Un Urbanisme orienté vers le rail illustré par le projet Bahn.Ville

Au sein de la thématique des interactions entre urbanisme et transport nous présentons ici à quelques éclairages donnés par le projet franco-allemand Bahn.Ville " Urbanisme orienté vers le rail et intermodalité dans les régions urbaines allemandes et françaises " réalisé dans le cadre de la coopération bilatérale DEUFRAKO

: Final report

63 p.Interest in cities is growing again in Europe. Theories of "growth poles" forgotten since the 1960s re-emerge, although in different form, without the idea of building new cities in the desert. Metropolitanisation, although sometimes difficult to grasp empirically, is recognized as a post-fordist phenomena, with a gain of the importance of large cities, linked to the increasing need for size-based agglomeration effect in the global, networked knowledge economy. And European policy makers are once again discussing the need of and the form for new urban policies at European (as witnessed by the above quote), but also at national scale. From the outset, this project has had two, complementary, but not always easily reconcilable orientations: provide a broad overview of the current and future issues relevant to urban development in all of Europe, advance scientifically beyond the established and well-known data and analyses, provide innovative research. As this report was elaborated in parallel to the new State of European Cities report to be published by DG Regio, we also aimed at complementarity with that report, not wanting to repeat the same analyses based on the same data. In this project, we, therefore, worked in three parallel strands. First, all teams went through the current literature to extract the knowledge about trends, perspectives and, most importantly, driving forces for urban development in their thematic fields. Second, each of the teams focused on one or two innovative empirical research questions, generally tapping new data sources. Finally, our scenario team has taken the work of the other teams, and substantially augmented it through additional literature review, aiming at covering an even larger horizon and to provide a complete knowledge base on urban development, necessary for integrated prospective thinking. On this basis the scenarios were developed. The structure of the report reflects these three strands, adding a fourth, new strand, which consists in an assessment of the current national policy visions on urban issues across Europe. Details of all the literature reviews and analyses are presented in the scientific report

: Final report

63 p.Interest in cities is growing again in Europe. Theories of "growth poles" forgotten since the 1960s re-emerge, although in different form, without the idea of building new cities in the desert. Metropolitanisation, although sometimes difficult to grasp empirically, is recognized as a post-fordist phenomena, with a gain of the importance of large cities, linked to the increasing need for size-based agglomeration effect in the global, networked knowledge economy. And European policy makers are once again discussing the need of and the form for new urban policies at European (as witnessed by the above quote), but also at national scale. From the outset, this project has had two, complementary, but not always easily reconcilable orientations: provide a broad overview of the current and future issues relevant to urban development in all of Europe, advance scientifically beyond the established and well-known data and analyses, provide innovative research. As this report was elaborated in parallel to the new State of European Cities report to be published by DG Regio, we also aimed at complementarity with that report, not wanting to repeat the same analyses based on the same data. In this project, we, therefore, worked in three parallel strands. First, all teams went through the current literature to extract the knowledge about trends, perspectives and, most importantly, driving forces for urban development in their thematic fields. Second, each of the teams focused on one or two innovative empirical research questions, generally tapping new data sources. Finally, our scenario team has taken the work of the other teams, and substantially augmented it through additional literature review, aiming at covering an even larger horizon and to provide a complete knowledge base on urban development, necessary for integrated prospective thinking. On this basis the scenarios were developed. The structure of the report reflects these three strands, adding a fourth, new strand, which consists in an assessment of the current national policy visions on urban issues across Europe. Details of all the literature reviews and analyses are presented in the scientific report

Concevoir la ville à partir des gares, Rapport final du Projet Bahn.Ville 2 sur un urbanisme orienté vers le rail

Expérimenter de nouvelles façons de faire de l'aménagement et du développement urbain autour des gares ? C'est l'objectif du projet franco-allemand Bahn.Ville 2, recherche-action qui vise à promouvoir « un urbanisme orienté vers le rail ». Valoriser les investissements faits sur les lignes ferroviaires régionales périurbaines par des mesures d'accompagnement dans le domaine de l'urbanisme, optimiser les conditions d'accessibilité aux gares de ces lignes, améliorer la qualité du service rendu aux usagers dans les lieux d'échanges autour de ces gare telles sont les ambitions de ce projet réalisé sur la période 2007-2009. Il s'agit de tester les conditions de la mise en œuvre d'un urbanisme orienté vers le rail

Grandes Vitesses, Métropolisation et Organisation des territoires : L'apport de l'intermodalité aéro-ferroviaire à grande vitesse au rayonnement métropolitain

The measurement of the contribution of air-high speed rail intermodality in the metropolitan influence is in the centre/middle of the problems on the networks-territories relations. In the context of the construction of metropolitan cooperations spaces based on cities-networks and polycentric organization, is not the reasoning modified around/towards the inscription of metropolitan space as a whole in the centre/middle of a system of integrated transport?The general hypothesis joins/ falls under in the following aphorism, high speeds create the metropolis but also metropolitan spaces. The thesis introduces the idea to account for the opening, a multi-scales and multimodal reasoning is necessary to question the system of high speed integrated transport and to insert an intermodal logic. The air- high speed rail intermodality analysed with a range of configurations through the mobilization of indicators of time accessibility shows a diffusion of the possibilities of metropolitan (space) opening. It proposes a new representation of the links between high speed and territories calling into question the measurements of influence cities based on the possession of an airport infrastructure and the potential of cities exchanges from this only infrastructure.La mesure de l'apport de l'intermodalité aéro-ferroviaire à grande vitesse au rayonnement métropolitain est au cœur de la problématique sur les relations entre les réseaux et les territoires. Dans le contexte de la construction des espaces de coopérations métropolitaines basées sur des réseaux de villes et une organisation polycentrique, le raisonnement n'est-il pas modifié vers l'inscription de l'espace métropolitain dans sa globalité au cœur d'un système de transport intégré ? L'hypothèse générale s'inscrit dans l'aphorisme suivante les grandes vitesses créent la métropole mais également les espaces métropolitains. La thèse introduit l'idée que pour rendre compte de l'ouverture des espaces métropolitains, un raisonnement multi-échelles et multimodal est nécessaire pour interroger le système de transport intégré des grandes vitesses et insérer une logique intermodale. L'intermodalité aéro-ferroviaire à grande vitesse analysée dans une gamme de configurations à travers la mobilisation d'indicateurs d'accessibilité horaire montre une diffusion des possibilités d'ouverture métropolitaine. Elle propose une nouvelle représentation des liens entre grandes vitesses et territoires remettant en cause les mesures du rayonnement des villes basé sur la possession d'une infrastructure aéroportuaire et le potentiel d'échanges des villes à partir de cette seule infrastructure

Contactability measures for assessing urban competitiveness

Transport, being an indispensable support for economic and social interaction, has a major role to play in the structuring of urban regions all over Europe. Accessibility is one of the basic factors of competitiveness, but also of access to services, while at the same time it is one of the major sources of pollution and of energy consumption. Accessibility is one of the major factors of city development. Accessibility constitutes a necessary condition for the economic and spatial development, and accessibility is one of the key sectors where public action plays a major role in infrastructure as well as in service provision in interaction with the transport operators. Developing tools that are able to assess the quality of the accessibility is then a major stake for decision help dedicated to urban stakeholders. In addition accessibility represents a necessary condition for the development of exchanges between cities and between cities and their hinterlands. Measuring accessibility constitutes a step in the study and the identification the potential for development of cities; it also allows for identifying those links that already permit the development of cooperation between cities and those links that lack the minimum service provision to support polycentric development. The analysis of transport services across Europe will give much importance to the air mode as the privileged long distance mean to link cities. If we consider that the intensity of the links decreases with distance, we observe that proximity OD pairs are of major importance to city development, and to polycentric organisation. On these shorter distance high-speed rail, and to a lesser extent conventional rail, can play a prominent role

Contactability measures for assessing urban competitiveness

Transport, being an indispensable support for economic and social interaction, has a major role to play in the structuring of urban regions all over Europe. Accessibility is one of the basic factors of competitiveness, but also of access to services, while at the same time it is one of the major sources of pollution and of energy consumption. Accessibility is one of the major factors of city development. Accessibility constitutes a necessary condition for the economic and spatial development, and accessibility is one of the key sectors where public action plays a major role in infrastructure as well as in service provision in interaction with the transport operators. Developing tools that are able to assess the quality of the accessibility is then a major stake for decision help dedicated to urban stakeholders. In addition accessibility represents a necessary condition for the development of exchanges between cities and between cities and their hinterlands. Measuring accessibility constitutes a step in the study and the identification the potential for development of cities; it also allows for identifying those links that already permit the development of cooperation between cities and those links that lack the minimum service provision to support polycentric development. The analysis of transport services across Europe will give much importance to the air mode as the privileged long distance mean to link cities. If we consider that the intensity of the links decreases with distance, we observe that proximity OD pairs are of major importance to city development, and to polycentric organisation. On these shorter distance high-speed rail, and to a lesser extent conventional rail, can play a prominent role

Strategic Research Agenda for Urban Mobility

EURFORUM's Strategic Research Agenda addresses research issues in the particular field of urban transport considering all transport modes and focusing on intermodality for both passenger and freight transport. Technology-oriented as well as policy-oriented research is considered. The focus is directed on urban issues, including the transport between an agglomeration and its surroundings. EURFORUM's SRA relies on the conviction that holistic and interdisciplinary research is the most adequate approach to solve the problems identified in the area of urban transport. Additionally, special attention is paid to urban mobility changes in newly associated States (EU-12). The overall objectives of EURFORUM are to better structure and to better coordinate European research on urban mobility for passengers and goods, by involving all relevant urban mobility stakeholders in the discussion

: Final report

63 p.Interest in cities is growing again in Europe. Theories of "growth poles" forgotten since the 1960s re-emerge, although in different form, without the idea of building new cities in the desert. Metropolitanisation, although sometimes difficult to grasp empirically, is recognized as a post-fordist phenomena, with a gain of the importance of large cities, linked to the increasing need for size-based agglomeration effect in the global, networked knowledge economy. And European policy makers are once again discussing the need of and the form for new urban policies at European (as witnessed by the above quote), but also at national scale. From the outset, this project has had two, complementary, but not always easily reconcilable orientations: provide a broad overview of the current and future issues relevant to urban development in all of Europe, advance scientifically beyond the established and well-known data and analyses, provide innovative research. As this report was elaborated in parallel to the new State of European Cities report to be published by DG Regio, we also aimed at complementarity with that report, not wanting to repeat the same analyses based on the same data. In this project, we, therefore, worked in three parallel strands. First, all teams went through the current literature to extract the knowledge about trends, perspectives and, most importantly, driving forces for urban development in their thematic fields. Second, each of the teams focused on one or two innovative empirical research questions, generally tapping new data sources. Finally, our scenario team has taken the work of the other teams, and substantially augmented it through additional literature review, aiming at covering an even larger horizon and to provide a complete knowledge base on urban development, necessary for integrated prospective thinking. On this basis the scenarios were developed. The structure of the report reflects these three strands, adding a fourth, new strand, which consists in an assessment of the current national policy visions on urban issues across Europe. Details of all the literature reviews and analyses are presented in the scientific report

: Final report

63 p.Interest in cities is growing again in Europe. Theories of "growth poles" forgotten since the 1960s re-emerge, although in different form, without the idea of building new cities in the desert. Metropolitanisation, although sometimes difficult to grasp empirically, is recognized as a post-fordist phenomena, with a gain of the importance of large cities, linked to the increasing need for size-based agglomeration effect in the global, networked knowledge economy. And European policy makers are once again discussing the need of and the form for new urban policies at European (as witnessed by the above quote), but also at national scale. From the outset, this project has had two, complementary, but not always easily reconcilable orientations: provide a broad overview of the current and future issues relevant to urban development in all of Europe, advance scientifically beyond the established and well-known data and analyses, provide innovative research. As this report was elaborated in parallel to the new State of European Cities report to be published by DG Regio, we also aimed at complementarity with that report, not wanting to repeat the same analyses based on the same data. In this project, we, therefore, worked in three parallel strands. First, all teams went through the current literature to extract the knowledge about trends, perspectives and, most importantly, driving forces for urban development in their thematic fields. Second, each of the teams focused on one or two innovative empirical research questions, generally tapping new data sources. Finally, our scenario team has taken the work of the other teams, and substantially augmented it through additional literature review, aiming at covering an even larger horizon and to provide a complete knowledge base on urban development, necessary for integrated prospective thinking. On this basis the scenarios were developed. The structure of the report reflects these three strands, adding a fourth, new strand, which consists in an assessment of the current national policy visions on urban issues across Europe. Details of all the literature reviews and analyses are presented in the scientific report