L-mediated degradation of 53BP1 and reduced expression of BRCA1 and RAD51. Thus, a region encompassing exons 8â11 seems essential for genome integrity. Given that deletion of lamin A exon 9 in the mouse (Lmna(Î9/Î9)) results in a progeria phenotype, we tested if this domain is important for genome integrity. Lmna(Î9/Î9) MEFs exhibit telomere shortening and heterochromatin alterations but do not activate cathepsin L-mediated degradation of 53BP1 and maintain expression of BRCA1 and RAD51. Accordingly, Lmna(Î9/Î9) MEFs do not present genomic instability, and expression of mutant lamin A Îexon9 in lamin-depleted cells restores DNA repair factors levels and partially rescues nuclear abnormalities. These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Î8â11/Î8â11) mice. Our study also suggests that the levels of DNA repair factors 53BP1, BRCA1 and RAD51 could potentially serve as biomarkers to identify laminopathies that present with genomic instability
Toward an Integrative Geological and Geophysical View of Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes
The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is an exceptional geologic environment for recording evidence of land-level changes, tsunamis, and ground motion that reveals at least 19 great megathrust earthquakes over the past 10 kyr. Such earthquakes are among the most impactful natural hazards on Earth, transcend national boundaries, and can have global impact.Reducing the societal impacts of future events in the US Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, Canada, requires improved scientific understanding of megathrust earthquake rupture, recurrence, and corresponding hazards. Despite substantial knowledge gained from decades of research, large uncertainties remain about the characteristics and frequencies of past CSZ earthquakes. In this review, we summarize geological, geophysical, and instrumental evidence relevant to understanding megathrust earthquakes along the CSZ and associated uncertainties. We discuss how the evidence constrains various models of great megathrust earthquake recurrence in Cascadia and identify potential paths forward for the earthquake science community
LDL-cholesterol lowering and clinical outcomes in hypercholesterolemic subjects with and without a familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype: Analysis from the secondary prevention 4S trial
Background and aims: Trial evidence for the benefits of cholesterol-lowering is limited for familial hypercho lesterolemia (FH) patients, since they have not been the focus of large outcome trials. We assess statin use in
coronary artery disease (CAD) subjects with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) â„4.9 mmol/L with or
without an FH phenotype.
Methods: The 4S trial randomized hypercholesterolemic CAD patients to simvastatin or placebo. We first strat ified participants into baseline LDL-C <4.9 and â„ 4.9 mmol/L; next, based on the DLCN criteria for FH, the latter
group was stratified into four subgroups by presence of none, one or both of âpremature CADâ and âfamily
history of CADâ. Participants having both are defined as having an FH phenotype.
Results: 2267 and 2164 participants had LDL-C <4.9 and â„ 4.9 mmol/L, respectively. Mortality endpoints and
major coronary events (MCE) were significantly reduced with simvastatin versus placebo in both groups over 5.4
years, but the latter derived greater absolute risk reductions (ARR) (4.1â4.3% for mortality endpoints, versus
2.5â2.8%).
LDL-C reductions were similar among the 4 subgroups with levels â„4.9 mmol/L. Participants with FH phenotype
(n = 152) appeared to derive greater relative benefits with simvastatin than the other three subgroups (all-cause
death: 84% relative risk reduction, p = 0.046; MCE: 55% reduction, p = 0.0297); statistical interaction was non significant. Participants with FH phenotype derived greater ARR than any other group with simvastatin versus
placebo (all-cause mortality: 6.6% ARR; MCE 13.2%; versus 3.8% and 8.3%, respectively, among participants
with LDL-C â„4.9 mmol/L but without features suggestive of FH).
Conclusions: The FH phenotype appeared to be associated with greater clinical benefits from a given magnitude of
LDL-C reduction as compared to individuals without FH phenotype
Metabolic signatures of Huntington's disease (HD): 1H NMR analysis of the polar metabolome in post mortem human brain
Radical Surgery in the Treatment of Localized Carcinoma of the Prostate
New methods of early detection combined with recent advances in surgical techniques have resulted in more patients undergoing radical surgery for treatment of localized carcinoma of the prostate. Over 350 radical prostatectomies have been performed by our group since January 1987. We review the role of radical prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer and our experience with 100 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy since the advent of nerve-sparing techniques to preserve potency
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