Quantum Solitons in Affine Toda Field Theories

The spectra of $A_r$ affine Toda field theories with imaginary coupling constant, are investigated. Soliton solutions are found, which, despite the non-unitary form of the Lagrangian, have real classical masses and are stable to small perturbations. The quantum corrections to the soliton masses are determined, to lowest order in $\hbar$. The solitons have the same spectrum as the fundamental Toda particles; a feature that is preserved in the quantum theory.Comment: 21 page

Malolactic Fermentation Sensor Development Project

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is commonly carried out in winemaking as a tool for deacidification, altering the sensory profile and increasing the microbial stability of a wine. MLF must be monitored and sometimes stopped so as to prevent unwanted microbial spoilage. Current methods for monitoring MLF are both expensive and labor intensive and a low cost automated sensor could be of practical relevance for the wine industry. Due to the different densities of malic acid and lactic acid, density measurements could be used to monitor MLF. This multifaceted project involved two key studies, a study of density during MLF in a Zinfandel wine and a study of the pressure tube density meter during MLF. The goal of the study of density during MLF in a Zinfandel wine was to determine if a correlation between malic acid concentration and density exists and to write a predictive curve which can be used to determine malic acid concentration from density measurements. The goal of the study of the pressure tube density meter during MLF was to assess the sensitivity, compatibility and potential for adapting the pressure tube technology used in Cypress Semiconductor’s Integrated Fermentation Control System (IFCS) to monitor malic acid concentration during MLF with a density derived predictive curve. Daily samples were taken from three replicate 208 Liter fermenters and analyzed for density and L-malic acid concentration in a laboratory setting for the duration of MLF of a Zinfandel wine. The regression models fit to the data did not show evidence of a correlation between malic acid concentration and density with the coefficient of determination for each fermenter being R2Tank1 = 0.01092, R2Tank2 = 0.00085, R2Tank3= 0.01826 and R2Tank_all = 2.082-5. The high standard deviations in density for each data set (SDTank1 = 0.0051, SDTank2 = 0.0038, SDTank3 = 0.0046 and SDTank_all = 0.0045) implied a lack of sensitivity in testing methodology due to a volumetric variation not accounted for in density calculations. The data collection software disconnected from the IFCS units during alcoholic fermentation, halting data collection. Without data collection, it was impossible to assess the capabilities of the IFCS as a MLF sensor

Quantum Soliton Mass Corrections in SL(N) Affine Toda Theory

The first quantum mass corrections for the solitons of complex $sl(n)$ affine Toda field theory are calculated. The corrections are real and preserve the classical mass ratios. The formalism also proves that the solitons are classically stable.Comment: 14 page

The Analytic Structure of Trigonometric S Matrices

$S$-matrices associated to the vector representations of the quantum groups for the classical Lie algebras are constructed. For the $a_{m-1}$ and $c_m$ algebras the complete $S$-matrix is found by an application of the bootstrap equations. It is shown that the simplest form for the $S$-matrix which generalizes that of the Gross-Neveu model is not consistent for the non-simply-laced algebras due to the existence of unexplained singularities on the physical strip. However, a form which generalizes the $S$-matrix of the principal chiral model is shown to be consistent via an argument which uses a novel application of the Coleman-Thun mechanism. The analysis also gives a correct description of the analytic structure of the $S$-matrix of the principle chiral model for $c_m$.Comment: 25 pages (macro included, 6 figures included as uuencoded compressed tar file), CERN-TH.6888/93, (An important argument is corrected leading to a novel application of the Coleman-Thun mechanism. Also decided to risk some figures.

The N=1 supersymmetric bootstrap and Lie algebas

The bootstrap programme for finding exact S-matrices of integrable quantum field theories with N=1 supersymmetry is investigated. New solutions are found which have the same fusing data as bosonic theories related to the classical affine Lie algebras. When the states correspond to a spinor spot of the Dynkin diagram they are kinks which carry a non-zero topological charge. Using these results, the S-matrices of the supersymmetric O($2n$) sigma model and sine-Gordon model can be shown to close under the bootstrap.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures (uses psfig.tex), plain tex with macro include

Examination of Edge Effects with Different Storage Conditions of Preplated Dimethyl Sulfoxide Nanospots in ChemLib 1,536- and 3,456-Well Assay-Ready Plates

For ultra-high-throughput screening, 10–30 nl of compound dissolved in 75% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/25% water (vol/vol) is spotted into 1,536- and 3,456-well ChemLib™ plates (Aurora Biotechnologies, Carlsbad, CA) and stored appropriately for a short time before screening. Although this practice eliminates the compound plating bottleneck, plated volumes of DMSO slowly evaporate from assay wells if plates are not properly stored in the interim. Since many assays are sensitive to DMSO concentrations, even slight evaporation may cause intra-plate variation and thus decrease assay quality. Using a cytochrome P450 3A4 Vivid® Blue assay (Invitrogen, Carlsbad), we investigated the rate, pattern, and quantity of evaporation over a 1-year time frame to identify best practices for long-term (i.e., 6 months or greater) storage of assay-ready compound plates. Our findings regarding evaporation at plate edges indicate that nanospots preplated in ChemLib 1,536- or 3,456-well plates are best stored at −80°C, in a bag, with or without the outer evaporation wells filled or at −20°C, in a bag, with evaporation wells filled.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63203/1/adt.2008.169.pd

The Curve of Compactified 6D Gauge Theories and Integrable Systems

We analyze the Seiberg-Witten curve of the six-dimensional N=(1,1) gauge theory compactified on a torus to four dimensions. The effective theory in four dimensions is a deformation of the N=2* theory. The curve is naturally holomorphically embedding in a slanted four-torus--actually an abelian surface--a set-up that is natural in Witten's M-theory construction of N=2 theories. We then show that the curve can be interpreted as the spectral curve of an integrable system which generalizes the N-body elliptic Calogero-Moser and Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems in that both the positions and momenta take values in compact spaces. It turns out that the resulting system is not simply doubly elliptic, rather the positions and momenta, as two-vectors, take values in the ambient abelian surface. We analyze the two-body system in some detail. The system we uncover provides a concrete realization of a Beauville-Mukai system based on an abelian surface rather than a K3 surface.Comment: 22 pages, JHEP3, 4 figures, improved readility of figures, added reference

A 5d/3d duality from relativistic integrable system

We propose and prove a new exact duality between the F-terms of supersymmetric gauge theories in five and three dimensions with adjoint matter fields. The theories are compactified on a circle and are subject to the Omega deformation. In the limit proposed by Nekrasov and Shatashvili, the supersymmetric vacua become isolated and are identified with the eigenstates of a quantum integrable system. The effective twisted superpotentials are the Yang-Yang functional of the relativistic elliptic Calogero-Moser model. We show that they match on-shell by deriving the Bethe ansatz equation from the saddle point of the five-dimensional partition function. We also show that the Chern-Simons terms match and extend our proposal to the elliptic quiver generalizations.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures. v2: typo corrected, references adde

Quantum scattering of charged solitons in the complex sine-Gordon model

The scattering of charged solitons in the complex sine-Gordon field theory is investigated. An exact factorizable S-matrix for the theory is proposed when the renormalized coupling constant takes the values $\lambda^{2}_{R}=4\pi/k$ for any integer $k>1$: the minimal S-matrix associated with the Lie algebra $a_{k-1}$. It is shown that the proposed S-matrix reproduces the leading semiclassical behaviour of all amplitudes in the theory and is the minimal S-matrix which is consistent with the semiclassical spectrum of the model. The results are completely consistent with the description of the complex sine-Gordon theory as the SU$(2)/{\rm U}(1)$ coset model at level $k$ perturbed by its first thermal operator.Comment: SWAT-4

Effect of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction on pitch accuracy, velocity, and movement in Major League Baseball pitchers

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is frequently performed on Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. Previous studies have investigated the effects of UCL reconstruction on fastball and curveball velocity, but no study to date has evaluated its effect on fastball accuracy or curveball movement among MLB pitchers. Purpose/Hypothesis: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of UCL reconstruction on fastball accuracy, fastball velocity, and curveball movement in MLB pitchers. Our hypothesis was that MLB pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction would return to their presurgery fastball velocity, fastball accuracy, and curveball movement. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine which factors, if any, were predictive of poor performance after UCL reconstruction. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction surgery between 2011 and 2012 were identified. Performance data including fastball velocity, fastball accuracy, and curveball movement were evaluated 1 year preoperatively and up to 3 years of play postoperatively. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test was used to determine statistically significant changes in performance over time. Characteristic factors and presurgery performance statistics were compared between poor performers (\u3e20% decrease in fastball accuracy) and non-poor performers. Results: We identified 56 pitchers with a total of 230,995 individual pitches for this study. After exclusion for lack of return to play (n = 14) and revision surgery (n = 3), 39 pitchers were included in the final analysis. The mean presurgery fastball pitch-to-target distance was 32.9 cm. There was a statistically significant decrease in fastball accuracy after reconstruction, which was present up to 3 years postoperatively ( Conclusion: Fastball accuracy among MLB pitchers significantly decreased after UCL reconstruction for up to 3 years postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences in characteristic factors or presurgery performance statistics between poor and non--poor performers