Are Gender Portrayals of Children in Advertisements Stereotypical?

Advertising directed at children has been the topic of considerable research and debate. Several researchers have discussed the various concerns and criticisms of children\u27s advertising, while attempting to sort out the factors likely to contribute to young readers/viewers responses to advertiser\u27s persuasive attempts (Kolbe & Muehling, 1995). One of the main criticisms of advertising has been concerned with the use of stereotyped gender role portrayals by advertisers. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether or not gender role portrayals in advertisements featuring children are stereotypical. A review of the literature from the past couple of decades reveals that although some gender role portrayals have changed, many of them continue to be stereotypical

Using Email to Create Collective Identity

The internet has changed the ability of social movements to carry out political organizing. It has also become a tool for expressing movement identities. Wall (2007) has argued that collective identity can be fostered through the frames created, the boundaries drawn and the emotional investment established by the movements. This paper examines how the social movement MoveOn has used email to express a collective identity. The use of frames, boundaries and emotional investment within these emails are the focus of this study

MoveOn: The Rhetoric of Polarization

The media environment has changed dramatically since King and Anderson (1971) first articulated their conceptualization of the rhetoric of polarization. With the advent of the user friendly World Wide Web in the 1990s came a new interactive form of media that is now used as a tool by politicians and activists. According to Chadwick, one group that has been successful in creating a network of citizens by using the internet has been MoveOn.org. This paper examines how MoveOn.org has used the rhetoric of polarization within its member emails to create feelings of solidarity amongst themselves and opposition to a common foe