Augmenting Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) With Error and Threat Management Training in Young Pilots

The purpose of the presentation is to share best practices used to teach the Threat and Error Management (TEM) framework as a decision-making starting point to adolescent pilots (under 18 years). There is limited research data available on the use of BATD/AATD for teaching aeronautical decision-making and risk management in private pilot certificate training. FAA-S-ACS-6B does not adequately address the strategies and learning outcomes necessary for evaluating aeronautical decision-making other than stating that the evaluator must reference risk management elements of the ACS tasks and develop scenarios “that incorporate and combine tasks appropriate to assessing the applicant’s risk management in making safe aeronautical decisions”. Why adolescent pilots? There are a growing number of high schools offering concentrations in STEM and aerospace to teach critical skills needed to fill jobs and build the pipeline of pilots. The shortage is so severe that the Air Force Junior ROTC (AFJROTC) recently applied for an FAA age Waiver Exemption to 16-years for the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF) Private Pilot Scholarship Flight Academy program. One of the key factors in the decision to grant such a waiver relates to whether or not 16-year-olds are mature enough to make aeronautical decisions. In this presentation, we will share the efforts, lessons learned, and results of the authors to teach aeronautical decision-making to pilots under 18 years as a means to improve safety, reinforce judgment and instill professionalism at an early age

Strategies to Reduce Fall Rates in a Long-Term Care Facility

AbstractFalls among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) pose significant threats to their health and quality of life, as falls often lead to life-threatening injuries such as traumatic brain injury and hip fractures. The etiology of the falls is multifactorial and complex; thus, interventions to reduce the falls typically combine two or more evidence-based interventions. The objective of this doctorate project was to develop an evidenced-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) outlining a multifaceted, evidenced-based bundled set of interventions for a fall prevention program to reduce falls for elderly patients living in the LTCFs. Lewin’s 3-step model of change was used to inform this project’s planning and evaluation of the CPG. Peer-reviewed journal articles and published clinical practice guidelines were the sources of evidence for the CPG development. Inclusion selection criteria considered evidence rated at Levels I to IV based on the AGREE II tool method and published later than 2011, preferably in the latest 5 years. Staff (N = 23) inclusive of members of the project team of stakeholders representing registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and certified nursing assistants assessed the CPG for its quality and usability. This CPG had an overall quality rating of 5.4 (based on a Likert scale ranging from 1 as lowest to 7 as highest) and a mean domain score of 75.3%. The findings showed support for this CPG using the Morse falls tool as a suitable risk assessment tool along with bundled interventions. The CPG was strongly recommended by staff for implementation. This CPG has potential for promoting positive social change when used to evaluate the fall policies and promote use of evidenced-based CPGs to reduce the incidence of falls among residents of LCTFs

A Toxicology and Clinical Study of Post Race Epitaxis Associated with Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Thoroughbred Race Horses at the Racecourse Rinconada, Caracas, Venezuela

The aim of this study was to describe cases of epistaxis associated with post-race Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Thoroughbred horses at the Hippodrome La Rinconada , Caracas, Venezuela, through a clinic pathological study. We studied a total of 29 cases of epistaxis post-race in Thoroughbred horses at the Hippodrome La Rinconada, Caracas, Venezuela, which is 2,950 meters above sea level. The study included horses between the ages of 2-5 years, 16 stallions and 13 mares, weighing between 450-510 kg. They underwent a clinical examination, although horses presenting with epistaxis were in an emergency situation. Samples of blood and urine were taken for toxicology studies using the competitive ELISA specifically for the drug Furosemide, using the furosemide ELISA kit. Furosemide is allowed when considering the distance of the race, as well as legal regulations for furosemide medication, given 4 hours pre-race, with a maximum 250 mg administered. The clinical findings in all horses studied were: cardio-respiratory collapse, syncope, cyanosis of mucous membranes with the average heart rate 130 bpm, and respiratory rate about 62 rpm. We detected the presence of furosemide in 19 cases, in one case and clenbuterol, aminophylline in 4 cases. It was not possible to detect drugs in 10 individuals who had epistaxis. In conclusion, we performed a clinical and toxicological study in 19 cases of epistaxis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise at the track La Rinconada , Caracas, Venezuela

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors

Sudden deaths of horses in multiple equestrian disciplines have been attributed to acute and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to perform a review of aortic rupture in horses analyzing, case studies and assessing risk factors. The literature has reported a total of 137 cases of aortic rupture in horses for 28 years (1986-2014), with approximately five horses dying of aortic rupture per year. Histopathologically, there are observed discrete macroscopic degenerative changes in the intima layer only in the aorta. The histological evaluation in the beginning portion of the aorta of the heart evidenced degenerative changes with loss of continuity and distribution of elastic fibers. Risk factors for the rupture of the aorta are: spontaneous rupture associated with hypertension, preexisting vascular injury (aneurysm), dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, copper levels in the endothelium, genetic factors such as inbreeding, toxicology or pharmacological factors. Aortic rupture shows similarity with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise especially under the locomotors induced trauma theory of exercise that can induce pulmonary hemorrhage. In conclusion, degenerative changes to discrete elastic fiber of the intima of the aorta in the emergence of the heart seem to predispose the aorta wall rupture at the time of maximum blood pressure during exercise and the consequent collapse and athletic horse’s death.As mortes súbitas de cavalos em várias provas equestres têm sido atribuídas a doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares agudas e crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar uma revisão de literatura da ruptura da aorta em cavalos analisando estudos de caso e estabelecendo os possíveis fatores de risco. Na revisão da literatura no período de 28 anos (1986-2014) foram localizados 137 casos de ruptura da aorta em cavalos com aproximadamente cinco cavalos morrendo por essa causa por ano. Histologicamente, são observadas alterações macroscópicas discretas degenerativas na camada íntima da aorta. A avaliação histológica na porção inicial da aorta do coração evidencia alterações degenerativas com perda de continuidade e distribuição das fibras elásticas. Fatores de risco para a ruptura da aorta dos cavalos são: ruptura espontânea associada com hipertensão, lesão vascular pré-existente (aneurisma), cardiomiopatia dilatada ou hipertrófica, níveis de cobre no endotélio, fatores genéticos, tais como a consanguinidade na criação, toxicologia e aspectos farmacológicos. A ruptura aórtica mostra semelhança com hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Em conclusão, alterações degenerativas discretas das fibras elásticas da íntima da aorta parecem predispor a ruptura da parede da aorta, no momento da pressão máxima de sangue durante o exercício determinando o consequente colapso e morte do cavalo atleta

Assessing Two-Mode Semantic Network Story Representations Using a False Memory Paradigm

This paper describes a novel method of representing semantic networks of stories (and other text) as a two-mode graph. This method has some advantages over traditional one-mode semantic networks, but has the potential drawback (shared with n-gram text networks) that it contains paths that are not present in the text. An empirical study was devised using a false memory paradigm to determine whether these induced paths are remembered as being true of a set of stories. Results indicate that participants report false memories consistent with the induced paths. Implications for further research and two-mode semantic representations are discussed

Integration of advanced 3D SPECT modelling for pinhole collimators into the open-source STIR framework

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems with pinhole collimators are becoming increasingly important in clinical and preclinical nuclear medicine investigations as they can provide a superior resolution-sensitivity trade-off compared to conventional parallel-hole and fanbeam collimators. Previously, open-source software did not exist for reconstructing tomographic images from pinhole-SPECT datasets. A 3D SPECT system matrix modelling library specific for pinhole collimators has recently been integrated into STIR—an open-source software package for tomographic image reconstruction. The pinhole-SPECT library enables corrections for attenuation and the spatially variant collimator–detector response by incorporating their effects into the system matrix. Attenuation correction can be calculated with a simple single line-of-response or a full model. The spatially variant collimator–detector response can be modelled with point spread function and depth of interaction corrections for increased system matrix accuracy. In addition, improvements to computational speed and memory requirements can be made with image masking. This work demonstrates the flexibility and accuracy of STIR’s support for pinhole-SPECT datasets using measured and simulated single-pinhole SPECT data from which reconstructed images were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The extension of the open-source STIR project with advanced pinhole-SPECT modelling will enable the research community to study the impact of pinhole collimators in several SPECT imaging scenarios and with different scanners