Migration, remittances and educational outcomes: The case of Haiti

Using the Cox proportional hazards model this paper empirically investigates how migration of household members and the receipt of remittances affect educational outcomes in Haiti. Based on a theoretical approach it tries to disentangle the effects of both phenomena that have mostly been jointly modeled in previous literature. The results suggest that remittances play an important role for poor households in alleviating budget constraints, whereas no effect of the migrated household head's absence is detected. The latter might be so due to the high imprecision surrounding the estimated hazard ratios. Household wealth, captured via an asset index, is found to have a signi?cant impact on education as well, supporting the idea that budget constraints play a crucial role in schooling decisions in Haiti due to the dominance of private schools and the high poverty rate in the country. --Haiti,education,remittances,migration

Child Quality and Child Quantity: Evidence from Bolivian Household Surveys

Models built on the classical quality-quantity trade-off predict an increase in child quality and a decrease in child quantity in poor developing countries when parental wealth and educational levels increase. This paper tests this prediction empirically in a cross-sectional framework with data from Bolivian household surveys. Instead of focusing on actual fertility levels, the reported desired number of children is considered. The potential problem of ex-post rationalizing births -- i.e. the adaptation of desired to actual fertility levels -- is taken into account. The empirical findings are in line with the predictions of these models. Furthermore a weak but significant negative impact of fertility exceeding the desired level on educational outcomes is found

Migration, remittances and educational outcomes: The case of Haiti

Using the Cox proportional hazards model this paper empirically investigates how migration of household members and the receipt of remittances affect educational outcomes in Haiti. Based on a theoretical approach it tries to disentangle the effects of both phenomena that have mostly been jointly modeled in previous literature. The results suggest that remittances play an important role for poor households in alleviating budget constraints, whereas no effect of the migrated household head's absence is detected. The latter might be so due to the high imprecision surrounding the estimated hazard ratios. Household wealth, captured via an asset index, is found to have a signi?cant impact on education as well, supporting the idea that budget constraints play a crucial role in schooling decisions in Haiti due to the dominance of private schools and the high poverty rate in the country

A statistical approach to detect cheating interviewers

Survey data are potentially affected by cheating interviewers. Even a small number of fabricated interviews might seriously impair the results of further empirical analysis. Besides reinterviews some statistical approaches have been proposed for identifying fabrication of interviews. As a novel toolin this context, cluster and discriminant analysis are used. Several indicators are combined to classify 'at risk' interviewers based solely on the collected data. An application to a dataset with known cases of cheating interviewers demonstrates that the methods are able to identify the cheating interviewers with a high probability. The multivariate classiffication is superior to the application of a singleindicator such as Benford's law. --cheating interviewers,Benford's law,cluster analysis,data fabrication

A literature review of methods to detect fabricated survey data

This paper reviews literature dealing with the issue of detecting interviewers who falsify survey data. The most reliable method of detecting falsifiers is through face-to-face reinterviewing of survey participants. However, only a limited number of participants can usually be reinterviewed. A review of the present literature clearly indicates that reinterviewing is more effective if the reinterview sample is put together according to some indicators that might be based on metadata, survey data or interviewer characteristics. We examine existing literature with regard to the suitability of different types of indicators that have been used in this context

A statistical approach to detect cheating interviewers

Survey data are potentially affected by cheating interviewers. Even a small number of fabricated interviews might seriously impair the results of further empirical analysis. Besides reinterviews some statistical approaches have been proposed for identifying fabrication of interviews. As a novel toolin this context, cluster and discriminant analysis are used. Several indicators are combined to classify 'at risk' interviewers based solely on the collected data. An application to a dataset with known cases of cheating interviewers demonstrates that the methods are able to identify the cheating interviewers with a high probability. The multivariate classiffication is superior to the application of a singleindicator such as Benford's law

Different background - Similar strategies: Recruitment in Tanzanian-African and Tanzanian-Asian companies

The literature on enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa provides evidence that there are significant differences between companies run by members of the majority population and those run by members of minorities. Differences are frequently related to size, age, and certain success indicators. However, it remains unclear whether decisions concerning the acquisition of personnel also diverge. This paper outlines results of a questionnaire survey on recruitment methods of enterprises in Tanzania. The authors tried to discover differences in the recruitment strategies of Tanzanian-African and Tanzanian-Asian companies but found none. The interpretation is that companies operate in similar business environments and face comparable, exogenously given institutional restrictions. Thus, strategies of personnel recruitment seem to be alike

Advertisements or friends? Formal and informal recruitment methods in Tanzania

Only insufficient data are available on the recruitment methods of enterprises in Africa. Our aim is to investigate the recruitment methods of small and medium sized private companies in Tanzania. We test whether the way formal and informal methods are employed is similar or different to the way they are employed by companies in Europe or North America. Data collected by half-standardized questionnaires in Mwanza show that informal methods (such as referrals by friends) are primarily applied for low-ranking positions while formal methods, particularly newspaper advertisements, are used for high-ranking positions. This stands in contrast to findings from industrialized countries where informal methods are more important for filling high-ranking positions. For the vacancy period of high- and lowranking positions patterns do not differ from those in industrialized countries

Direct experimental verification of applicability of single-site model for angle integrated photoemission of small TKT_{K} concentrated Ce compounds

Bulk-sensitive high-resolution Ce 4f spectra have been obtained from 3d $\to$ 4f resonance photoemission measurements on La$_{1-x}$Ce$_x$Al$_2$ and La$_{1-x}$Ce$_x$Ru$_2$ for $x = 0.0, 0.04, 1.0$. The 4f spectra of low-Kondo-temperature ($T_{K}$) (La,Ce)Al$_2$ are essentially identical except for a slight increase of the Kondo peak with $x$, which is consistent with a known increase of $T_{K}$ with $x$. In contrast, the 4f spectra of high-$T_{K}$ (La,Ce)Ru$_2$ show a Kondo-like peak and also a 0.5 eV structure which increases strongly with $x$. The resonance photon-energy dependences of the two contributions are different and the origin of the 0.5 eV structure is still uncertain.Comment: submitted to SCES 2001, two-columnn format, modified tex

Transport Properties of d-Wave Superconductors in the Vortex State

We calculate the magnetic field dependence of quasiparticle transport properties in the vortex state of a d-wave superconductor arising solely from the quasiparticle's Doppler shift in the superflow field surrounding the vortex. Qualitative features agree well with experiments on cuprate and heavy fermion superconductors at low fields and temperatures. We derive scaling relations in the variable $T/H^{1/2}$ valid at sufficiently low temperatures $T$ and fields $H$, but show that these relations depend on the scattering phase shift, and are in general fulfilled only approximately even in the clean limit, due to the energy dependence of the quasiparticle relaxation time.Comment: 5 pages, 2 Postscript figure