In-Situ Mechanical Property Evaluation of Dielectric Ceramics in Multilayer Capacitors

The Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of barium titanate dielectric ceramics in three commercially available multilayer capacitors (MLCs) were measured in-situ using indentation and a mechanical properties microprobe. The three MLCs were equivalent in size (0805), capacitance (0.1 uF) and dielectric type (X7R). The Young's modulus and hardness of the dielectric ceramics in the three MLCs were similar, while there were statistically significant differences in their fracture toughnesses. The results provide insight into the assessment of MLC mechanical reliability, and show that equivalent electrical MLC rating is not necessarily a guarantee that the dielectric ceramics in them will exhibit equivalent mechanical performance

Collection Grid Topologies for Off-Shore Wind Parks

ABSTRAC

ГЕПАТОЦЕЛЛЮЛЯРНЫЙ РАК ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОЙ СТАДИИ. BCLC B – ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ, КАК СТРАТЕГИЯ БАЗИСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ И ТОЧКА ОТСЧЕТА В ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ

Представлен анализ Барселонской клинической классификации (BCLC) гепатоцеллюлярного рака (ГЦР). Подробно освещены лечебные рекомендации, предлагаемые BCLC для промежуточной стадии, рассмотрены современные мировые тенденции по внедрению эффективных  лечебных стратегий. Проведен анализ клинической гетерогенности промежуточной стадии (BCLC В), проблем диагностики и лечения. Подчеркнута важность стандартизованного алгоритма обследования для точной диагностики  промежуточной  стадии ГЦР. Рассмотрены перспективы оптимизации лечебных стратегий при BCLC В: поиск  и создание возможностей для радикального оперативного лечения, а также рациональное использование консервативных методов – химиоэмболизации и системной терапии – в лечении неоперабельных больных ГЦР

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) alters its feeding niche in response to changing food resources: direct observations in simulated ponds

We used customized fish tanks as model fish ponds to observe grazing, swimming, and conspecific social behavior of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under variable food-resource conditions to assess alterations in feeding niche. Different food and feeding situations were created by using only pond water or pond water plus pond bottom sediment or pond water plus pond bottom sediment and artificial feeding. All tanks were fertilized twice, prior to stocking and 2 weeks later after starting the experiment to stimulate natural food production. Common carp preferred artificial feed over benthic macroinvertebrates, followed by zooplankton. Common carp did not prefer any group of phytoplankton in any treatment. Common carp was mainly benthic in habitat choice, feeding on benthic macroinvertebrates when only plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates were available in the system. In the absence of benthic macroinvertebrates, their feeding niche shifted from near the bottom of the tanks to the water column where they spent 85% of the total time and fed principally on zooplankton. Common carp readily switched to artificial feed when available, which led to better growth. Common carp preferred to graze individually. Behavioral observations of common carp in tanks yielded new information that assists our understanding of their ecological niche. This knowledge could be potentially used to further the development of common carp aquaculture

Experience of treatment of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer with met exon 14 skipping

Personalized therapy is starting to play an increasing role in modern approaches to the treatment of oncological diseases. The previously existing uniform standard for each malignant disease is expanded with new options and treatment possibilities, depending on each specific clinical situation. That increases the  effectiveness of  therapy and helps to control the  disease. A  separate niche in the individual approach to anti-tumor treatment is occupied by targeted therapy of malignancies. There are a lot of mutations that can lead to the emergence of malignant neoplasms. So of all that multitude of choices the individual approach to a patient helps to select the mutations that are most likely to be found in a given patient. The research in the area of the c-MET mutation has allowed it to occupy its niche as a therapeutic target. The identification of this mutation is not included in the routine set of analyses performed for a patient with diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma. But expanding the panel of molecular testing would increase the detectability of this mutation and, as a result, improve the quality of treatment for this category of patients. This clinical case describes the experience of treatment of an elderly patient with lung adenocarcinoma, in whose tumor tissue a MET mutation was detected

Prognostic value of the proportion of the sclerosing component in fibrolamellar liver carcinoma

Introduction. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), which develops most often in the younger population. In FLC, variable histoarchitectonics are noted, possibly the presence of a sclerosing component, foci of necrosis and dystrophy of tumor cells.Objective. Assessment of the influence of the proportion of the sclerosing component in fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) of the liver on the course and prognosis of the disease. Determination of the relationship between the proportion of the sclerosing component in the tumor and the frequency of microvascular invasion.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 34 patients with a diagnosis of FLC, who underwent radical surgical treatment at the first stage. A histological assessment of the proportion (%) of the sclerosing component in FLC was made. The effect of  the  proportion of  the  sclerosing component on overall (OS) and relapse-free (DFS) survival was assessed. The  analysis of the relationship between the proportion of the sclerosing component in the tumor and the frequency of microvascular invasion was carried out.Results. Significantly worse RFS was achieved in the groups of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC > 5% than in the group of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC ≤ 5% (p = 0.0010; p = 0.024; log – rank test). Median DDS in group 1 is 107 (95% CI, 22–192) months; at 2 – 11 (95% CI, 8–14) months; in 3 – 21 (95% CI, 8–33). The frequency of histologically confirmed microvascular invasion in the compared groups was 29, 74, 87.5%, respectively. OS was significantly worse in 2 groups (27 patients in total) with a sclerosing component in FLC > 5% than in the group of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC ≤ 5%. Median OS in group 1 120 (95% CI, 60–180) months; at 2 – 41 (95% CI, 15–92) months; in 3 – 69 (95% CI, 35–103). A direct relationship was found between an increase in the proportion of the sclerosing component in a tumor and an increase in the frequency of microvascular invasion.Conclusions. We can assume that the severity of the sclerosing component in the FLK tumor can serve as an effective morphological marker of a less favorable prognosis for this HCC subtype and correlate with the frequency of microvascular invasion

Практические аспекты современной противоопухолевой терапии местнораспространенного и метастатического билиарного рака

Although gallbladder and biliary tract cancer is a rather rare group of diseases, it is among the pressing issues of modern oncology. Adequate surgery is the only curative method that can give a chance for recovery for a small proportion of patients at early stages of the disease. The scope of opportunities of drug therapy in biliary tract cancer is limited by the low effectiveness of the few currently available cytostatics. The addition of chemotherapy has little effect on the long-term outcome of surgery and other local interventions. Apparently, future treatments for these patients should be developed based on studies of targeted therapy and its combination with standard cytotoxic therapy, as well as possible targeting of anticancer immune response, which necessitates a search for immunotherapy efficacy predictors. The objective of this article is to consider the practical potential of drug therapy for biliary tract cancer and to review the studies that looked into molecular genetic targets and effective combinations of existing drugs, analyzing possible practical applications of the study results.Несмотря на то, что рак желчного пузыря и желчных протоков является достаточно редким заболеванием, он представляет собой значимую проблему современной онкологии. Хирургическое лечение в адекватном объеме — единственный метод, способный дать шанс на выздоровление для небольшой части больных с ранними стадиями заболевания. Возможности лекарственной терапии билиарного рака ограничены невысокой эффективностью узкого перечня используемых цитостатиков. Добавление химиотерапии мало отражается на отдаленных результатах хирургии и других методов локального воздействия. Перспективы в лечении этой группы больных видятся в области изучения таргетной терапии и ее комбинации со стандартной цитотоксической терапией, а также в возможном влиянии на иммунный противоопухолевый ответ, что обусловливает поиск предикторов эффективности иммунотерапии. Целью этого обзора является рассмотрение практических возможностей лекарственной терапии билиарного рака, освещение исследований, направленных на поиск молекулярно-генетических мишеней и эффективных комбинаций уже существующих препаратов и возможное применение полученных результатов в практике

Место иммуноонкологии в лечении немелкоклеточного рака легкого

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Many patients present with metastatic disease and traditional CT treatment fails to provide long- term benefit for most patients. Patients with driver mutations demonstrate substantially better response rate and progressionfree survival when the appropriate targeted agents are used, but only approximately 25%-30% of patients with NSCLC have actionable mutations. Novel treatment options are clearly needed for patients with lung cancer. Immuno-oncology recently has been identified as effective second line therapy of NCSLC. Almost all of this progress has been due to the development of PD‑1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we explore the data currently available for these agents.Немелкоклеточный рак легкого (НМРЛ) является ведущей причиной смертности от онкологических заболеваний во всем мире. При применении стандартной химиотерапии не удалось достигнуть хороших результатов долгосрочной выживаемости у пациентов с метастатическим НМРЛ. При наличии драйверных мутаций назначение таргетной терапии позволяет добиться хорошего ответа и значительного увеличения показателя выживаемости без прогрессирования. Однако только около у 25%-30% пациентов с НМРЛ выявляются эти мутации. Таким образом, для лечения рака легкого актуальна разработка новых подходов терапии. Недавно было показано, что иммуноонкология является эффективным подходом во второй линии терапии НМРЛ. Этот прогресс был достигнут благодаря разработке препаратов ингибиторов рецептора PD‑1 и лиганда PD-L1. В этом обзоре мы рассмотрим данные исследований, доступные для этих препаратов в настоящее время