Relação de indicadores biológicos de qualidade de solos com Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani e Trichoderma spp. em uma área sob integração lavoura-pecuária.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a relação de populações dos patógenos Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, dos antagonistas Trichoderma spp. e de formas saprófitas de F. oxysporum, com alguns indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo

Gun model classification based on fired cartridge case head images with siamese networks

The identification of the firearm model that triggered the firing of a bullet is an important forensic information that, historically, has been done by trained examiners through visual inspection using microscopes. This is an extensive and very time-consuming process that requires the examiners to be trained to identify and compare the fired cartridges. This paper proposes an automated objective method for binary classifying pairs of fired cartridge head images as belonging to the same or different classes, using siamese neural networks (SNNs). With this technique, an accuracy of up to 70% was reached by using firing pin mark images as the input of the SNN. For the training and optimization of the network this paper also analyses and presents different image preprocessing approaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Schmidt balls around the identity

Robustness measures as introduced by Vidal and Tarrach [PRA, 59, 141-155] quantify the extent to which entangled states remain entangled under mixing. Analogously, we introduce here the Schmidt robustness and the random Schmidt robustness. The latter notion is closely related to the construction of Schmidt balls around the identity. We analyse the situation for pure states and provide non-trivial upper and lower bounds. Upper bounds to the random Schmidt-2 robustness allow us to construct a particularly simple distillability criterion. We present two conjectures, the first one is related to the radius of inner balls around the identity in the convex set of Schmidt number n-states. We also conjecture a class of optimal Schmidt witnesses for pure states.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Experimental implementation of a NMR entanglement witness

Entanglement witnesses (EW) allow the detection of entanglement in a quantum system, from the measurement of some few observables. They do not require the complete determination of the quantum state, which is regarded as a main advantage. On this paper it is experimentally analyzed an entanglement witness recently proposed in the context of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments to test it in some Bell-diagonal states. We also propose some optimal entanglement witness for Bell-diagonal states. The efficiency of the two types of EW's are compared to a measure of entanglement with tomographic cost, the generalized robustness of entanglement. It is used a GRAPE algorithm to produce an entangled state which is out of the detection region of the EW for Bell-diagonal states. Upon relaxation, the results show that there is a region in which both EW fails, whereas the generalized robustness still shows entanglement, but with the entanglement witness proposed here with a better performance

Carbon stock change due to land use in argisols on pernambucano-brazillan semiarid

Carbon stored in soils depends on the type of vegetation and management applied. Native vegetation removed for the installation of pastures and grassland affects carbon stocks in the soil.Argisols are one the most used type of soils in agriculture, due its excellent physical and chemical characteristics. Asses carbon stored in these soils under different land uses and understand the dynamics of the C element in ecosystems is important. In this study we examined four types of vegetation cover in three sites on interior of Pernambuco state in Brazil. Trenches of 0.7 x 0.7 m with 0.4 m deep were open and soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm layers to determine carbon content and soil density. Carbon concentrations were determined by dry combustion using a CHN elemental analyzer (CN TruSpec LECO® 2006, St. Joseph, USA). Land use change altered carbon stocks in soil, dense caatinga presented higher stocks than open caatinga, grassland and agriculture. In the 0-10 cm layer expressed biggest difference in C stocks in different vegetation cover

Faithful Squashed Entanglement

Squashed entanglement is a measure for the entanglement of bipartite quantum states. In this paper we present a lower bound for squashed entanglement in terms of a distance to the set of separable states. This implies that squashed entanglement is faithful, that is, strictly positive if and only if the state is entangled. We derive the bound on squashed entanglement from a bound on quantum conditional mutual information, which is used to define squashed entanglement and corresponds to the amount by which strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy fails to be saturated. Our result therefore sheds light on the structure of states that almost satisfy strong subadditivity with equality. The proof is based on two recent results from quantum information theory: the operational interpretation of the quantum mutual information as the optimal rate for state redistribution and the interpretation of the regularised relative entropy of entanglement as an error exponent in hypothesis testing. The distance to the set of separable states is measured by the one-way LOCC norm, an operationally-motivated norm giving the optimal probability of distinguishing two bipartite quantum states, each shared by two parties, using any protocol formed by local quantum operations and one-directional classical communication between the parties. A similar result for the Frobenius or Euclidean norm follows immediately. The result has two applications in complexity theory. The first is a quasipolynomial-time algorithm solving the weak membership problem for the set of separable states in one-way LOCC or Euclidean norm. The second concerns quantum Merlin-Arthur games. Here we show that multiple provers are not more powerful than a single prover when the verifier is restricted to one-way LOCC operations thereby providing a new characterisation of the complexity class QMA.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Due to an error in the published version, claims have been weakened from the LOCC norm to the one-way LOCC nor

Detection of enteric viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in beach sand

Beach sand harbors a diverse group of microbial organisms that may be of public health concern. Nonetheless, little is known about the presence and distribution of viruses in beach sand. In this study, the first objective was to evaluate the presence of seven viruses (Aichi virus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, human adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) in sands collected at public beaches. The second objective was to assess the spatial distribution of enteric viruses in beach sand. To that end, 27 beach sand samples from different beaches in Portugal were collected between November 2018 and August 2020 and analyzed for the presence of viruses. At seven beaches, samples were collected in the supratidal and intertidal zones. Results show that viruses were detected in 89 % (24/27) of the sand samples. Aichi virus was the most prevalent (74 %). Noroviruses were present in 19 % of the samples (norovirus GI - 15 %, norovirus GII - 4 %). Human adenovirus and enterovirus were detected in 48 % and 22 % of the samples, respectively. Hepatitis A virus and rotavirus were not detected. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 in beach sand collected during the initial stages of the pandemic was also not detected. The detection of three or more viruses occurred in 15 % of the samples. Concentrations of viruses were as high as 7.2 log copies (cp)/g of sand. Enteric viruses were found in higher prevalence in sand collected from the supratidal zone compared to the intertidal zone. Human adenovirus was detected in 43 % of the supratidal and 14 % in the intertidal samples and Aichi virus in 57 % and 86 % of the intertidal and supratidal areas, respectively. Our findings suggest that beach sand can be a reservoir of enteric viruses, suggesting that it might be a vehicle for disease transmission, particularly for children, the elderly, and immunocompromised users.This work was supported by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) program, project Surveillance of Emerging Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Ecosystems (SARA), grant number Aquatic/0006/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A two-step factorial design for optimization of protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal after ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of oil production with relatively high antinutrient content which limits its application in both feed and food industries. A two-step procedure, including two-level full factorial and central composite designs, was used to assess the influence of five factors namely pH (6 and 12), temperature (20 and 40 degrees C), NaCl concentration (0 and 7.5%), rapeseed meal concentration (2.5 and 5%), and extraction longevity (15 and 60 min) on protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal subjected to ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients. Data demonstrated that pH and its interaction with NaCl influenced protein extractability the most. While still significant, individual effects of NaCl, extraction longevity, temperature and its interaction with pH had a less significant effect on protein yield. Overall. higher protein yields were obtained in response to combining high pH values with low NaCl concentrations, and high pH values with high temperatures. The highest protein yield (59.56 +/- 1.29%) was achieved after extraction of 5% ethanol-treated rapeseed meal at pH 12 with no NaCl addition, at 40 degrees C and extraction longevity of 60 min. A second-order polynomial model for protein yield prediction was generated. The adequacy of the model was verified by coefficient of determination and residual analyses. A high correlation between experimentally obtained and predicted protein yields (R-2 = 0.95) was established. Since extraction conditions are strong determinants of protein characteristics, the predictive model generated in the present work is useful for the selection of factor combinations, which allows for the achievement of optimal protein yield of a product with desired techno-functional properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diversidade morfológica e cultural de Trichoderma spp. em solos cultivados majoritariamente com o feijoeiro comum.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer uma coleção de isolados de Trichoderma spp. para controle de patógenos habitantes do solo que afetam a produção do feijoeiro comum, e identificar em nível de espécie morfológica os isolados obtidos.CONAFE