Geochemistry of nitric thermal springs from Khoja-Obi-Garm thermal area (Pamir-Tien Shan region)

This paper presents data on the composition of the low-enthalpy thermal waters from the unique Khoja-Obi-Garm field located at the central part of the southern slope of the Gissar Range, in the gorge of the Khoja- Obi-Garm River, at an altitude of 1740-1960 meters. In this place, the eponymous SPA-center was built. Groundwaters from springs and boreholes of Khoja-Obi-Garm thermal area have temperatures from 57 to 93 °C, high pH (up to 8), and low TDS (less than 0.5 g/l). These waters belong to Na–SO4–HCO3 type with high content of H2SiO3 (~140 mg/l), F (up to 18 mg/l), and Rn (up to 814 Bq/l). The specific feature of these thermal waters is a predominance of N2 in the gas phase (up to 83-98 vol.%), while other gases (O2, CO2, Ar, Кr, Хe, Нe, and Ne) are nonessential. Gas content at Khoja-Obi-Garm spa waters is usually not high, does not exceed 30 ml/l. We prove that N2 and O2 are atmospheric gases, but CO2 is biogenic gas (δ13CTIC -30‰ – -22 ‰). The estimated subsurface temperature is 193-197 °C based on the silica and K/Na geothermometer. Thermodynamic speciations indicate that these groundwaters are supersaturated with clay minerals and lowtemperature zeolites and undersaturated with carbonate and aluminosilicate minerals

Low-Level Laser Treatment Induces the Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and the Brain Drainage System Activation: Delivery of Liposomes into Mouse Glioblastoma

The progress in brain diseases treatment is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of the vast majority of drugs from the blood into the brain. In this study, we discover unknown phenomenon of opening of the BBBB (BBBO) by low-level laser treatment (LLLT, 1268 nm) in the mouse cortex. LLLT-BBBO is accompanied by activation of the brain drainage system contributing effective delivery of liposomes into glioblastoma (GBM). The LLLT induces the generation of singlet oxygen without photosensitizers (PSs) in the blood endothelial cells and astrocytes, which can be a trigger mechanism of BBBO. LLLT-BBBO causes activation of the ABC-transport system with a temporal decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins. The BBB recovery is accompanied by activation of neuronal metabolic activity and stabilization of the BBB permeability. LLLT-BBBO can be used as a new opportunity of interstitial PS-free photodynamic therapy (PDT) for modulation of brain tumor immunity and improvement of immuno-therapy for GBM in infants in whom PDT with PSs, radio- and chemotherapy are strongly limited, as well as in adults with a high allergic reaction to PSs

A consensus statement on detection of hippocampal sharp wave ripples and differentiation from other fast oscillations

Article suggests that common standards for recording, detection, and reporting for intracranial recordings in humans that suggest their role in episodic and semantic memory does not exist. Authors of the article outline the methodological challenges involved in detecting ripple events and offer practical recommendations to improve separation from other high-frequency oscillations, and argue that shared experimental, detection, and reporting standards will provide a solid foundation for future translational discovery

Biological Earth observation with animal sensors

Space-based tracking technology using low-cost miniature tags is now delivering data on fine-scale animal movement at near-global scale. Linked with remotely sensed environmental data, this offers a biological lens on habitat integrity and connectivity for conservation and human health; a global network of animal sentinels of environmen-tal change

Hydrochemistry of thermal waters in crystalline rocks of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, Far East of Russia

Low-enthalpy thermal waters (30-50°C) of HCO3-Na and HCO3-SO4-Na types with nitrogen as a dominant associated gas discharge on the southern continental margin of the Russian Far East and traditionally are of great importance for recreation and balneology facilities. All studied thermal waters have meteoric origin and relate to Palaeocene granite intrusions. Based on the chemical characteristics and isotopic composition, thermal waters are divided onto “immature” thermal waters with a short residence time (3H=1.3±0.2TU), and “mature” thermal waters (3H=0.3±0.2TU) originated as a result of a longer evolution history (more than 60 years). The chemical composition of waters is largely determined by water-rock interactions, residence time and the local geothermal gradient

Rare earth element contents in high pCO

The geochemistry of rare earth elements in cold, high pCO2 mineral waters was studied through the sampling of springs and boreholes of Sakhalin Island (the Russian Far East). The main common features of studied waters are the Na-Cl-HCO3 hydrochemical type, high TDS (6–20 g/L), alkaline pH (6.2–7.4), and reducing environment (-195 to +62 mV). The North American Shale Composite-normalized patterns of groundwaters exhibited a heavy REEs enrichment with high positive Eu anomalies. Both, positive and negative Ce anomalies were detected in CO2-rich mineral waters. The distinct positive Eu/Eu* in waters indicates water-rock interaction processes and positive Ce/Ce* corresponds to reducing conditions. The various processes responsible for negative Ce anomaly in reducing environment are described

Deuterium, Oxygen-18 and Tritium in Precipitation, Surface and Groundwater in the Far East of Russia

AbstractThis is the first report describing the parallel measurement of deuterium (δD), tritium (3H), and oxygen-18 (δ18O) in precipitation, seawater, surface and groundwater in relation to the Russian Far East. δD and δ18O demonstrate that the studied waters have a meteoric origin, and variations are the result of water-rock-gas interactions. All studied waters reveal obvious “latitudinal” and “continental” effects: there is a universal decrease in δ18О and δD from the south to the north, and from the ocean inland. The background level of 3H is 20 TU in Amursky region's rivers, 13 TU in Primorsky region's rivers, and 5.5 TU in one of the Kuril Islands. The majority of studied groundwaters have short residence times