SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY INDICATORS FOR CITIES

Abstract The development of every nation is measured through its grade of industrialization and especially its transportation system development. But this development can only be achieved by respecting and fulfilling the goals of sustainable mobility. This paper presents the concept of sustainable mobility and the specific set of sustainable mobility indicators for cities, that are used to analyze, evaluate and improve urban policies in the sphere of sustainable mobility. The paper also includes a brief comparison between the country with the highest score and the one with the lowest score in the global ranking, depending on the value of the GSMI score. Since Sweden is the leader of the European countries in sustainable mobility, the paper also highlights some examples of good practices in the field of sustainable mobility promoted by Swedish companies

BIOECONOMY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. ANALYSIS OF KEY STRATEGIES AND INDICATORS

A new concept promoted in the European Union, the bioeconomy, can contribute to sustainable economic growth, which respects the environment and promotes renewable resources. The transition to a sustainable economy, supported by bio principles is based on technology, economic profitability and awareness by members of society. This paper addresses this concept and analyzes the European Union's strategy in the field of bioeconomy and funding instruments to achieve this goal. The paper also presents a brief analysis of the indicators that allows the monitoring of the bioeconomic sectors from the economic, social and environmental point of view. The bioeconomy must become a reality in every Member State of the European Union

Componentes lingüísticos de la chilenidad: lexicología

The different diatopic varieties of Spanish are characterized by different phenomena of phonetic and morpho-syntactic variation, and, more importantly, by a rich lexical variation. In the case of the Chilean variety, its characteristic features are, in general, of a lexical nature and are due to specific linguistic contacts within Chile’s geographical area, which are absent or less frequent in other areas: contacts with Quechua, Aymara, Mapuche (or mapudungún), German, gypsy, or with the Argentine variety of Spanish. The existence of such lexical loans in the Chilean variety of Spanish can be explained by the Republic of Chile’s historical and cultural evolution.Las diferentes variedades diatópicas del español se caracterizan no sólo por diferentes fenómenos de  variación fonética y morfo-sintáctica, sino, sobre todo, por una rica variación léxica. En el caso de la variedad chilena, sus rasgos característicos son, por lo general, de índole léxica y se deben a contactos lingüísticos específicos de dicha área geográfica, ausentes o menos frecuentes en otras áreas: el contacto con el quechua, aimara, mapuche (o mapudungún), alemán, gitano o con la variedad argentina del español. La existencia de tales préstamos  en la variedad chilena del español se explica por la evolución histórico-cultural de la República de Chile

Un parangón imposible : la retórica de la primera fase de la transición en España y Rumanía

Resumen: El artículo presente propone un parangón entre la transición política de España y Rumanía y su reflejo en el lenguaje político de esta etapa histórica. Aparentemente sería una situación muy parecida. Partiendo de la convicción de que los acontecimientos históricos de determinado período están determinados por los períodos anteriores y siendo éstos diferentes en ambos países, se constatan diferencias fundamentales entre la transición en España y Rumanía. Mientras el lenguaje político de la transición española se puede considerar decente y comedido, el de Rumanía es uno violento e instigador, al menos el que practicaron los herederos de los comunistas. Palabras clave: transición, lenguaje político, discursos, eslóganes Abstract: This article seeks to establish a comparison between the political transitions of Spain and Romania, and its reflection in the political language of that historical period. Apparently we are dealing with a very similar situation. Based on the belief that the historical events of a given period are determined by previous, very different periods in both countries, we observe fundamental differences between the transition in Spain and Romania. While the political language of Spain’s transition can be considered decent and measured, Romania’s is a violent and stirring language, at least the one that was practiced by the heirs of the communists

Study and prevention of cracking during weld-repair of heat-resistant cast steels

International audienceHeat-resistant cast steels are highly sensitive to cracking as they are weld-repaired because of their very low ductility. To prevent weld-repair cracking of three different heat-resistant cast steels used for the manufacturing of superplastic forming (SPF) dies, the effect of various welding parameters, such as the choice of the filler material, the number of weld passes and the pre-heating temperature has been investigated. The choice of an appropriate filler metal and the pre-heating to 400 °C of the material prior to welding drastically lower the propensity to cracking, but remain unable to eliminate cracks entirely. To further reduce weld-repair cracking and hopefully prevent it completely, a buttering technique has been developed. Buttering of the base metal surface with nickel alloys before weld-repair has been shown to prevent cracking of the base metal, but results in some hot-cracking of the buttering layer itself. On the other hand, buttering with Ni-Fe alloys, less sensitive to hot-cracking, results in crack-free weld repairs

Experimental and numerical investigation of the weld repair of superplastic forming dies

Issu de : AMPT 2003 - International conference on advances in materials and processing technologies, Dublin, IRELAND, July 8-11, 2003International audienceSuperplastic forming process (SPF) is an advanced process conducted at high temperature using moderate strain rates, typically used for shaping TAW sheets for aerospace applications. Thermomechanical stresses on the forming dies due to successive forming cycles may result in the earl), degradation and even fracture of SPF tools through fatigue crack propagation. To reduce cost and extend service life. dies are generally weld-repaired and subsequently re-used in the typical severe conditions of SPF. The implementation of robust, easy processing welding techniques resulting in high quality repair able to sustain cumulative thermomechanical stresses is of utmost concern to SPF parts manufacturers. The paper focuses on the development of an automated TIG technique to weld repair high nickel, high chromium heat resistant alloys based on a complementary approach including thermal instrumentation, numerical simulation using Sysweld(TM) and metallurgical investigation: this former being performed on either as-received, repaired and repaired plus damaged materials

Plant-made vaccines against viral diseases in humans and farm animals

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Efficient cellular and humoral immune response and production of virus-neutralizing antibodies by the Hepatitis B Virus S/preS1 16-42 antigen

Despite the availability of improved antiviral therapies, infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a3 significant health issue, as a curable treatment is yet to be discovered. Current HBV vaccines relaying on the efficient expression of the small (S) envelope protein in yeast and the implementation of mass vaccination programs have clearly contributed to containment of the disease. However, the lack of an efficient immune response in up to 10% of vaccinated adults, the controversies regarding the seroprotection persistence in vaccine responders and the emergence of vaccine escape virus mutations urge for the development of better HBV immunogens. Due to the critical role played by the preS1 domain of the large (L) envelope protein in HBV infection and its ability to trigger virus neutralizing antibodies, including this protein in novel vaccine formulations has been considered a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of S only-based vaccines. In this work we aimed to combine relevant L and S epitopes in chimeric antigens, by inserting preS1 sequences within the external antigenic loop of S, followed by production in mammalian cells and detailed analysis of their antigenic and immunogenic properties. Of the newly designed antigens, the S/preS116–42 protein assembled in subviral particles (SVP) showed the highest expression and secretion levels, therefore, it was selected for further studies in vivo. Analysis of the immune response induced in mice vaccinated with S/preS116–42- and S-SVPs, respectively, demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity of the former and its ability to activate both humoral and cellular immune responses. This combined activation resulted in production of neutralizing antibodies against both wild-type and vaccine-escape HBV variants. Our results validate the design of chimeric HBV antigens and promote the novel S/preS1 protein as a potential vaccine candidate for administration in poor-responders to current HBV vaccines.publishedVersio