N-loop running should be combined with N-loop matching

We investigate the high-scale behaviour of Higgs sectors beyond the Standard Model, pointing out that the proper matching of the quartic couplings before applying the renormalisation group equations (RGEs) is of crucial importance for reliable predictions at larger energy scales. In particular, the common practice of leading-order parameters in the RGE evolution is insufficient to make precise statements on a given model's UV behaviour, typically resulting in uncertainties of many orders of magnitude. We argue that, before applying N-loop RGEs, a matching should even be performed at N-loop order in contrast to common lore. We show both analytical and numerical results where the impact is sizeable for three minimal extensions of the Standard Model: a singlet extension, a second Higgs doublet and finally vector-like quarks. We highlight that the known two-loop RGEs tend to moderate the running of their one-loop counterparts, typically delaying the appearance of Landau poles. For the addition of vector-like quarks we show that the complete two-loop matching and RGE evolution hints at a stabilisation of the electroweak vacuum at high energies, in contrast to results in the literature.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures; v2: title changed, accepted for publication in PR

Carbonaceous aerosols in Norwegian urban areas

Little is known regarding levels and source strength of carbonaceous aerosols in Scandinavia. In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble organic carbon (WINSOC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are reported for a curbside site, an urban background site, and a suburban site in Norway in order to investigate their spatial and seasonal variations. Aerosol filter samples were collected using tandem filter sampling to correct for the positive sampling artefact introduced by volatile and semivolatile OC. Analyses were performed using the thermal optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., which corrects for charring during analysis. Finally, we estimated the relative contribution of OC from wood burning based on the samples content of levoglucosan. <br><br> Levels of EC varied by more than one order of magnitude between sites, likely due to the higher impact of vehicular traffic at the curbside and the urban background sites. In winter, the level of particulate organic carbon (OC<sub><i>p</i></sub>) at the suburban site was equal to (for PM<sub>10</sub>) or even higher (for PM<sub>2.5</sub>) than the levels observed at the curbside and the urban background sites. This finding was attributed to the impact of residential wood burning at the suburban site in winter, which was confirmed by a high mean concentration of levoglucosan (407 ng m<sup>−3</sup>). This finding indicates that exposure to primary combustion derived OC<sub><i>p</i></sub> could be equally high in residential areas as in a city center. It is demonstrated that OC<sub><i>p</i></sub> from wood burning (OC<sub>wood</sub>) accounted for almost all OC<sub><i>p</i></sub> at the suburban site in winter, allowing a new estimate of the ratio TC<sub><i>p</i></sub>/levoglucosan for both PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Particulate carbonaceous material (PCM=Organic matter+Elemental matter) accounted for 46–83% of PM<sub>10</sub> at the sites studied, thus being the major fraction

Strategies to De-Risk Faults in the Subsurface for CO2 Storage: A Case Study from Smeaheia

Developing an accurate understanding of fault growth can aid risk management of sites for CO2 storage purposes. Areas of fault interaction lead to differences in the stress field, resulting in an increased strain, which is often accommodated by a high intensity of deformation bands and/or fracturing alter the permeability of the faults. Hence, detecting areas of interaction of pre-existing structures may indicate locations of high risk in terms of the fault’s hydraulic properties. The Vette Fault Zone (VFZ), bounding the Alpha prospect within the potential CO2 Smeaheia storage site developed from a minimum of seven fault segments. Using data from the adjacent Tusse Fault Zone (TFZ), we can identify potential areas of high-risk, where fluids may have the ability to flow across or along the VFZ. The TFZ and VFZ have a high seal potential through gouge and smear mechanisms. Instead of any membrane breaching, areas of high risk have been identified at locations of relict fault-fault intersections where the initial displacement and area of overlap is high, and corresponds with the spill point of Troll East. Using the same assumptions for the VFZ, we can observe one potential high-risk zone, which occurs within the area of potential CO2 accumulation

Context and consequences of liquor sachets use among young people in Malawi

This article presents a relatively new phenomenon regarding alcohol related problems in Malawi; the context and consequences of the consumption of liquor sachets among young people. The results presented are part of a larger study looking at the prevalence and social norms related to alcohol use, as well as people’s opinions on policies and interventions related to alcohol in Malawi. The results presented here are from a qualitative component in three Malawian communities. The results imply that the introduction of sachets has contributed to an increase in alcohol consumption among young people. Major issues of concern are issues of age limits, packaging and alcohol content, as well as lack of empirical evidence on which to base policies and interventions. Finally, there is a need to mobilize positive adult role models for young people with regards to alcohol.Key words: Liquor sachets, Malawi, youth, alcohol consequences, qualitative stud

How Fault Interpretation Method May Influence the Assessment of a Fault-bound CO2 Storage Site

Interpretation of faults in the subsurface hinges on utilising an optimum picking strategy, i.e. the seismic line spacing. Differences in line spacing lead to significant changes in subsequent fault analyses such as fault growth, fault seal and fault stability, all of which are crucial when analysing a fault-bound CO2 storage site. With the ever-advancing technologies, machine learning techniques, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN), used for fault extraction are becoming increasingly common, however their limitations and corresponding uncertainty is still largely unknown. We show how fault extraction using DNN compares with faults that have been picked manually, and with different line spacing. Uncertainty related to both manual and automated fault extraction methods are heavily reliant on seismic quality. As such, faults that are well-imaged show a closer similarity to those that have been manually picked. Conversely, DNN picking of poorly imaged faults creates a fault surface that is more irregular and with a lower predicted stability than the smoother and simpler fault model created by manual picking. We conclude that fault picking by DNN without in-depth expertise works for well-imaged faults; poorly imaged faults require additional considerations and quality control for both manually and DNN picked faults

Stability and Representation Dependence of the Quantum Skyrmion

A constructive realization of Skyrme's conjecture that an effective pion mass ``may arise as a self consistent quantal effect'' based on an ab initio quantum treatment of the Skyrme model is presented. In this quantum mechanical Skyrme model the spectrum of states with $I=J$, which appears in the collective quantization, terminates without any infinite tower of unphysical states. The termination point depends on the model parameters and the dimension of the SU(2) representation. Representations, in which the nucleon and $\Delta_{33}$ resonance are the only stable states, exist. The model is developed for both irreducible and reducible representations of general dimension. States with spin larger than 1/2 are shown to be deformed. The representation dependence of the baryon observables is illustrated numerically.Comment: 19 pages, Late

Antigen-Presenting Activity of Non-Langerhans Epidermal Cells in Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72263/1/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02914.x.pd

Withdrawn, strong, kind, but de-gendered: Non-disabled South Africans’ stereotypes concerning persons with physical disabilities

The present paper examines stereotyping in relation to physical disability and gender in the South Africa. Cross-sectional data for the present study were gathered using free response items in a large survey (n = 1990) examining the attitudes of people without disability towards different facetsof sexuality and disability. The most prominent stereotypes found in thepresent study were those which characterised PWPD as withdrawn and shy, SuperCrips, or happy, funny, and kind. The findings in the present papersuggest that stereotypes of PWPD are not overwhelmingly de-sexualising, but are undifferentiated by gender