The Role of Regulatory T Cells and TH17 Cells in Multiple Myeloma

The development of multiple myeloma (MM) involves a series of genetic alterations and changes in the bone marrow microenvironment, favoring the growth of the tumor and failure of local immune control. Quantitative and functional alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have been described in MM. The balance between T regulatory cells (Treg) and T helper (Th) 17 cells represents one essential prerequisite for maintaining anti-tumor immunity in MM. Tregs play an important role in the preservation of self-tolerance and modulation of overall immune responses against infections and tumor cells. In MM patients, Tregs seem to contribute to myeloma-related immune dysfunction and targeting them could, therefore, help to restore and enhance vital immune responses. Th17 cells protect against fungal and parasitic infections and participate in inflammatory reactions and autoimmunity. The interplay of TGF-β and IL-6, expressed at high levels in the bone marrow of myeloma patients, may affect generation of Th17 cells both directly or via other pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby modulate antitumor immune responses. A detailed analysis of the balance between Tregs and Th17 cells seems necessary in order to design more effective and less toxic modes of immunotherapy myeloma which still is an uncurable malignancy

Viabilidade de pupas de Thelosia camina schaus coletadas em plantios de erva-mate.

Resumo

Construção de captadores de água de chuva para uso em pequenas propriedades rurais.

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Insetos associados às sementes e frutos de espécies da arborização de Curitiba, PR.

Resumo

Desempenho econômico de sistemas de irrigação com viabilidade técnica de serem utilizados na produção orgânica de tomate no Distrito Federal.

Avaliou-se a eficiência econômica do uso de distintos sistemas de irrigação na produção de tomate orgânico no Distrito Federal

Pearl Millet: a green bridge for Lepidopteran Pests.

Abstract: This study evaluated the occurrence of lepidopteran pests on millet cultivated in off-season in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Larvae were collected from May to July 2013 in an area of 145 hectares located in Tangará da Serra, MT. After being collected, caterpillars were kept in the laboratory and fed an artificial diet until the pupal stage. After emergence, adults were dry mounted, identified, and deposited in the entomological collection of Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Adults obtained from 117 caterpillars were identified as Mocis latipes (Guenée), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), H. zea (Boddie), Mythimna (Pseudaletia) sequax Franclemont, Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus), and Leucania latiuscula Herrich-Schäffer. This study describes the first record of lepidopteran pests on millet plants in the state of Mato Grosso, and the incidence of lepidopterans in the system that uses millet as cover crop represents a risk of the occurrence of insect pests on subsequent crops on the straw of this grass