Effects of dietary aspirin supplementation on liver enzymes, immune response, cecum microflora and fatty acids profile in breast meat of broiler chickens

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary aspirin (A) on broilers. A completely randomized design using 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks Ross 308, three levels of aspirin (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was used in 4 replicates, each including 10 chicks, during 42 days. The effects of different levels of aspirin, added to a basal diet, on blood plasma parameters, liver enzymes, immune system, cecal microflora, and fatty acids profile of breast muscle of chicks were investigated. Data analysis was performed by SAS statistical software and the comparison of the means with Duncan's test. The results showed that the effects of aspirin on blood parameters, liver enzymes of broilers (except for alkaline phosphatase which significantly reduced), the humoral immune system in response to antigen injection as sheep red blood cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle and influenza virus were not significant (P≥0.05). The highest percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils was related to this treatment. Also, aspirin treatments increased numerically the levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. Moreover, aspirin led to a reduction in the population of Escherichia coli. So, based on the results of the present study, the use of 100 mg/kg aspirin in the diet of broilers is recommendable

Effects of combined use of thyme powder and aqueous extract on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood parameters, enzymes, immune system and jejunum morphology in broilers

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of Thyme Extract (TE) and Thyme Powder (TP) on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood parameters, enzymes, immune system, and intestinal morphology in broilers. The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replications and 10 Ross 308 male broilers in each replication for 42 days. Experimental treatments included aqueous extract of thyme (50 and 100 mg/kg feed) and thyme powder (150 and 250 mg/kg feed) which were used in combination with the basal diet (control). The effect of treatments was analyzed by SAS statistical software and the means were compared at 5% probability level with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that in the final period of the experiment, different levels of TE and TP had a significant effect on daily weight gain, feed intake and conversion ratio improvement (P<0.05) so that the highest mean was related to treatment TE (100) + TP (250). The effects of different levels of TE and TP were significantly different on European index, economic value and total weight of the period (P<0.05), meaning that the highest means were related to TE (100) + TP (250), and the lowest means were related to TE (0) and TP (0). Different levels of TE and TP had significant effects on the relative weight of thymus, live weight, wing weight, ventricular fat and pancreas (P<0.05). The effect of different levels of TE and TP on the immunity was significant throughout the period (P<0.05). The higher levels of TE and TP increased the villi length, villi width, crypt depth, layer thickness and the ratio of villi length to crypt depth to the control treatment. Based on the results of the present study, the use of TE (100 mg/kg) + TP (250 mg/kg) in the diet is recommended to supplement the diet of Ross 308 broilers

Effect of dietary simvastatin and L-carnitine supplementation on blood biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics and growth of broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin (SIM) and L-carnitine (LC) additives and their interactions, on productive performance and carcass quality of broilers. For this purpose, a feeding trial was conducted, under 3×3 factorial design, using SIM at 0, 1 or 2 g/kg level and LC at 0, 150 or 300 mg/kg level in a basal-diet and originating a total of nine treatments: T1 (control-diet, 0/0), T2 (0/150), T3 (0/300), T4 (1/0), T5(1/150), T6 (1/300), T7 (2/0), T8 (2/150), and T9 (2/300). Feed intake was higher in T2 (4716 g), T7 (4722 g) and T9 (4698 g) than in T1 (4545 g; P<0.05) considering the last growing phase (35-42 days) or whole 42-day production cycle. An improvement of feed efficiency was also observed in T8 (1.64) and T9 (1.67) when compared to T1 (1.77; P<0.05), and these were mainly due to SIM × LC interactions (P<0.05). The LC influenced positively (P<0.05) the weight of eviscerated carcass, breast, drumsticks and abdominal fat, as well as plasma triglycerides level. This findings suggests that the combination of SIM and LC additives have a positive influence on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens

The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Spermatogenesis and

Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) as two primary essential amino acids and precursors of carnitine biosynthesis are involved in most of economical traits function in domestic animals. We assessed the impact of dietary Lys and Met on the performance, lipid redistribution, intramuscular fat, carcass quality and especially phenotypic correlations among some studied parameters in broiler chickens. 300 day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided among 5 treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. There were 15 chicks in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Same basal diet was supplemented with 5 levels of synthetic Lys and Met in amount of 0, 10, 20, 30 or 40% higher than National Research Council (NRC), 1994 recommendation for starter and grower periods. The collected data were analyzed and determined the correlation coefficient by SAS software and Duncan&apos;s test was used to compare the means on a value of (P&lt;0.05). The results indicated that the two highest levels of Lys and Met treatments (30 and 40% more than NRC recommendation) led to significant increase in carcass efficiency, European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), blood albumin, breast muscle, heart, spleen, lymphocytes and liver weight (P&lt;0.05), whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR), crude fat contents of breast and thigh muscles and plasma triglyceride were the least in these two treatment groups (P&lt;0.05). Statistical analysis also showed many numbers of significant (at levels of P&lt;0.01 or P&lt;0.05) positive or negative correlations between the studied traits. For example highly positive correlations between carcass efficiency with heart, liver, spleen and breast weights and negative correlations with FCR, abdominal fat, plasma triglyceride, heterophyles breast and thigh fat was observed. As a conclusion of present study, dietary Lys and Met in higher levels of NRC recommendation could influence the parameters relate to performance, fat distribution, carcass quality and immune system in broilers

Comparison of the effects of intra-articular sole ropivacaine and combined ketorolac and ropivacaine for pain control after knee arthroscopy surgery

Introduction: Effective pain relief is important after arthroscopic knee surgery to permit initiation of daily activities of life. This study is performed in order to investigate the effect of multi-model therapy for pain control after surgery. This clinical, randomized and double-blind trial is conducted on patients who get knee arthroscopy surgery. Methods: Of these patients, 40 were divided into two groups by Block Randomization method: 1 � sole ropivacaine group (150 mg); 2 � combined ketorolac (30 mg); and ropivacain (150 mg) group. These drugs were injected intra-articularly at the end of knee arthroscopic surgery. The first consequence including measurement of pain severity after entrance to recovery room and 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after surgery were evaluated according to the visual analogue pain score. The second consequence, including nausea, vomiting and sedation, was assessed by expert nurses in the recovery room and surgery part according to nausea and vomiting scale and Ramsay sedation scale, respectively. Results: All groups had excellent analgesia at 0 and 4 hours, postoperatively. Group-combined ketorolac and ropivacaine had significantly lower visual analogue pain score as well as higher sedative scale at 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after surgery at rest and during movement compared with the other group (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no statistical difference between groups in regard of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Addition of ketolorac to ropivacaine intra-articularly in arthroscopic knee surgery enhances analgesic efficacy of local anaesthetics and cause more sedation after surgery. © The British Pain Society 2015

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Not AvailableThe effects of three climates (hot and dry, mild and humid and Alpine) and three flock densities (300 m2) on ostrich reproductive and productive traits were studied. Data were compared with the benchmark target sets by the World Ostrich Association (Ostrich benchmark Performance Targets. Version 2, May, 2008) for reproductive qualifications of ostrich. No significant difference was observed on egg production, weight, fertility, hatchability and day‐old chicks weight among the three climate conditions; however, the Alpine climate had a lower performance trend. Mild and humid climates had a significant effect of age at sexual maturity for both males and females as well as on the duration of egg production season. Stocking density did not show significant difference on egg production, hatchability, age of male and female at sexual maturity and on duration of egg production season, while an area >300 m2 showed a reduction in egg weight and day‐old chick weight. Further, an area <100 m2 led to a weaker ostrich fertility rate. Results showed that the ostrich would have a better performance under hot and dry and mild and humid climates as compared to Alpine climate with a stocking density of 100–300 m2 area per breeder bird. Thus, climatic intervention strategies at Alpine regions may be carried out for maintaining optimal reproductive qualification of ostrich so as to improve the productivity in this sector.Not Availabl

Effect of olive meal and supplemental enzymes on performance traits, blood biochemistry, humoral immunity response and caecal microbiota of broilers

This study investigated the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry, humoral immunity and caecal microbiota of broiler chicks fed 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% olive meal (OM) in diet. In addition, this study investigated the use of enzymatic feed supplements (β-glucanase, phytase and hemicellulase) to enhance digestibility of high fibre diets. At the end of the feeding period (42 days), there were no significant differences among dietary groups on broiler growth performance, including bodyweight (BW) and bodyweight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). The evaluated carcass traits and meat cuts (breast, drumsticks and wings) did not vary among dietary treatments. Although some minor differences were observed in blood albumin and cholesterol concentrations among groups, the cecum microbiota did not differ in broilers. Antibody titers following vaccinations against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Gumboro disease were higher in birds fed 4% OM. Adding supplemental enzymes to diet had minimal effect on the parameters. Findings from this study support the literature, which suggests that OM is a suitable feed by-product in broiler diets. Moreover, including OM in poultry rations has the potential to provide an economic and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional diets. Finally, the current trial identified that the addition of enzymes was not necessary to achieve optimal productive performance in broiler fed diet containing OM