Social cognition approach to reporting chronic conditions in health surveys

[by Marilynn B. Brewer, Valerie T. Dull, and Jared B. Jobe]."This research was a part of a larger project entitled "Laboratory-based Research on the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology" being conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics under a grant #SES 84-03415 from the National Science Foundation."--T.p. verso."October 1989.""DHHS contract no. 282-2123."Bibliography: p. 13

Summer Institute in Political Psychology (SIPP)

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.For the past twelve years, the Ohio State University has organized a Summer Institute in Political Psychology (SIPP) in conjunction with the International Society of Political Psychology. Each morning, a member of SIPP’s guest faculty will present his or her current research. This is not necessarily just a lecture; it is an opportunity to learn about ongoing study in political psychology, learn cutting-edge methodologies and explore substantive and professional issues in this work. Each session allows for Q and A and substantial intellectual exchanges among faulty and students.Mershon Center for International Security StudiesInternational Society of Political Psychologyevent webpag

Gender Differences in the Relational and Collective Bases for Trust

A variety of research suggests that men and women differ in their interdependent orientation: whereas women tend to be more relationally interdependent, men tend to be more collectively interdependent (e.g. Gabriel & Gardner, 1999). The current study sought to investigate differences in interdependence within the domain of trust. In particular, the authors predicted that men would tend to trust individuals based on whether or not they shared group memberships. On the other hand, women were predicted to trust those who shared direct or indirect relationship connections. Results from an online trust-dilemma game supported these predictions. Implications for our understanding of the impact of gender on social identity and self-representation are discussed

Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms

We examine how two highly successful new biotechnology firms (NBFs) source their most critical input -- scientific knowledge. We find that scientists at the two NBFs enter into large numbers of collaborative research efforts with scientists at other organizations, especially universities. Formal market contracts are rarely used to govern these exchanges of scientific knowledge. Our findings suggest that the use of boundary-spanning social networks by the two NBFs increases both their learning and their flexibility in ways that would not be possible within a self-contained hierarchical organization.

Parochial Altruism and Political Ideology

Parochial altruism refers to the propensity to direct prosocial behavior toward members of one\u27s own ingroup to a greater extent than toward those outside one\u27s group. Both theory and empirical research suggest that parochialism may be linked to political ideology, with conservatives more likely than liberals to exhibit ingroup bias in altruistic behavior. The present study, conducted in the United States and Italy, tested this relationship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing willingness to contribute money to charities at different levels of inclusiveness—local versus national versus international. Results indicated that conservatives contributed less money overall and were more likely to limit their contribution to the local charity while liberals were significantly more likely to contribute to national and international charities, exhibiting less parochialism. Conservatives and liberals also differed in social identification and trust, with conservatives higher in social identity and trust at the local and national levels and liberals higher in global social identity and trust in global others. Differences in global social identity partially accounted for the effects of political ideology on donations

Exposure to COVID-19 Is Associated With Increased Altruism, Particularly at the Local Level

Theory posits that situations of existential threat will enhance prosociality in general and particularly toward others perceived as belonging to the same group as the individual (parochial altruism). Yet, the global character of the COVID-19 pandemic may blur boundaries between ingroups and outgroups and engage altruism at a broader level. In an online experiment, participants from the U.S. and Italy chose whether to allocate a monetary bonus to a charity active in COVID-19 relief efforts at the local, national, or international level. The purpose was to address two important questions about charitable giving in this context: first, what influences the propensity to give, and second, how is charitable giving distributed across different levels of collective welfare? We found that personal exposure to COVID-19 increased donations relative to those not exposed, even as levels of environmental exposure (numbers of cases locally) had no effect. With respect to targets of giving, we found that donors predominantly benefitted the local level; donations toward country and world levels were half as large. Social identity was found to influence charity choice in both countries, although an experimental manipulation of identity salience did not have any direct effect