A utopia concreta da poesia: "Uma árvore de veneno" de Blake

The essay examines some broad perspectives on the art that comes from the tradition of “critical Marxism”, by analyzing a poem of Songs of Experience, written by William Blake. The reading is related to hermeneutics and post-structuralism, as the aesthetic writings of the Frankfurt School.O ensaio examina algumas perspectivas amplas sobre a arte que vêm da tradição do “marxismo crítico”, por meio da análise de um poema de Canções da experiência, de William Blake. A leitura deve tanto à hermenêutica e ao pós-estruturalismo quanto aos escritos estéticos da Escola de Frankfurt

Movement of transplanted adult salmonids in previously inaccessible habitat in the Elwha River

The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams on the Elwha River will renew access for anadromous salmonids to 70 miles of high quality habitat located primarily within Olympic National Park. Concurrent dam removals began in 2011, with complete fish passage projected in 2014. While the long-term benefits to anadromous populations are undisputed, release of stored sediment behind the dams is temporarily elevating suspended solids and degrading existing spawning habitat downstream of the Elwha dam. To minimize deleterious effects in the lower river, give populations an early opportunity to spawn and imprint on upstream habitats, and examine the response of anadromous fish to the newly available areas, Chinook and coho salmon and steelhead were moved upstream of Elwha and Glines Canyon dams in 2011 and 2012. We radiotagged and tracked 20 adult Chinook salmon, 47 adult coho salmon, and 37 steelhead to determine spatial and temporal movements and spawning in tributaries and the main stem river. An additional 10 coho and 1 chum salmon were tagged in the lower river and released to continue their migration. Fish movements were monitored using fixed sites and mobile tracking. We also observed substantial volitional fallback and subsequent spawning or migrational movement in the lower river by all both Chinook and coho salmon. Kelting behavior was common in tagged steelhead. We observed coho salmon and steelhead redds in Little River, Indian Creek, the mainstem Elwha River, and side channels of the river. Two Chinook redds were seen in the area upstream of Glines Canyon Dam. Tributaries seeded with adults retained spawers while mainstem releases provided for more exploratory migrational movements. The offspring from these relocated adults will have direct outmigration access to the ocean and the river will be open for upstream migration when they return as adults. Transplanting adult salmonids is labor intensive and requires source populations from downstream for seeding, but can result in spawning activity in new areas and can be managed to include hatchery and wild fish to supplement naturally occurring colonizations

Chromosomal Instability by Inefficient Mps1 Auto-Activation Due to a Weakened Mitotic Checkpoint and Lagging Chromosomes

BACKGROUND: Chromosomal instability (CIN), a feature widely shared by cells from solid tumors, is caused by occasional chromosome missegregations during cell division. Two of the causes of CIN are weakened mitotic checkpoint signaling and persistent merotelic attachments that result in lagging chromosomes during anaphase. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we identify an autophosphorylation event on Mps1 that is required to prevent these two causes of CIN. Mps1 is phosphorylated in mitotic cells on at least 7 residues, 4 of which by autophosphorylation. One of these, T676, resides in the activation loop of the kinase domain and a mutant that cannot be phosphorylated on T676 is less active than wild-type Mps1 but is not kinase-dead. Strikingly, cells in which endogenous Mps1 was replaced with this mutant are viable but missegregate chromosomes frequently. Anaphase is initiated in the presence of misaligned and lagging chromosomes, indicative of a weakened checkpoint and persistent merotelic attachments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We propose that full activity of Mps1 is essential for maintaining chromosomal stability by allowing resolution of merotelic attachments and to ensure that single kinetochores achieve the strength of checkpoint signaling sufficient to prevent premature anaphase onset and chromosomal instability. To our knowledge, phosphorylation of T676 on Mps1 is the first post-translational modification in human cells of which the absence causes checkpoint weakening and CIN without affecting cell viability

Novel ambitions: Four early Jewish-American writers and their professional formation.

During the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, many Jews emerged from the Lower East Side to stake a claim in the field of American letters as novelists, poets, and intellectuals. My dissertation examines the professional development of three of these individuals---Abraham Cahan, Anzia Yezierska, and Henry Roth---and asks a question largely overlooked in the field of Jewish-American studies: why would a poor, non-native-speaking immigrant pursue an economically risky career as a writer?Adapting Pierre Bourdieu's cultural insights, I set aside the romantic paradigms of authorship and try to explore the professional origins of Jewish-American writing by situating it within a nexus of social and cultural relationships. I contend that Cahan, Yezierska, and Roth were acutely aware of the economic pitfalls that came with being a writer but argue that for each author cultural advancement possessed a "redemptive" potential unavailable simply through economic achievement. Throughout this dissertation I explore the various ways these authors demonstrate their mastery of English in an attempt to distance themselves from the Yiddish-speaking masses and join an elite group of American writers.I contrast the professional ambitions of these immigrant authors to those of the Anglo-American writer Henry Harland, who, during the 1880s, produced a series of "philo-semitic" novels under the pseudonym Sidney Luska. Not only did these novels claim to provide a window into the Jewish world, Harland selected the name Luska to convince readers that their author was himself a Jew. But, I argue, these books have little to do with Jews; rather, they are borne out of a set of aristocratic cultural and social values that denigrated realism's mimetic codes. The way Harland utilizes Jewish characters to articulate these values is central to my analysis of his literary development.Ultimately, I contend, each author's career was shaped by social and cultural desires that were so pressing they inevitably made their way into his/her literary work. A good deal of this dissertation, therefore, is devoted to demonstrating how these early Jewish-American narratives-in their various stylistic and formal manifestations-may be read as allegories that encode the deepest professional concerns of their authors.Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of New York, 2003.School code: 0046

Session B3- Getting scientifically ready for the removal of the Elwha River dams- last call for baseline data

On September 17 of 2011, a 2.5 year deconstruction of two long-standing, head dams will begin on the Elwha River of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Over the past decade, a variety of ecosystem related information (e.g., fish, riparian, in-stream habitat, and stream productivity) has been collected in the Elwha River basin to establish baseline conditions prior to one of the largest watershed and salmon restoration projects in North America. The design of these studies is based upon the geomorphic template of the watershed, as different channel types are expected to respond differently to the large amount of sediment that will be released as a result of dam removal. For example, we anticipate that floodplain channels will attenuate the impacts of sediment and provide biological refuges after several state, federal, and tribal organizations have collaborated to identify the most important questions and develop adequate study designs that can answer these questions such as how will salmon populations respond to the removal of large-scale, long-term barriers to migration? How will these same populations react to the large amount of sediment that will be released in combination with the large amount of pristine habitat that will be re-connected? Our ultimate goal is to quantify the ecological signal following dam removal in the Elwha River basin, in order to better tell the story of this unique watershed restoration and share critical findings with other dam removal projects

Chromosomal instability by inefficient Mps1 auto-activation due to a weakened mitotic checkpoint and lagging chromosomes.

BackgroundChromosomal instability (CIN), a feature widely shared by cells from solid tumors, is caused by occasional chromosome missegregations during cell division. Two of the causes of CIN are weakened mitotic checkpoint signaling and persistent merotelic attachments that result in lagging chromosomes during anaphase.Principal findingsHere we identify an autophosphorylation event on Mps1 that is required to prevent these two causes of CIN. Mps1 is phosphorylated in mitotic cells on at least 7 residues, 4 of which by autophosphorylation. One of these, T676, resides in the activation loop of the kinase domain and a mutant that cannot be phosphorylated on T676 is less active than wild-type Mps1 but is not kinase-dead. Strikingly, cells in which endogenous Mps1 was replaced with this mutant are viable but missegregate chromosomes frequently. Anaphase is initiated in the presence of misaligned and lagging chromosomes, indicative of a weakened checkpoint and persistent merotelic attachments, respectively.Conclusions/significanceWe propose that full activity of Mps1 is essential for maintaining chromosomal stability by allowing resolution of merotelic attachments and to ensure that single kinetochores achieve the strength of checkpoint signaling sufficient to prevent premature anaphase onset and chromosomal instability. To our knowledge, phosphorylation of T676 on Mps1 is the first post-translational modification in human cells of which the absence causes checkpoint weakening and CIN without affecting cell viability

Reconnecting the Elwha River: Spatial Patterns of Fish Response to Dam Removal

The removal of two large dams on the Elwha River was completed in 2014 with a goal of restoring anadromous salmonid populations. Using observations from ongoing field studies, we compiled a timeline of migratory fish passage upstream of each dam. We also used spatially continuous snorkeling surveys in consecutive years before (2007, 2008) and after (2018, 2019) dam removal during summer baseflow to assess changes in fish distribution and density over 65 km of the mainstem Elwha River. Before dam removal, anadromous fishes were limited to the 7.9 km section of river downstream of Elwha Dam, potamodromous species could not migrate throughout the river system, and resident trout were the most abundant species. After dam removal, there was rapid passage into areas upstream of Elwha Dam, with 8 anadromous species (Chinook, Coho, Sockeye, Pink, Chum, Winter Steelhead, Summer Steelhead, Pacific Lamprey, and Bull Trout) observed within 2.5 years. All of these runs except Chum Salmon were also observed in upper Elwha upstream of Glines Canyon Dam within 5 years. The spatial extent of fish passage by adult Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead increased by 50 km and 60 km, respectively, after dam removal. Adult Chinook Salmon densities in some previously inaccessible reaches in the middle section of the river exceeded the highest densities observed in the lower section of the river prior to dam removal. The large number (>100) of adult Summer Steelhead in the upper river after dam removal was notable because it was among the rarest anadromous species in the Elwha River prior to dam removal. The spatial extent of trout and Bull Trout remained unchanged after dam removal, but their total abundance increased and their highest densities shifted from the lower 25 km of the river to the upper 40 km. Our results show that reconnecting the Elwha River through dam removal provided fish access to portions of the watershed that had been blocked for nearly a century