Protecting public welfare regulation through joint treaty party control: a ChAFTA innovation

The recent FTA between China and Australia aims to protect public welfare measures through joint treaty party control. This Perspective assesses the FTA’s mechanism in the context of broader efforts to rebalance investor protection and state sovereignty, and to recalibrate interpretive authority between arbitral tribunals and treaty parties

ChAFTA新制度：利用条约缔约方联合控制以保障公共福利规制

The recent FTA between China and Australia aims to protect public welfare measures through joint treaty party control. This Perspective assesses the FTA’s mechanism in the context of broader efforts to rebalance investor protection and state sovereignty, and to recalibrate interpretive authority between arbitral tribunals and treaty parties

Evaluation of College-Level Instruction in Freshman Composition; Part II

To supplement an experiment at the University of Northern Iowa on the effectiveness of college-level instruction in freshman composition; the University of Iowa conducted its own experiment on the evaluation of freshman composition. This experiment was designed to determine (1) which method of rating papers is more reliable--the general impression method of the Educational Testing Service or the analytical method used at the University of Iowa; (2) if a more significant measure of writing quality is obtained when the better of two papers; rather than merely one; is used as a criterion; and (3) if the writing performance of students completing the University\u27s rhetoric course improved more than that of students excused from the course. The procedures by which theme raters and experimental and control groups of students were selected are described in detail; as are the methods of rating themes. Chapters discussing findings; conclusions; and recommendations indicate that the results of the experiment were inconclusive because the rating of the themes was not reliable. Included in the report are extensive tables of data and appendixes listing information about and instructions to participants in the experiment. (BN

Recent Decisions

Recent Decisions ADMIRALTY--COGSA--BILL OF LADING CARGO DESCRIPTION AND PACKER IDENTITY DETERMINE WHEN A CONTAINER IS A PACKAGE IN COGSA LIABILITY PROCEEDINGS Alan L. Marchisotto ============================ ADMIRALTY--JURISDICTION OVER AVIATION TORT CLAIMS--ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION DOES NOT EXTEND TO AVIATION TORT CLAIMS IN THE ABSENCE OF A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TORT AND TRADITIONAL MARITIME ACTIVITIES W. H. Schwarzschild III ============================ ALIENS--ALIENS MAY MAINTAIN A CAUSE OF ACTION FOR PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (1970) Mark M. Greisberger ============================ ANTITRUST--ARTICLE 86 OF THE EEC TREATY APPLIES TO CERTAIN CHANGES IN INTERNAL CORPORATE STRUCTURE Richard P. Granfield =========================== CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--EXECUTIVE POWER--PRESIDENTIAL AUTHORITY TO NEGOTIATE FOREIGN COMMERCIAL AGREEMENTS PURSUANT TO FOREIGN AFFAIRS POWER IS NOT CIRCUMSCRIBED ABSENT EX-PLICIT LEGISLATION Donald B. Cameron, Jr. ========================== JURISDICTION--SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934--SECTION 10(b) APPLIES TO A TRANSACTION IN UNLISTED FOREIGN SECURITIES WHEN SIGNIFICANT FRAUDULENT CONDUCT OCCURS IN THE UNITED STATES Isaac H. Braddock ========================= TARIFFS--TRADE AGREEMENT CONCESSIONS MAY BE SUSPENDED ON A MOST-FAVORED-NATION BASIS WHEN SUCH TREATMENT IS REQUIRED BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES David A. Boillo

Deconstructing patient centred communication and uncovering shared decision making: an observational study

BACKGROUND: Patient centred communication (PCC) has been described as a method for doctor-patient communication. The principles of shared decision making (SDM) have been proposed more recently. AIMS: This study aimed to examine PCC and SDM empirically with respect to their mutual association, the variation in practitioners' working styles, and the associations with patient characteristics. METHODS: Sixty general practitioners recruited 596 adult patients who gave written consent to have their consultations videotaped. The tapes were assessed by two researchers, using a standardised instrument for global communication. For the purpose of this exploratory study, scales for PCC and SDM were based on subsamples of items in the MAAS. RESULTS: The scales for PCC and SDM were weakly associated (Pearson correlation: 0.25). Physicians varied more on SDM than on PCC. The intracluster correlation of the PCC and SDM scales were, respectively, 0.34 and 0.19. However, hypotheses regarding associations with patient characteristics were not confirmed. Neither PCC nor SDM scores were related to patient gender, education, age, functional health status or existence of chronic conditions. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that PCC and SDM can be differentiated and comprise approaches to communication between clinicians and patients which may be more clearly distinguished by further focused research and training developments

A Comparison of Components of Written Expression Abilities in Learning Disabled and Non-Learning Disabled Students at Three Grade Levels

Although written language plays a critical role in academic success, little empirical evidence exists on the normal development of processes involved in producing written products. Even less is known about the writing performance of LD children. This study empirically compared the written products of LD and normal students at three grade levels on The Test of Written Language. Results showed that LD subjects scored significantly lower than normal subjects on most written expression abilities, especially in the mechanical tasks of spelling, punctuation, and word usage.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Australia\u27s health 2000 : the seventh biennial report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Australia\u27s Health 2000 is the seventh biennial health report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. It is the nation\u27s authoritative source of information on patterns of health and illness, determinants of health, the supply and use of health services, and health services costs and performance.This 2000 edition serves as a summary of Australia\u27s health record at the end of the twentieth century. In addition, a special chapter is presented on changes in Australia\u27s disease profile over the last 100 years.Australia\u27s Health 2000 is an essential reference and information source for all Australians with an interest in health

Discussing Uncertainty and Risk in Primary Care: Recommendations of a Multi-Disciplinary Panel Regarding Communication Around Prostate Cancer Screening

BACKGROUND: Shared decision making improves value-concordant decision-making around prostate cancer screening (PrCS). Yet, PrCS discussions remain complex, challenging and often emotional for physicians and average-risk men. OBJECTIVE: In July 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a multidisciplinary expert panel to identify priorities for funding agencies and development groups to promote evidence-based, value-concordant decisions between men at average risk for prostate cancer and their physicians. DESIGN: Two-day multidisciplinary expert panel in Atlanta, Georgia, with structured discussions and formal consensus processes. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen panelists represented diverse specialties (primary care, medical oncology, urology), disciplines (sociology, communication, medical education, clinical epidemiology) and market sectors (patient advocacy groups, Federal funding agencies, guideline-development organizations). MAIN MEASURES: Panelists used guiding interactional and evaluation models to identify and rate strategies that might improve PrCS discussions and decisions for physicians, patients and health systems/society. Efficacy was defined as the likelihood of each strategy to impact outcomes. Effort was defined as the relative amount of effort to develop, implement and sustain the strategy. Each strategy was rated (1–7 scale; 7 = maximum) using group process software (ThinkTank(TM)). For each group, intervention strategies were grouped as financial/regulatory, educational, communication or attitudinal levers. For each strategy, barriers were identified. KEY RESULTS: Highly ranked strategies to improve value-concordant shared decision-making (SDM) included: changing outpatient clinic visit reimbursement to reward SDM; development of evidence-based, technology-assisted, point-of-service tools for physicians and patients; reframing confusing prostate cancer screening messages; providing pre-visit decision support interventions; utilizing electronic health records to promote benchmarking/best practices; providing additional training for physicians around value-concordant decision-making; and using re-accreditation to promote training. CONCLUSIONS: Conference outcomes present an expert consensus of strategies likely to improve value-concordant prostate cancer screening decisions. In addition, the methodology used to obtain agreement provides a model of successful collaboration around this and future controversial cancer screening issues, which may be of interest to funding agencies, educators and policy makers. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2419-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Australia\u27s health 2002 : the eighth biennial report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Australia\u27s Health 2002 is the eighth biennial health report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. It is the nation\u27s authoritative source of information on patterns of health and illness, determinants of health, the supply and use of health services, and health service costs and performance. Australia\u27s Health 2002 is an essential reference and information resource for all Australians with an interest in health

Disclosure and rationality: Comparative risk information and decision-making about prevention

With the growing focus on prevention in medicine, studies of how to describe risk have become increasing important. Recently, some researchers have argued against giving patients "comparative risk information," such as data about whether their baseline risk of developing a particular disease is above or below average. The concern is that giving patients this information will interfere with their consideration of more relevant data, such as the specific chance of getting the disease (the "personal risk"), the risk reduction the treatment provides, and any possible side effects. I explore this view and the theories of rationality that ground it, and I argue instead that comparative risk information can play a positive role in decision-making. The criticism of disclosing this sort of information to patients, I conclude, rests on a mistakenly narrow account of the goals of prevention and the nature of rational choice in medicine