Sistematización de la práctica profesional en la productora enserio!Films durante el periodo enero a junio de 2019, para conocer y ejecutar el rol del productor ejecutivo desde el ser comunicador social.

Esta sistematización se desarrolla sobre la experiencia de la estudiante Brenda Lyda Durán Pedroza en la productora audiovisual enSerio! Films en el área de producción ejecutiva en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, desde Enero hasta Junio de 2019. El principal objetivo de esta sistematización es analizar desde la experiencia vivida las características, habilidades, conocimientos y competencias que un comunicador social puede ejecutar a través del rol de productor ejecutivo en una producción cinematográfica. La metodología base que se tomará en cuenta para la realización de esta sistematización será la propuesta por el Centro de Estudios para la Educación Popular - CEPEC (Cepec, 2010) con el libro “La sistematización de experiencias: un método para impulsar procesos emancipadores”, quien detalla la estructura que se debe tener en cuenta para desarrollar idóneamente una sistematización. La realización de este proyecto tiene su punto de partida en el reconocimiento del cine como industria en Colombia, que inició con la creación de la Ley 814 de 2003, en la cual se establecieron los parámetros iniciales y las funciones de cada uno de los participantes de la cadena productiva que permiten la realización y exhibición de obras audiovisuales en el país.This systematization builds on the experience of the student Brenda Lyda Duran Pedroza in the audiovisual producer really Films in the area of executive production in the city of Cali, from February to June 2019. The main objective of this systematization is to analyze from the lived experience of the characteristics, skills, knowledge and competencies that a social communicator you can run through the role of executive producer in a film production The methodology base that is taken into account for the realization of this systematization will be proposed by the Center for the Study of Popular Education - Cepec (Cepec, 2010) in the book "The systematization of experiences: a method to promote processes emancipators", who detailed the structure that must be taken into account to develop ideally a systematization. The realization of this project has its starting point in the recognition of the cinema as an industry in Colombia that began with the creation of the Law 814 of 2003, which established the initial parameters and functions of each one of the participants in the chain, that allow the realization and exhibition of audiovisual works in the countr

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna del Cuestionario para medir bullying y violencia escolar

La violencia escolar, que incluye al bullying o acoso escolar entre iguales, es un problema que involucra a muchos jóvenes, ya sea como víctimas, acosadores u observadores. Por ello, la detección del rol del participante es importante para contrarrestarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y validar un instrumento que permita evaluar el bullying y la violencia en general en escuelas secundarias de México, a partir del Cuestionario de evaluación de la violencia entre iguales en la escuela y en el ocio. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de 363 adolescentes entre 12 años y 17 años de edad, de 10 escuelas secundarias públicas de los estados de Aguascalientes y Distrito Federal. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo transversal. El total de reactivos valorados fueron 57 y la escala para valorar las respuestas fue de tipo Likert con cuatro opciones. Los reactivos fueron organizados en tres escalas (recibir, dirigir u observar agresión), con 19 reactivos cada uno y construidos en espejo. Para cada escala se aplicó un análisis factorial Promax, que permite identificar el tipo de agresión empleada y el rol que desempeña el alumnado como víctima, acosador o espectador. Los resultados confirmaron que el cuestionario es un instrumento que permite medir acoso escolar en adolescentes, con un índice de confiabilidad general de 0.90. Por lo que se concluye que este instrumento es adecuado para identificar acoso escolar en población mexicana

Aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy for infants with extremely low birth weight.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether aggressive phototherapy to prevent neurotoxic effects of bilirubin benefits or harms infants with extremely low birth weight (1000 g or less). METHODS: We randomly assigned 1974 infants with extremely low birth weight at 12 to 36 hours of age to undergo either aggressive or conservative phototherapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment determined for 91% of the infants by investigators who were unaware of the treatment assignments. RESULTS: Aggressive phototherapy, as compared with conservative phototherapy, significantly reduced the mean peak serum bilirubin level (7.0 vs. 9.8 mg per deciliter [120 vs. 168 micromol per liter], P\u3c0.01) but not the rate of the primary outcome (52% vs. 55%; relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.02; P=0.15). Aggressive phototherapy did reduce rates of neurodevelopmental impairment (26%, vs. 30% for conservative phototherapy; relative risk, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.99). Rates of death in the aggressive-phototherapy and conservative-phototherapy groups were 24% and 23%, respectively (relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.22). In preplanned subgroup analyses, the rates of death were 13% with aggressive phototherapy and 14% with conservative phototherapy for infants with a birth weight of 751 to 1000 g and 39% and 34%, respectively (relative risk, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.34), for infants with a birth weight of 501 to 750 g. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive phototherapy did not significantly reduce the rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment. The rate of neurodevelopmental impairment alone was significantly reduced with aggressive phototherapy. This reduction may be offset by an increase in mortality among infants weighing 501 to 750 g at birth. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00114543.

Effect of Depth and Duration of Cooling on Death or Disability at Age 18 Months Among Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Hypothermia for 72 hours at 33.5°C for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy reduces death or disability, but rates continue to be high. Objective To determine if cooling for 120 hours or to a temperature of 32.0°C reduces death or disability at age 18 months in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial in neonates (≥36 weeks’ gestation) with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at 18 US centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network between October 2010 and January 2016. Interventions A total of 364 neonates were randomly assigned to 4 hypothermia groups: 33.5°C for 72 hours (n = 95), 32.0°C for 72 hours (n = 90), 33.5°C for 120 hours (n = 96), or 32.0°C for 120 hours (n = 83). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was death or moderate or severe disability at 18 to 22 months of age adjusted for center and level of encephalopathy. Severe disability included any of Bayley Scales of Infant Development III cognitive score less than 70, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level of 3 to 5, or blindness or hearing loss despite amplification. Moderate disability was defined as a cognitive score of 70 to 84 and either GMFCS level 2, active seizures, or hearing with amplification. Results The trial was stopped for safety and futility in November 2013 after 364 of the planned 726 infants were enrolled. Among 347 infants (95%) with primary outcome data (mean age at follow-up, 20.7 [SD, 3.5] months; 42% female), death or disability occurred in 56 of 176 (31.8%) cooled for 72 hours and 54 of 171 (31.6%) cooled for 120 hours (adjusted risk ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.68-1.25]; adjusted absolute risk difference, −1.0% [95% CI, −10.2% to 8.1%]) and in 59 of 185 (31.9%) cooled to 33.5°C and 51 of 162 (31.5%) cooled to 32.0°C (adjusted risk ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.68-1.26]; adjusted absolute risk difference, −3.1% [95% CI, −12.3% to 6.1%]). A significant interaction between longer and deeper cooling was observed (P = .048), with primary outcome rates of 29.3% at 33.5°C for 72 hours, 34.5% at 32.0°C for 72 hours, 34.4% at 33.5°C for 120 hours, and 28.2% at 32.0°C for 120 hours. Conclusions and Relevance Among term neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cooling for longer than 72 hours, cooling to lower than 33.5°C, or both did not reduce death or moderate or severe disability at 18 months of age. However, the trial may be underpowered, and an interaction was found between longer and deeper cooling. These results support the current regimen of cooling for 72 hours at 33.5°C

Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia Initiated After 6 Hours of Age on Death or Disability Among Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Hypothermia initiated at less than 6 hours after birth reduces death or disability for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at 36 weeks' or later gestation. To our knowledge, hypothermia trials have not been performed in infants presenting after 6 hours. Objective: To estimate the probability that hypothermia initiated at 6 to 24 hours after birth reduces the risk of death or disability at 18 months among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized clinical trial was conducted between April 2008 and June 2016 among infants at 36 weeks' or later gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy enrolled at 6 to 24 hours after birth. Twenty-one US Neonatal Research Network centers participated. Bayesian analyses were prespecified given the anticipated limited sample size. Interventions: Targeted esophageal temperature was used in 168 infants. Eighty-three hypothermic infants were maintained at 33.5°C (acceptable range, 33°C-34°C) for 96 hours and then rewarmed. Eighty-five noncooled infants were maintained at 37.0°C (acceptable range, 36.5°C-37.3°C). Main Outcomes and Measures: The composite of death or disability (moderate or severe) at 18 to 22 months adjusted for level of encephalopathy and age at randomization. Results: Hypothermic and noncooled infants were term (mean [SD], 39 [2] and 39 [1] weeks' gestation, respectively), and 47 of 83 (57%) and 55 of 85 (65%) were male, respectively. Both groups were acidemic at birth, predominantly transferred to the treating center with moderate encephalopathy, and were randomized at a mean (SD) of 16 (5) and 15 (5) hours for hypothermic and noncooled groups, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 19 of 78 hypothermic infants (24.4%) and 22 of 79 noncooled infants (27.9%) (absolute difference, 3.5%; 95% CI, -1% to 17%). Bayesian analysis using a neutral prior indicated a 76% posterior probability of reduced death or disability with hypothermia relative to the noncooled group (adjusted posterior risk ratio, 0.86; 95% credible interval, 0.58-1.29). The probability that death or disability in cooled infants was at least 1%, 2%, or 3% less than noncooled infants was 71%, 64%, and 56%, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hypothermia initiated at 6 to 24 hours after birth compared with noncooling resulted in a 76% probability of any reduction in death or disability, and a 64% probability of at least 2% less death or disability at 18 to 22 months. Hypothermia initiated at 6 to 24 hours after birth may have benefit but there is uncertainty in its effectiveness

Limitations of Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Death or Disability Following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Late Hypothermia Trial

Objective: To investigate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate predictor for death or moderate-severe disability at 18-22 months of age among infants with neonatal encephalopathy in a trial of cooling initiated at 6-24 hours. Study design: Subgroup analysis of infants ≥36 weeks of gestation with moderate-severe neonatal encephalopathy randomized at 6-24 postnatal hours to hypothermia or usual care in a multicenter trial of late hypothermia. MRI scans were performed per each center's practice and interpreted by 2 central readers using the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development injury score (6 levels, normal to hemispheric devastation). Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18-22 months of age. Results: Of 168 enrollees, 128 had an interpretable MRI and were seen in follow-up (n = 119) or died (n = 9). MRI findings were predominantly acute injury and did not differ by cooling treatment. At 18-22 months, death or severe disability occurred in 20.3%. No infant had moderate disability. Agreement between central readers was moderate (weighted kappa 0.56, 95% CI 0.45-0.67). The adjusted odds of death or severe disability increased 3.7-fold (95% CI 1.8-7.9) for each increment of injury score. The area under the curve for severe MRI patterns to predict death or severe disability was 0.77 and the positive and negative predictive values were 36% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: MRI injury scores were associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 18-22 months among infants in the Late Hypothermia Trial. However, the results suggest caution when using qualitative interpretations of MRI images to provide prognostic information to families following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia

Effect of Depth and Duration of Cooling on Deaths in the NICU Among Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Hypothermia at 33.5°C for 72 hours for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy reduces death or disability to 44% to 55%; longer cooling and deeper cooling are neuroprotective in animal models

Evaluación de un Programa de Intervención para disminuir el acoso escolar y la conducta disruptiva

Existen pocos programas de intervención para disminuir las conductas infantiles de acoso esc olar en el aula. El propósito del estudio fue conocer la eficacia de un programa de intervención basado en los principios del Análisis Conductual Aplicado para reducir las conductas infantiles de acoso en el ámbito escolar. El programa está diseñado para e ntrenar al profesor del grupo en el manejo de ocho técnicas conductuales (i.e., control de estímulos, costo de respuesta, entrenamiento en respuesta alternativa, auto - control de enojo, contingencia grupal, análisis de tareas, monitoreo y moldeamiento). Se entrenó a ocho profesores de tres escuelas primarias públicas para que implementaran el programa durante la jornada escolar. Participaron 223 alumnos, 28 de ellos identificados como acosadores y 28 identificados como víctimas. Se evaluó la conducta de acos o por parte de esos 28 niños y la conducta disruptiva de los 223 estudiantes pr e, durante y post tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el programa de intervención redujo significativamente el acoso escolar por parte de los niños acosadores. El program a también fue exitoso para reducir las conductas disruptivas de los niños en todo el grupo, especialmente fue efectivo disminuyendo el comportamiento antisocial

Evaluación de un Programa de Intervención para Disminuir el Acoso Escolar y la Conducta Disruptiva

Existen pocos programas de intervención para disminuir las conductas infantiles de acoso esc olar en el aula. El propósito del estudio fue conocer la eficacia de un programa de intervención basado en los principios del Análisis Conductual Aplicado para reducir las conductas infantiles de acoso en el ámbito escolar. El programa está diseñado para e ntrenar al profesor del grupo en el manejo de ocho técnicas conductuales (i.e., control de estímulos, costo de respuesta, entrenamiento en respuesta alternativa, auto - control de enojo, contingencia grupal, análisis de tareas, monitoreo y moldeamiento). Se entrenó a ocho profesores de tres escuelas primarias públicas para que implementaran el programa durante la jornada escolar. Participaron 223 alumnos, 28 de ellos identificados como acosadores y 28 identificados como víctimas. Se evaluó la conducta de acos o por parte de esos 28 niños y la conducta disruptiva de los 223 estudiantes pr e, durante y post tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el programa de intervención redujo significativamente el acoso escolar por parte de los niños acosadores. El program a también fue exitoso para reducir las conductas disruptivas de los niños en todo el grupo, especialmente fue efectivo disminuyendo el comportamiento antisocial