Significance of ki-67, Bcl-2 and C-erbB2 markers in benign, premalign and malign prostatic lesions

Amaç: Bu çalışmada benign, premalign ve malign prostat lezyonlarında Ki-67, bcl-2 ve c-erbB2 belirteçlerinin önemi ve karsinomun histolojik derecelendirmesinde belirteçlerin yararlılığı incelendi.Hastalar ve Yöntem: 1998-2008 yılları arasında 38 benign prostat hiperplazisi (BPH), 35 adenokarsinom (PCA) ve 16 prostatik intraepitelyal neoplazi (PİN) tanısı almış 89 olguya ait örneklere immünohistokimyasal olarak Ki-67, bcl-2 ve cerb-B2 uygulandı ve pozitif hücrelerin yüzdesine göre immünboyanmalar skorlandı.Bulgular: Ki-67 ile benign lezyonlarda düşük oranda boyanma oranı, karsinomlarda daha yüksek oranda boyanma oranı bulundu. Karsinomlarda Gleason derecesi yüksek olan olguların Ki-67 boyanma oranı, derecesi düşük olanlara göre yüksek bulunarak, Ki-67 immünboyanmasının Gleason skoruyla ilişkili olduğu gösterildi. Bcl-2 ile benign ve premalign lezyonlarda bazal tabakada yüksek oranda boyanma gözlenirken, malign lezyonlarda hiç boyanma saptanmadı. C-erbB2 ile ilginç olarak olguların hiçbirinde boyanma görülmedi.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Ki-67nin malign lezyonlarda artan histolojik grade ile ilişkili olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca Ki-67nin benign ve premalign lezyonların ayırıcı tanısında yararlı olabileceği kanısına varıldı. Bcl-2nin bazal tabaka belirteci olarak klasik belirteçlere ek olarak yararlı olabileceği düşünüldü.Background: In this study, we studied the importance of Ki-67, bcl-2 and c-erbB2 markers in benign, premalign and malign prostate lesions, and the usefulness of these markers for histologic grading of carcinoma.Methods: We applied Ki-67, bcl-2 and c-erbB2 as immunohistochemical markers to the samples from a total of 89 cases including 38 diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 35 adenocarcinoma (PCA), 16 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the years between 1998 and 2008, and we scored immunostains according to the percentage of positive cells.Results: Lower staining proportion was found for Ki-67 in benign lesions, with higher staining proportion in carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that Ki-67 immunostains are related to Gleason score. Among cases in which there is a high Gleason score, stain proportion was found to be much higher than with low Gleason score. However, bcl-2 immunstains indicated considerable stain at the basal layer, with benign and premalign lesions, but there was no sign of staining in malign lesions at all. Interestingly there was no staining of any cases for c-erbB2.Conclusion: Consequently, it was observed that Ki-67 is related to increased histological grade in malign lesions. We concluded that Ki-67 is usefull in the differential diagnosis of benign and premalign lesions. Also bcl-2 is thought to be useful as basal layer marker in addition to classical markers

Pleomorphic Carcinoma of the Lung with High Serum Beta-human Chorionic Gonadotropin Level and Gynecomastia

Although gynecomastia is a well-defined paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the association with pleomorphic carcinoma has not been reported. A 50-yr-old man presented with bilateral gynecomastia and elevated serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) level. Chest tomography showed a mass in the right middle lobe. Right middle lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. βhCG levels decreased rapidly after surgery. Histological examination revealed pleomorphic carcinoma with positive immunostaining for βhCG. Serum βhCG levels began to increase gradually on postoperatively 4th month. Computed tomography detected recurrence and chemotherapy was started. After second cycle of chemotherapy, βhCG levels decreased dramatically again and tomography showed regression in mass. Patient died 6 months later due to brain metastasis. βhCG expression may be associated with aggressive clinical course and increased risk of recurrence, also βhCG levels may be used to evaluate therapy response in patients with pleomorphic carcinoma

An effector from the Huanglongbing-associated pathogen targets citrus proteases

The citrus industry is facing an unprecedented challenge from Huanglongbing (HLB). All cultivars can be affected by the HLB-associated bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) and there is no known resistance. Insight into HLB pathogenesis is urgently needed in order to develop effective management strategies. Here, we use Sec-delivered effector 1 (SDE1), which is conserved in all CLas isolates, as a molecular probe to understand CLas virulence. We show that SDE1 directly interacts with citrus papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) and inhibits protease activity. PLCPs are defense-inducible and exhibit increased protein accumulation in CLas-infected trees, suggesting a role in citrus defense responses. We analyzed PLCP activity in field samples, revealing specific members that increase in abundance but remain unchanged in activity during infection. SDE1-expressing transgenic citrus also exhibit reduced PLCP activity. These data demonstrate that SDE1 inhibits citrus PLCPs, which are immune-related proteases that enhance defense responses in plants

Petrol Tüketimindeki Dalgalanmalar Geçici mi Yoksa Kalıcı mı? BRICS-T Ülkeleri için Doğrusal ve Doğrusal Olmayan Birim Kök Testi Uygulamaları

Çalışma, BRICS-T ülkeleri için toplam petrol tüketiminin durağanlığını 1965-2014 yıllarını kapsayan dönem için doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan birim kök testleri kullanarak analiz etmektedir. Ampirik sonuçlar Hindistan, Güney Afrika, Rusya ve Türkiye'nin petrol tüketiminin doğrusal olmayan bir seyir izlediğini göstermektedir. Doğrusallık testi sonucuna göre uygulanan KSS (2003) ve iki kırılmalı LM birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre, Brezilya, Çin ve Türkiye'de toplam petrol tüketimi serileri durağandır. Bu sonuç, bu ülkelerde enerji talep yönetimi politikalarının uzun dönemde petrol tüketimi üzerinde etkili olmayacağını göstermiştir. Diğer bir yandan, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Rusya'da ise petrol tüketimi serilerinin durağan olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu ülkelerde, petrol tüketiminde meydana gelen herhangi bir şokun kalıcı etkiye sahip olacağı ve petrol tüketimiyle ilgili politikaların da kalıcı etkiler göstereceği söylenebilir

The effects of economic growth on environment for different income group countries

Bu çalışmada, farklı gelişmişlik düzeyindeki ülke grupları için 1980-2013 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde enerjitüketimi, kişi başı reel gayri safi yurt içi hâsıla (GSYH), kişi başı reel GSYH’nin karesi, kentleşme, ticariserbestleşme ve CO2 emisyonu ilişkisi analiz edilerek, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE) hipotezi bağlamında farklıgelişmişlik düzeyindeki ülke gruplarında ekonomik büyüme ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisinin incelenmesiamaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca 2005 yılında yürürlüğe giren Kyoto protokolünün CO2 emisyonu üzerindeki etkisininincelenmesi için, 2005 yılı için enerji tüketiminde kukla değişken kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yüksekorta gelirli ve düşük orta gelirli ülke gruplarında ÇKE hipotezi geçerliliği doğrulanırken, gelişmiş ve az gelişmişülke gruplarında ÇKE hipotezinin geçerliliği doğrulanamamıştır. Tüm ülke gruplarında enerji tüketimininkatsayısı pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Ticari serbestleşmedeki bir artış az gelişmiş ve düşük ortagelirli ülke gruplarında karbon dioksit emisyonunu artırırken, yüksek orta gelirli ülke grubunda karbon dioksitemisyonunu azaltmaktadır. Gelişmiş ve az gelişmiş ülke gruplarında kentleşmedeki bir artış CO2 emisyonunuazaltırken, yüksek orta gelir ve düşük orta gelir grubunda ise CO2 emisyonunu artırmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkegrubunda Kyoto kukla değişkeninin katsayısı negatif işaretli, düşük orta gelir ülke grubunda pozitif işaretli veistatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır.This study, which aims at investigating economic growth and environmental pollution nexus for groups of countries with different development levels in the context of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, is to analyze the relationship between energy consumption, real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the square of real GDP per capita, urbanization, trade liberalization and CO2 emissions for the period of 1980-2013 for groups of countries with different development levels. In addition, in order to examine the impact of the Kyoto Protocol which came into force in 2005 on carbon emissions, a dummy variable was used for energy consumption in 2005. According to the findings, the existence of EKC hypothesis is validated for lower middle income and upper middle income country groups, while the existence of the hypothesis is not validated for low income and high income country groups. In all country groups, the coefficient of energy consumption is positive and statistically significant. An increase in trade liberalization increases carbon dioxide emission levels in lower middle income and low income country groups, whereas an increase in trade liberalization in upper middle income country group reduces the emission level. An increase in urbanization in developed and underdeveloped countries reduces CO2 emissions while increasing CO2 emissions in the upper middle income and lower middle income groups. In the high income country group, the coefficient of the Kyoto dummy variable is negative and statistically significant; it has positive sign in lower middle income country group and statistically significant

Determination of nutritional value and methane production potential of styrax tree (Styrax officinalis L.) leaves

This study aimed to determine the effect of nutritional values of the “styrax tree” (Styrax officinalis L.) on in vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and metabolic energy (ME) content. In this study, styrax leaf samples were collected for analysis in three different periods: May, July and September. According to the analysis results, crude ash (CA), dry matter (DM), crude fat (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) values, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased in September compared to May and July. In September, compared to May, CA has increased by 23 %, DM by 64 %, CM by 30.5 %, ADF by 9.8 %, and NDF by 9.8 %. During the vegetation period, there was an increase in dry matter content in parallel with maturation. The dry matter content of Styrax tree leaves (STL) increased in May (30 %), July (40 %) and September (50 %). Crude protein amounts were found 19 % in May, 17 % in July, and 15 % in September. As the STL grows, decreases in CP, which plays a role in plant growth, and increases in the cell membrane were observed. The CF content in STL changed to 3.2 %, 4.4 %, and 4.3 % in May, July, and September, respectively, with the highest value determined in July and very close to the September value. CA content in styrax tree plants varied by 8.58 % in May, in July by 9.86 %, and in September by 10.56 %. As the amount of dry matter increased according to the periods, the amount of CA also increased. NDF and ADF levels increased in parallel with the vegetation period's development in STL. NDF was found to be 37.5 %, 39.0 %, and 41.5 % according to the periods. ADF amount was found 27 % in May, 28.5 % in July, and 30 % in September. Metabolic energy varied between 8.86 and 10.06 (MJ/kg KM) depending on the periods. When organic matter digestion levels were examined, it was seen that the highest OMD was in July with 58.71 %. Gas production was determined by incubations of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the maximum gas measurement value was in September, July, and May, respectively. As a result of the study, STL can be a good alternative feed source for ruminants when adequate amounts of high-quality feed materials cannot be provided

Measurement and Evaluation of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Camera Observation Rooms

13th International Conference Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design, MEMSTECH 2017 -- 20 April 2017 through 23 April 2017 -- -- 128152In this study, low frequency electromagnetic field measurements (EMF) were performed in camera observation rooms and work offices at Mus Alparslan University. The electromagnetic measurements of the emitted values were measured with WP400 probe using SMP2 measuring device. The results obtained from different measurement points are compared by graphs. © 2017 IEEE

Self-injury and suicide attempt in relation with trauma and dissociation among adolescents with dissociative and non-dissociative disorders

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of trauma and dissociation over self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and suicide attempts (SA) in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 207 adolescents participated in the study. After conducting diagnostic interview, participants were divided into five groups as subjects with dissociative disorders (DD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AD), and a control group (CG) without any psychiatric disorder. ADHD, MDD and AD groups were considered as non-dissociative disorders (non-DD group) in the present study. RESULTS: There is no significant difference between groups in terms of number and age of the subjects (p>0.05). Among all participants SIB was reported in 32.2% of females (n=37) and 25% of males (n=23) while SA was reported in 29.6% of females (n=34) and 4.4% of males (n=4). Adolescents with DD were found to experience higher rates of SIB and SA than the other groups. Dissociation was the most important variable contributing to SIB and female gender was the most efficient variable for SA. Total trauma scores were also found to be significantly higher in DD group followed by non-DD and CG respectively. CONCLUSION: SIB and SA are complex behavioral problems which may be associated with many psychiatric factors. However higher level dissociation seems as an important mediating factor, even regardless of psychiatric diagnosis, in the development of SIB and SA. More research is needed to further explore the factors effective over SIB and SA in adolescents

Daily living skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A comparative study from Turkey

Background: Better daily living skills (DLS) are associated with increased independence and positive functional outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)