Bibliography of Secondary Sources on the History of Dermatology II. Obituaries and Biographies in English Supplemented through 2015

Introduction A bibliographic record on the history of dermatology has been a project that started over 4 decades ago. It is a collection of all forms of history, ranging from dermatologic conditions, to famous dermatologists and physicians who have advanced the field of both dermatology and medicine, to the different countries that promoted the development of scientists, researchers and physicians alike. It was decided that the bibliographic record would encompass journals, books and a compilation of obituaries. A pertinent question is whether a manually created bibliographic project is still warranted in the 21st century. In short, yes. While Index Medicus has expanded the number of journals that are indexed, the number of dermatology publications currently included by Index Medicus exceeds 164; however, not all are in English or easily accessible. Although most of the papers of dermatologic interest are included in these journals, some contributions are also located in non-indexed publications. In addition, many documents of an historical interest or of a biographical nature are not necessarily selected for indexing in Index Medicus. The amalgamation of these historical publications from 2010-2015 will be divided into 3 separate contributions: journals, obituaries and books, with only those in English being recorded. Not only will this bibliographic record serve as a formal collection on the history of dermatology, it will also provide a reference to those wishing to enrich their knowledge on the expansion of the different fields of dermatology over time. It will also serve as a reminder of the achievements of our dermatology forefathers, from whom we have still so much to learn

Bibliography of Secondary Sources on the History of Dermatology

Introduction A bibliographic record on the history of dermatology has been a project that started over 4 decades ago. It is a collection of all forms of history, ranging from dermatologic conditions, to famous dermatologists and physicians who have advanced the field of both dermatology and medicine, to the different countries that promoted the development of scientists, researchers and physicians alike. It was decided that the bibliographic record would encompass journals, books and a compilation of obituaries. A pertinent question is whether a manually created bibliographic project is still warranted in the 21st century. In short, yes. While Index Medicus has expanded the number of journals that are indexed, the number of dermatology publications currently included by Index Medicus exceeds 164; however, not all are in English or easily accessible. Although most of the papers of dermatologic interest are included in these journals, some contributions are also located in non-indexed publications. In addition, many documents of an historical interest or of a biographical nature are not necessarily selected for indexing in Index Medicus. The amalgamation of these historical publications from 2010-2015 will be divided into 3 separate contributions: journals, obituaries and books, with only those in English being recorded. Not only will this bibliographic record serve as a formal collection on the history of dermatology, it will also provide a reference to those wishing to enrich their knowledge on the expansion of the different fields of dermatology over time. It will also serve as a reminder of the achievements of our dermatology forefathers, from whom we have still so much to learn

Rapid covariance-based sampling of linear SPDE approximations in the multilevel Monte Carlo method

The efficient simulation of the mean value of a non-linear functional of the solution to a linear stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) with additive Gaussian noise is considered. A Galerkin finite element method is employed along with an implicit Euler scheme to arrive at a fully discrete approximation of the mild solution to the equation. A scheme is presented to compute the covariance of this approximation, which allows for rapid sampling in a Monte Carlo method. This is then extended to a multilevel Monte Carlo method, for which a scheme to compute the cross-covariance between the approximations at different levels is presented. In contrast to traditional path-based methods it is not assumed that the Galerkin subspaces at these levels are nested. The computational complexities of the presented schemes are compared to traditional methods and simulations confirm that, under suitable assumptions, the costs of the new schemes are significantly lower.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures; numerical simulations revised, implementation section added; To appear in Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods - MCQMC, Rennes, France, July 201

Intergenic regions of Borrelia plasmids contain phylogenetically conserved RNA secondary structure motifs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Borrelia </it>species are unusual in that they contain a large number of linear and circular plasmids. Many of these plasmids have long intergenic regions. These regions have many fragmented genes, repeated sequences and appear to be in a state of flux, but they may serve as reservoirs for evolutionary change and/or maintain stable motifs such as small RNA genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In an in silico study, intergenic regions of <it>Borrelia </it>plasmids were scanned for phylogenetically conserved stem loop structures that may represent functional units at the RNA level. Five repeat sequences were found that could fold into stable RNA-type stem loop structures, three of which are closely linked to protein genes, one of which is a member of the <it>Borrelia </it>lipoprotein_1 super family genes and another is the complement regulator-acquiring surface protein_1 (CRASP-1) family. Modeled secondary structures of repeat sequences display numerous base-pair compensatory changes in stem regions, including C-G→A-U transversions when orthologous sequences are compared. Base-pair compensatory changes constitute strong evidence for phylogenetic conservation of secondary structure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Intergenic regions of <it>Borrelia </it>species carry evolutionarily stable RNA secondary structure motifs. Of major interest is that some motifs are associated with protein genes that show large sequence variability. The cell may conserve these RNA motifs whereas allow a large flux in amino acid sequence, possibly to create new virulence factors but with associated RNA motifs intact.</p

Estimated cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT in children with malignancies: a 5-year retrospective review

The increasing use of serial PET/CT scans in the management of pediatric malignancies raises the important consideration of radiation exposure in children. To estimate the cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT studies to children with malignancy and to compare with the data in literature. Two hundred forty-eight clinical PET/CT studies performed on 78 patients (50 boys/28 girls, 1.3 to 18 years old from December 2002 to October 2007) were retrospectively reviewed under IRB approval. The whole-body effective dose (ED) estimates for each child were obtained by estimating the effective dose from each PET/CT exam performed using the ImPACT Patient Dosimetry Calculator for CT and OLINDA for PET. The average number of PET/CT studies was 3.2 per child (range: 1 to 14 studies). The average ED of an individual CT study was 20.3 mSv (range: 2.7 to 54.2), of PET study was 4.6 mSv (range: 0.4 to 7.7) and of PET/CT study was 24.8 mSv (range: 6.2 to 60.7). The average cumulative radiation dose per patient from CT studies was 64.4 mSv (range: 2.7 to 326), from PET studies was 14.5 mSv (range: 2.8 to 73) and from PET/CT studies was 78.9 mSv (range: 6.2 to 399). The radiation exposure from serial PET/CT studies performed in pediatric malignancies was considerable; however, lower doses can be used for both PET and CT studies. The ALARA principle must be applied without sacrificing diagnostic information

Murine and related chapparvoviruses are nephro-tropic and produce novel accessory proteins in infected kidneys.

Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) is a member of the provisional genus Chapparvovirus that causes renal disease in immune-compromised mice, with a disease course reminiscent of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in immune-suppressed kidney transplant patients. Here we map four major MKPV transcripts, created by alternative splicing, to a common initiator region, and use mass spectrometry to identify "p10" and "p15" as novel chapparvovirus accessory proteins produced in MKPV-infected kidneys. p15 and the splicing-dependent putative accessory protein NS2 are conserved in all near-complete amniote chapparvovirus genomes currently available (from mammals, birds and a reptile). In contrast, p10 may be encoded only by viruses with >60% amino acid identity to MKPV. We show that MKPV is kidney-tropic and that the bat chapparvovirus DrPV-1 and a non-human primate chapparvovirus, CKPV, are also found in the kidneys of their hosts. We propose, therefore, that many mammal chapparvoviruses are likely to be nephrotropic

The end of mass homeownership? Changes in labour markets and housing tenure opportunities across Europe

With continued economic growth and expanding mortgage markets, until recently the pattern across advanced economies was of growing homeownership sectors. The Great Financial Crisis (GFC) has however, undercut this growth resulting in the contraction of homeownership access in many countries and the revival of private renting. This paper argues that these tenure changes are not solely a consequence of the GFC, and therefore, reversible once long-term growth returns. Rather, they are the consequences of more fundamental changes especially in labour markets. The very financialisation that fuelled the growth of homeownership has also led to a hollowing out of well-paid, secure jobs—exactly those that fit best with the taking of housing loans. We examine longer-term declines in labour market security across Europe from before the GFC, identifying an underlying correlation between deteriorated labour market conditions and homeownership access for young adults. While variations exist across European countries, there is evidence of common trends. We argue that the GFC both accelerated pre-existing labour insecurity dynamics and brought an end to offsetting such dynamics through the expansion of credit access with the likelihood of a return to an era of widespread homeownership growth starkly decreased

Bibliography of Secondary Sources on the History of Dermatology III. Books, Monographs, and Chapters in English Supplemented through 2015

Introduction A bibliographic record on the history of dermatology has been a project that started over 4 decades ago. It is a collection of all forms of history, ranging from dermatologic conditions, to famous dermatologists and physicians who have advanced the field of both dermatology and medicine, to the different countries that promoted the development of scientists, researchers and physicians alike. It was decided that the bibliographic record would encompass journals, books and a compilation of obituaries. A pertinent question is whether a manually created bibliographic project is still warranted in the 21st century. In short, yes. While Index Medicus has expanded the number of journals that are indexed, the number of dermatology publications currently included by Index Medicus exceeds 164; however, not all are in English or easily accessible. Although most of the papers of dermatologic interest are included in these journals, some contributions are also located in non-indexed publications. In addition, many documents of an historical interest or of a biographical nature are not necessarily selected for indexing in Index Medicus. The amalgamation of these historical publications from 2010-2015 will be divided into 3 separate contributions: journals, obituaries and books, with only those in English being recorded. Not only will this bibliographic record serve as a formal collection on the history of dermatology, it will also provide a reference to those wishing to enrich their knowledge on the expansion of the different fields of dermatology over time. It will also serve as a reminder of the achievements of our dermatology forefathers, from whom we have still so much to learn

Development of SimCells as a novel chassis for functional biosensors

This work serves as a proof-of-concept for bacterially derived SimCells (Simple Cells), which contain the cell machinery from bacteria and designed DNA (or potentially a simplified genome) to instruct the cell to carry out novel, specific tasks. SimCells represent a reprogrammable chassis without a native chromosome, which can host designed DNA to perform defined functions. In this paper, the use of Escherichia coli MC1000 ∆minD minicells as a non-reproducing chassis for SimCells was explored, as demonstrated by their ability to act as sensitive biosensors for small molecules. Highly purified minicells derived from E. coli strains containing gene circuits for biosensing were able to transduce the input signals from several small molecules (glucarate, acrylate and arabinose) into the production of green fluorescent protein (GFP). A mathematical model was developed to fit the experimental data for induction of gene expression in SimCells. The intracellular ATP level was shown to be important for SimCell function. A purification and storage protocol was developed to prepare SimCells which could retain their functions for an extended period of time. This study demonstrates that SimCells are able to perform as 'smart bioparticles' controlled by designed gene circuits