Physical and Chemical Characterization of Drag Reducing Polymer Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in Human Blood Flow

A new attempt to use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a bio-drag reducing polymer agent for human blood flow has been studied. PVP was added at 0, 500, 750 and 1000 part per million (ppm) and mixed with human blood at room temperature for 2 minutes. Then, a cone on plate rheometer was used to investigate the effectiveness of PVP agent on blood rheological properties. The results showed significant effecting of PVP on blood fluidity characteristics, where the viscosity decreased as the PVP content increased or as a shear rate increased. For a certain shear rate, the shear stress decreased as PVP content increased. These changes will lead to increased mixing efficiency within the capillaries, increased oxygen transportation, increased tissue perfusion, modified red blood cells (RBCs) distribution, reduced pressure drop gradients, enhanced turbulent flow tendency, enhanced viscoelasticity nature of the blood and its strengthened non-Newtonian pattern. Also, the results showed that the viscosity-shear stress relationships become more linear at higher PVP concentrations. PVP addition caused no shifting in UV-absorbing positions and only moderate intensity changing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) parameters provide other indicators about the role of PVP as a drag reduction agent for blood flow, where all of the amplitude, hybrid and special parameters decreased significantly

Prevent Intravenous Therapy (IV) Contamination by Addition of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles to Silicone Rubber

 المواد النانوية المتراكبة المضادة للبكتيريا تم تحضيرها لاستخدامها كأنابيب لادخال العلاج عن طريق الوريد (IV). حيث حضرت هذه المركبات بإضافة مسحوق أكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي (MgO NPs) بنسب وزنية مختلفة (3، 6، و9) وزن% إلى مطاط السيليكون (SR) وتم فحص فعالية هذه المادة المتراكبة المضادة للبكتيريا ضد بكتيريا S. aureus و E. coli باستخدام طريقة Agar Well Diffusion. أظهرت النتائج أن إضافة MgO NPs إلى SR يؤدي إلى تحسين الفعالية المضادة للبكتيريا ضد E. coli و S.aureus بنسبة 7.1 ٪ و 27.1 ٪ على التوالي ،  وزيادة قوة الشد بنسبة 65.5 ٪ ، وزيادة الصلابة بنسبة 11.25 ٪ ، وزيادة مقاومة البلى بنسبة 84.5 ٪ ، وزيادة مؤشر تحمل السطح (Sbi) بنسبة 80.5 ٪ ، وزيادة في قابلية خزن السوائل (Sci) بنسبة 8.5 ٪ ، وخفض خشونة السطح (Sa) بنسبة 65 ٪ ، وخفض عمق الخشونة الأساسية (SK) بنسبة 67 ٪ و تحسين قابلية الترطيب للسطوح من خلال تقليل زاوية التلامس إلى اقل قيمة.Antibacterial material nanocomposites are prepared to manufacture intravenous therapy (IV). These composites prepared by adding Magnesium oxide nano powder (MgO NPs) with a different percent (3, 6, and 9 wt %) to Silicone rubber (SR). The activity of this antibacterial material was inspected against S. aureus and E.coli microorganisms by using Agar Well Diffusion method. Results showed that the addition of MgO NPs to SiR causes the following enhancement the antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus by 7.1% and 27.1% respectively, increasing tensile strength by 65.5%, increasing the hardness by11.25%, increasing the wear resistance by 84.5%, increasing surface bearing index (Sbi) by 80.5% , increasing in core fluid retention (Sci) by 8.5%,  decreasing surface roughness (Sa) by 65%, decreasing core roughness depth (Sk) by 67% and  enhancement the wettability by decreases contact angle to minimum value

The Fracture Toughness of Heat Cured Acrylic- Natural Rubber/Silicone Rubber Blend Reinforced with Pomegranate Peels Powder

يمثل تطوير راتنج PMMA في تصنيع قاعدة الأسنان باستخدام طريقة التقوية عاملًا مهمًا في السنوات الأخيرة، لذلك يتعامل هذا العمل مع تطوير المقاومة الميكانيكية لقاعدة أسنان PMMA عن طريق تصنيع عينات تتكون من مزيج البوليمر كمادة اساس ومدعومة بجزيئات نانوية طبيعية من قشر الرمان (PPP). تتكون هذه المجموعات من نوعين من مزيج البوليمرات (  2%:PMMAمطاط السيليكونSR  أو المطاط الطبيعي(NR ، كل واحدة منها تستخدم كمواد اساس ، تم تعزيزها بواسطة مسحوق طبيعي من قشور الرمان (PPP) بحجم النانومتر ،بنسب وزنية محددة (0.0 ، 0.1 ، 0.3 ، 0.5 و 0.7٪ وزناً). تم التحقق من بعض الخواص الميكانيكية (مقاومة الانحناء، أقصى إجهاد القص، مقاومة الصدمة، متانة الكسر والصلابة) ومن معطيات الـ FTIR)، وأظهرت النتائج تحسنًا ملحوظًا في جميع الخواص الميكانيكية التي درست في هذا العمل لكلتا المجموعتين من المتراكبات مقارنة بمواد الاساسSR)  (PMMA: 2% أو (PMMA: 2% NR) أظهرت المتراكبات الحياتية المكونة من (PMMA: 2%NR): X% PPP) أعلى القيم لهذه الخصائص وهي 144MPa, 12MPa, 10KJ/m² and 5.74MPa.m½على التوالي، بالمقارنة مع العينات المتراكبة المكونة من (PMMA: 2%SR): X% PPP). بناءً على هذه النتائج، يمكن أن نلخص إلى أن إضافة 2٪ من المطاط الطبيعي مع حبيبات القشور النانوية إلى مادة بولي ميثيل ميثاكريليت هي واحدة من الاساليب الناجعة لتحسين متانة الكسر لقواعد أطقم الأسنان.The development of PMMA resin in denture base fabrication by using the strengthen method represent important factor in the last years, so this study aims to development the mechanical strengthens of PMMA denture base by manufacturing samples based on two types of polymers blends are (poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin: 2% (silicone rubber (SR)) and (PMMA resin:  2% natural rubber (NR)),  each one of them used as a matrix material,  reinforced by natural nanoparticles of pomegranate peel (PPP), with selected weight fractions ratios (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 & 0.7% wt.). Some mechanical properties and analytical of (FTIR) were investigated. The results showed an appreciably improvement in the values of flexural strength, max. Shear stress, impact strength and fracture toughness for both groups of hybrids nanocomposites specimens comparing with matrix materials of (PMMA: 2%SR) and (PMMA: 2%NR). Hybrid nanocomposites specimens that based on polymer blend (PMMA: 2%NR) as matrix material  reinforced with PPP nanoparticle ,  showed the highest values in these properties  (144MPa, 12MPa, 10KJ/m² and 5.74MPa.m½) respectively, as compared with specimens of hybrid nanocomposites  (PMMA: 2%SR): X% PPP) . On the basis of these results, it can be conclusion that the addition of 2% natural rubber with pomegranate peels powder nanoparticles to the poly methyl methacrylate material is one of the hopeful materials in use to improve the fracture strength for the complete or partial dentures base

Development of Surface Roughness and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Nanocomposites by Blending with Polymeric Materials

This work aims to a development of mechanical properties of PMMA that is utilized in denture material, by using two types of polymers; blends (PMMA:2%NR) and (PMMA:2%SR) as a matrix materials strengthen with natural nanoparticles from the pomegranate peel powder (PPP) that were added at different weight fractions (0.0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%). Two groups of bio nanocomposites specimens were prepared, using (Hand Lay-Up) method. Experimental tests were carried out on surface roughness, hardness and wear rate as well as analyzing of FTIR test. The minimum values of surface roughness and wear rate were reached 1.51 nm and 0.317×10-8 g/cm respectively for polymer blend nanocomposite ((PMMA:2%NR): 0.7% PPP). Whereas, the maximum value of Shore D hardness reached 90 for the same sample of nanocomposites. According to these results, it can be a concluded that the addition of Nano pomegranate powder and natural rubber can develop the mechanical properties of PMMA material used in medical applications

Electro spun polymeric membranes for wound healing: A review

Wound dressing materials which are capable of meeting the demands of accelerating wound closure and promoting wound healing process have been highly desired. Electro spun nanofbrous materials show great application potentials for wound healing owing to relatively large surface area, better mimicry of native extracellular matrix, adjustable waterproofness and breathability, and programmable drug delivery process.In this review article, the historical perspective of using electrospun polymeric materials for wound healing is outlined. This review includes, also, the electrospining parameters, wound measurement methods, phases of wound healing, characteristics of membrane required for wound healing and the required tests. The electrospun extract and the essential oils also included

Chemical resistance of NR/SBR rubber blends for surfaces corrosion protection of metallic tanks in petrochemical industries

In this work, a series of Natural Rubber (NR)/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) blends were formulated to protect metallic petrochemical storage tanks from corrosive media. Therefore, these blends tested against a 10% HCl solution for 72 hr at room temperature. Blends series were prepared with different ratios of NR/SBR; 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 50/50, and 55/45. Three types of carbon black (N-330, N-660, and N-762) were added individually to the 45/55 blend. Hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and elongation properties were tested before and after immersion in the 10% HCl attack media. All these mechanical properties decreased after immersion action accept hardness property. Up to 45 phr NR content, the hardness increased linearly independent on immersion action, but HCl immersion gives higher hardness values. Tensile strength increased up to 40 phr NR content with and without immersion and the immersion action decreased tensile values. The highest elongation value obtained with 35/65 blend with and without immersion. The 45 phr NR content gives the higher modulus, while the lowest value obtained with the 30 phhr content. For 45/55 blend, the hardness increased as the carbon black particle size decreased and immersion action gives higher hardness values. The tensile strength decreased linearly with the carbon black surface area, while with the medium surface area, the highest modulus and lowest elongation obtained