50 research outputs found
A qualitative study of child participation in decision-making: Exploring rights-based approaches in pediatric occupational therapy
Background: According to Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, therapists are duty-bound to include children in decisions that impact them. Although occupational therapists champion client-centred, collaborative practice, there remains a paucity of studies detailing childrenâs rights and experiences of decision-making in pediatric occupational therapy. Purpose: This qualitative study described the decision-making experiences of children, parents and therapists in occupational therapy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (six children, five parents and six occupational therapists), and data analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged: 1) Goal-setting experiences; 2) Adults: child-rights gatekeepers or defenders? and 3) Decision-making in context. Findings suggest that decision-making is mostly adult directed, and childrenâs voices are subsumed by adult-led services, priorities, and agendas. Implications: Childrenâs rights need to be embedded as an aspect of best practice in providing services that are child-centred in occupational therapy practices and education
Maine\u27s Recovery of Recreational Damages Due to Coastal Oil Spills
The report identifies 729 recreational sites across eleven coastal recreational resources or activities (herein noted as âcoastal resourcesâ) that have the potential to be directly impacted by a possible oil spill. Analyses include an evaluation of the availability of usage data and direct market values
Evidence for implementing tiered approaches in elementary schools in school-based occupational therapy: a scoping review
Importance: Internationally, it is suggested that school-based occupational therapy (SBOT) has an important role in supporting inclusion in educational settings. In SBOT, multitiered service delivery models are identified as a way forward to maximize school inclusion. Therefore, identifying evidence for the implementation of tiered interventions in SBOT is vital.
Objective: To identify and map evidence in the occupational therapy literature relating to SBOT interventions delivered in elementary schools for all children, for those at risk, and for those with identified diagnoses.
Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature published in 14 occupational therapy journals between 1990 and 2020, indexed in the EBSCOhost database.
Study Selection and Data Collection: Included studies were those within the scope of SBOT that reported on school occupations and focused on elementary schoolâage children (excluding kindergarteners or preschoolers).
Findings: Forty studies met the criteria. Individual-tier intervention studies (n = 22) primarily reported direct interventions with children at risk or with identified diagnoses (Tier 2 or Tier 3), focusing mostly on remedial approaches. None adopted a whole-school approach. Despite handwriting and self-regulation being dominant areas of concern, these studies were not explicitly related to inclusion outcomes. Evidence for implementing multitiered models primarily used indirect, collaborative consultation, embedded in the school context (n = 18). These studies identified positive school staff and child outcomes when collaboration was timely, consistent, and authentic.
Conclusions and Relevance: More rigorous individual-tier intervention studies are required to inform the design and implementation of multitiered interventions in SBOT and to support participation and inclusion in schools.
What This Article Adds: This scoping review provides evidence to support occupational therapistsâ professional reasoning in developing evidence-based, contextual, educationally relevant multitiered models of intervention in SBOT
The Samurai Project: verifying the consistency of black-hole-binary waveforms for gravitational-wave detection
We quantify the consistency of numerical-relativity black-hole-binary
waveforms for use in gravitational-wave (GW) searches with current and planned
ground-based detectors. We compare previously published results for the
mode of the gravitational waves from an equal-mass
nonspinning binary, calculated by five numerical codes. We focus on the 1000M
(about six orbits, or 12 GW cycles) before the peak of the GW amplitude and the
subsequent ringdown. We find that the phase and amplitude agree within each
code's uncertainty estimates. The mismatch between the modes
is better than for binary masses above with respect to
the Enhanced LIGO detector noise curve, and for masses above
with respect to Advanced LIGO, Virgo and Advanced Virgo. Between the waveforms
with the best agreement, the mismatch is below . We find that
the waveforms would be indistinguishable in all ground-based detectors (and for
the masses we consider) if detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of less than
, or less than in the best cases.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Version accepted by PR
Rebels without regret: Documentary artivism in the digital age
This article takes up the implications of the blurring of art and politics in two documentary contexts: Ai Weiweiâs art activism in China, as documented in Alison Klaymanâs award-winning film Never Sorry, and the Gezi protests in Turkey, documented and disseminated virally through the Internet. Drawing parallels between the self-proclaimed hooliganism of Ai Weiwei and the Turkish protesters, who co-opted the hooligan label that the government used to incriminate them and turned it into a tool for resistance, the article argues that hooliganism is just another incarnation of unruly documentary artivism, which has become prevalent in an era of digitally mediated, global social justice movements. As an interpretive framework for understanding how documentary hooliganism operates, the article proposes Tony D. Sampsonâs theory of virality and its application of Dawkinsâs neo-Darwinian memetic thought contagion model to the way ideas and political gestures spread in the twenty-first century. Hooliganism, like viruses or memetic thoughts, has a self-spreading tendency; its anarchic affect is contagious and creates volatile yet powerful social encounters. Therefore, the article claims that the foregrounding of hooliganism, which is itself a phenomenon that describes âaffective contagious encountersâ among anonymous crowds, in the artivist practices of Ai Weiwei and Turkish protesters point to
the potential of unruly forms of documentation to influence and inspire selforganized mobilization
Error-analysis and comparison to analytical models of numerical waveforms produced by the NRAR Collaboration
The Numerical-Relativity-Analytical-Relativity (NRAR) collaboration is a
joint effort between members of the numerical relativity, analytical relativity
and gravitational-wave data analysis communities. The goal of the NRAR
collaboration is to produce numerical-relativity simulations of compact
binaries and use them to develop accurate analytical templates for the
LIGO/Virgo Collaboration to use in detecting gravitational-wave signals and
extracting astrophysical information from them. We describe the results of the
first stage of the NRAR project, which focused on producing an initial set of
numerical waveforms from binary black holes with moderate mass ratios and
spins, as well as one non-spinning binary configuration which has a mass ratio
of 10. All of the numerical waveforms are analysed in a uniform and consistent
manner, with numerical errors evaluated using an analysis code created by
members of the NRAR collaboration. We compare previously-calibrated,
non-precessing analytical waveforms, notably the effective-one-body (EOB) and
phenomenological template families, to the newly-produced numerical waveforms.
We find that when the binary's total mass is ~100-200 solar masses, current EOB
and phenomenological models of spinning, non-precessing binary waveforms have
overlaps above 99% (for advanced LIGO) with all of the non-precessing-binary
numerical waveforms with mass ratios <= 4, when maximizing over binary
parameters. This implies that the loss of event rate due to modelling error is
below 3%. Moreover, the non-spinning EOB waveforms previously calibrated to
five non-spinning waveforms with mass ratio smaller than 6 have overlaps above
99.7% with the numerical waveform with a mass ratio of 10, without even
maximizing on the binary parameters.Comment: 51 pages, 10 figures; published versio