Host-specific signatures of the cell wall changes induced by the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are an important group of plant parasitic nematodes that induce within host plant roots unique feeding site structures, termed giant cells, which supply nutrient flow to the nematode. A comparative in situ analysis of cell wall polysaccharides in the giant cells of three host species (Arabidopsis, maize and aduki bean) infected with Meloidogyne incognita has been carried out. Features common to giant cell walls of all three species include the presence of high-esterified pectic homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and pectic arabinan. The species-specific presence of xylan and mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) epitopes in giant cell walls of maize reflected that host’s taxonomic group. The LM5 galactan and LM21 mannan epitopes were not detected in the giant cell walls of aduki bean but were detected in Arabidopsis and maize giant cell walls. The LM2 arabinogalactan-protein epitope was notable for its apparent global variations in root cell walls as a response to infection across the three host species. Additionally, a set of Arabidopsis cell wall mutants were used to determine any impacts of altered cell wall structures on M. incognita infection. Disruption of the arabinogalactan-protein 8 gene had the greatest impact and resulted in an increased infection rate

Predicting the Potential Worldwide Distribution of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using Ecological Niche Modeling

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1653/024.095.0317.The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), ranks among the most important pests of various palm species. The pest originates from South and Southeast Asia, but has expanded its range dramatically since the 1980s. We used ecological niche modeling (ENM) approaches to explore its likely geographic potential. Two techniques, the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) and a maximum entropy approach (MaxEnt), were used. However, MaxEnt provided more significant results, with all 5 random replicate subsamples having P < 0.002 while GARP models failed to achieve statistical significance in 3 of 5 cases, in which predictions achieved probabilities of 0.07 < P < 0.10. The MaxEnt models predicted successfully the known distribution, including the single North American occurrence point of Laguna Beach, California, and various areas where the pest has been reported in North Africa, southern Europe, Middle East and South and Southeastern Asia. In addition, areas where the pest has not been yet reported were found to be suitable for invasion by RPW in sub-Saharan Africa, southern, central and northern America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Highly suitable areas in the United States of America were limited mostly to coastal California and southern Florida, while all Caribbean islands were found highly suitable for establishment and spread of the pest

Pathotype determination of the cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae (wollenweber, 1924) in the eastern mediterranean region in Turkey

Karlik (Adana-Saricam), Imece (Hatay-Kirikhan) and Besaslan (Hatay-Reyhanli) populations were used to determine the pathotype of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The pathotypes of H. avenae were investigated by using "The International Test Assortment of Cereal Cultivars". The test was conducted on twelve barley, six oat, six wheat and four control lines (milan, seri, silverstar and croc). Test materials were grouped by three the nematode populations' virulence on resistance (Rha"E", Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1) and nonresistance genes, varieties and lines. According to results, Rha1 and Rha3 genes gave a resistance response but Rha2 and Cre1 did not. As a result, all populations demonstrated similar reactions and the three nematode populations were consistent with reactions for the Ha21 pathotype of the Ha1 group. This result is the first report on determination of the H. avenae pathotype in Turkey

Distribution of Steinernematids and Heterorhabditids (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in the Southern Anatolia Region of Turkey

WOS: 000392892600015This study was conducted to isolate and identify entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species in different agricultural areas in the Southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Out of 193 soil samples, 20 (10.33%) turned out to be positive for the presence of EPNs, belonging to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Morphological and molecular (ITS-RDNA) characterizations were performed for the 20 EPN isolates. Six isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora, 2 as H indica and 6 as S. feltiae. Two isolates were undescribed Steinernemas pecies. H. indica was recorded for the first time in the southern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification of Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae species. Comparative analysis of the ITS sequences revealed interspecific polymorphism among the tested isolates. Additionally, intraspecific polymorphism was observed within S. feltiaeand H bacteriophorapopulations, but no intraspecific polymorphism was detected in the H indicapopulation.TUBITAK (Turkey Scientific and Technical Research Council) [111O786]This study was funded by TUBITAK (Turkey Scientific and Technical Research Council) Project No. 111O786

Determining the optimal Meloidogyne Incognita inoculum level, inoculation time, pathogencity and gall development on tomato roots for resistance experiments in breeding programs

Root knot nematodes (RKN) cause a significant damage to many cultivated crops and present study was conducted to determine the most appropriate inoculum levels of a ubiquitous RKN nematode in warm climate, Meloidogyne incognita, inoculation time and plant age for the screening of nematode resistance studies on plant breeding programs under controlled conditions. The inoculum level experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four M. incognita inoculum levels (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 juveniles/ 1000 gram soil mix) on three different age of susceptible tomato plants. Gall development was observed at 3 different ages of susceptible tomato plants with 7 different time points. The highest gall numbers were observed on nematode infected 3 day old plant roots and the least number of galls were detected on the roots of 5 day old plants. First galls were observed at 1 dpi and the highest gall number was observed on the 21st gall counting day on three day old tomato roots. Thus the inoculation of 2000- 2500 second stage juveniles /1000 gram soil mix to 3 days old tomato plants was the best to reach high gall numbers which are suitable for screening of nematode resistance studies on plant breeding programs. © 2015 Society for Plant Research. All rights reserved

Identification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes having resistance against root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause immense yield losses in crops throughout the world. Use of resistant germplasms of plants limits the root knot nematode damages. In this study, 87 common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) genotypes were screened against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita to determine the resistance response under growth chamber conditions in Turkey. P. vulgaris genotypes were evaluated based on resistance index (RI); root galling severity and nematode egg mass production on a 1-9 scale. The nematode negatively influenced the growth (fresh weight) of bean genotypes. At the completion of the study, 13 bean genotypes were found as immune (Sehirali), highly resistant (TR42164, Seleksiyon 5, Seker Fasulye, Fas-Agadir-Suk-1) and moderately resistant (Acik Badem, TR68587, TR43477, TR53827, TR28018, Gülnar-3, Siyah Fasulye, Kibris Amerikan) against M. incognita thus suggesting the use of such genotypes in breeding studies as a parental material to develop the root knot nematode resistant cultivars. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All Rights Reserved

Determination of resistance against to cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae (wollenweber, 1924) in some wheat germplasm [Bazi bugday genotiplerinin tahil kist nematodu heterodera avenae (wollenweber, 1924) karsi dayanikliliklarinin arastirilmasi]

The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae is one of the most important pests of wheat in many countries in the world with different climatic types. Heterodera. avenae is commonly distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and all populations investigated belong to the Ha1 group, Ha21 pathotype. This study was aimed to found resistance sources from the national wheat varieties, wheat wild genotypes and international wheat genotypes against H. avenae Karlik-Adana population (Ha21 pathotype). Results showed that four national wheat varieties, seventeen wheat wild genotypes and twenty three international wheat genotypes were found to be moderately resistant against to Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey H. avenae population. Among these genotypes, the national bread wheat variety, Adana 99 (PFAU/SERI82// BOG"S"), some wild genotypes and international genotypes can be used in national wheat breeding programmes. However, Cre1 was not showed completely resistant against H. avenae. Additionally resistance sources in of Turkish national wheat and wild genotypes needs to be determined

A case of McCune-Albright syndrome associated with Gs alpha mutation in the bone tissue

The syndrome of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is clasically defined as a triad presentation with the findings of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait spots, and sexual precocity. However, not all patients present with complete symptoms. A 52-year-old mail was diagnosed as having a variant of McCune-Albright syndrome with the following findings: polyostotic Fibrous dysplasia, acromegaly due to pituitary tumor and subclinical hyperthyroidism due to toxic multinodular goiter. Sexual precocity and cafe-au-lait spots were not noted. Acromegaly was confirmed by laboratory examination (IGF-1, glucose Suppression test and TRH stimulation test). Long acting somatostatin analogue was used as treatment. Although the pituitary tumor Could not be removed due to technical problems, mass lesions on the cranium were removed subtotally. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated that the lesion complied with fibrous dysplasia. Genomic DNAs were isolated from the craniofacial bones and peripheral leucocytes of the patient. After amplifying the related regions, Gs alpha (Gs alpha) gene was analysed by automatic DNA sequence analysis. Ail activating mutation of the Gs alpha gene (Arg 201 Cys) was found in the genomic DNA isolated from the bone tissue of the patient, but not in the genomic DNA isolated from the blood. We described a case of MAS associated with Gs alpha mutation in the bone tissue, presenting with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, subclinical hyperthyroidism and acromegaly