The main characteristics of the aquasoils of the Ussuri Bay of the Sea of Japan

The manuscript presents the main characteristics of aquasoils (granulometric composition, organic carbon, acid-base properties, total nitrogen) of the shelf zone of the Ussuri Bay of the Sea of Japan. A clear relationship between the content of organic carbon and fractions of granulometric composition in the studied samples was revealed. The excess of the maximum permissible concentrations values for lead was detected for only one point. The rest of the aquasoils are not contaminated with lead

The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%

Positive experience in the application of soil- and carbon-saving agricultural technologies with the introduction of biochar in the conditions of the Russian Far East

Based on the positive results of a long-term field experiment on the introduction of bio-coal for vegetable crops in the Primorsky Territory on soils of heavy chemical composition, its sequestration effect and positive effect on the water-physical properties of soils were proved. After the first year of application of biochar, a significant decrease in CO2 flux in the field without a drainage system was shown by 4.5% at a dose of 1 kg/m2 of biochar and by 36.6% at a dose of 3 kg/m2 of biochar compared with a site without biochar. The decrease in CO2 flux indicates the reclamation effect of biochar due to its high sorption properties affecting the sequestration capacity of the soil. After the second year of application of biochar, the greatest decrease in CO2 flux was observed when 1 kg/m2 was applied. The greatest difference between the values of the CO2 flux at the control site and the sites with the introduction of biochar was noted in September after the abnormal amount of precipitation recorded in August (521 mm). So, at the control site in September, the CO2 flux was 2,276 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 1 kg/m2 of biochar, the CO2 flux was 560 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 3 kg/m2 – 975 mg CO2 m-2 h-1

Effect of biochar on soil co2 fluxes from agricultural field experiments in russian far east

Agricultural soils are a major source of greenhouse gases. Biochar is a soil improver and, when applied to the soil, sequesters carbon. However, a different combination of soil and climatic conditions and biochar leads to different research results. In this research, the effects of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 biochar application to clay soils on the CO2 flow in field experiments along two cropping seasons in the Russian Far East were investigated. Data showed that biochar significantly reduces the cumulative flow of soil CO2, compared with untreated field plots. In 2018, the greatest reduction in soil CO2 emissions (28.2%) with 3 kg/m2 of biochar was obtained, while in 2019, the greatest decrease in the cumulative CO2 flow at the application dose of 1 kg/m2 (57.7%) was recorded. A correlation between a decrease in the value of the cumulative CO2 flux and an increase in the biomass grown in the studied areas of agricultural crops during the season of 2018 was found

Changes in the composition and properties of biochar after one-year application

The study examines the change in the properties of biochar obtained from Betula alba tree residues after its application in a field growing experiment for two growing periods in the areas with different water-air conditions (both with and without drainage). The results obtained after the first growing period showed a noticeable change in the indicators. The pH values in the biochar sample after the first growing period decreased sharply by 1.3 and 0.7 units in the areas with and without drainage, respectively, compared to the initial pH value of 8.09. After the second growing period, the change in pH value was not significant. The values of ash elements increased sharply, the content of volatile compounds decreased slightly. Water retention capacity improved. After the first growing period, water retention capacity almost doubled and it changed slightly in the sample with the biochar after its application in the second growing period

The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%

Genetic Risk: The New Frontier for the Duty to Warn

Mental health professionals usually think of the “duty to warn” in the context of mental illness. However, two state appellate courts have endorsed a duty to warn when children of a patient may be at risk genetically for acquiring the disease of their parents. In these cases, the courts held that a physician\u27s legal obligations extended beyond his or her patient to the patient\u27s children. This article discusses these cases, as well as issues regarding implementation of such a duty and the implications for the physician–patient relationship in a health care environment that will be dominated increasingly by genetics issues. The article concludes that it is premature to apply a duty to warn to the treatment of mental illness and to concerns regarding future criminal behavior