A Positive Response to Growth Control Plans: The Orange County Inclusionary Housing Program

Affordable housing programs have been enacted throughout the state in response to the current critical housing shortage. They serve an essential function as an element of community growth control plans. This article focuses on the success of the Orange County affordable housing program. By utilizing a variety of means, such as density bonus plans, flexible regulations, and deed restrictions, the County has developed a plan which is not only successful but may also serve as a model for other local governments

Could Motivational Interviewing Unlock the Potential of Cellular Texting? An Evidence Review of Text Messages Influencing Behavior Change

Cellular text messaging is an emerging technology that influences patients’ decisions on health behaviors. It offers a cost-effective method to reduce healthcare costs by improving management for diseases or conditions associated with high morbidity/mortality. The objectives for this review are: 1) review current evidence on using text messages to influence patients’ health behaviors; 2) evaluate which conditions or diseases are most influenced by text messaging; 3) determine if basing the text messaging in a theoretical framework improves outcomes. Common literature databases were searched for any published review articles since 2005 on this subject. Thirty-six reviews met inclusion criteria. Overall, there is high quality evidence of improvement in tobacco cessation rates with text message interventions with low quality evidence of positive results with text messaging improving weight loss, diabetic self-control, and asthma control. The heterogeneity of studies (small sample size, mixed media interventions combined with texting, varying frequency of intervention and study length) creates difficulty in interpreting overall effectiveness of text messaging. There was also a lack of evidence to support using a behavior change theory to frame the interventions. However, motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to motivate patients in changing health-related behaviors, but has not been explored within text messaging trials. MI could offer a new technique to improve the effectiveness of text messaging interventions. High-quality research should continue to examine the use of text messaging with MI messaging

Beyond the Surface: A Systematic Review of Perforating and Penetrating Globe Injuries From Blepharoplasty

This study aims to address the infrequent but serious complication of globe injuries in blepharoplasty. A case series of 3 patients with globe injuries postblepharoplasty is presented, along with a systematic literature review that revealed 13 previously reported cases. Quantitative and comparative analysis is described. Injuries ranged from deep thermal burns to full-thickness corneal or scleral lacerations, with one instance of traumatic cataract. The median time from surgery to symptom onset was 1 day, with a concerning median delay of 7 days to presentation to an ophthalmologist. Visual outcomes were generally poor, with nearly all patients experiencing permanent visual morbidity. The systematic review revealed 3 cases of endophthalmitis following perforating scleral injuries. Comparative analysis showed no significant differences in visual outcomes between penetrating and perforating injuries. The findings of this study emphasize the need for increased vigilance for globe injuries that require prompt ophthalmological evaluation following blepharoplasty, especially considering the observed delay in presentation and the extent of visual morbidity. The study advocates for improved practitioner training in recognizing and managing these complications and underscores the importance of patient education regarding the potential risks and the necessity of timely postoperative care

Descemet Membrane Thickening as a Sign for the Diagnosis of Corneal Graft Rejection: An Ex Vivo Study

To disclose, using an ex vivo study, the histopathological mechanism behind in vivo thickening of the endothelium/Descemet membrane complex (En/DM) observed in rejected corneal grafts (RCGs). Descemet membrane (DM), endothelium, and retrocorneal membranes make up the total En/DM thickness. These layers are not differentiable by high-definition optical coherence tomography; therefore, the source of thickening is unclear from an in vivo perspective. A retrospective ex vivo study (from September 2015 to December 2015) was conducted to measure the thicknesses of DM, endothelium, and retrocorneal membrane in 54 corneal specimens (31 RCGs and 23 controls) using light microscopy. Controls were globes with posterior melanoma without corneal involvement. There were 54 corneas examined ex vivo with mean age 58.1 ± 12.2 in controls and 51.7 ± 27.9 years in RCGs. The ex vivo study uncovered the histopathological mechanism of En/DM thickening to be secondary to significant thickening (P < 0.001) of DM (6.5 ± 2.4 μm) in RCGs compared with controls (3.9 ± 1.5 μm). Our ex vivo study shows that DM is responsible for thickening of the En/DM in RCGs observed in vivo by high-definition optical coherence tomography and not the endothelium or retrocorneal membrane