Le pouvoir en moi : rôle du soi-actif dans les effets du pouvoir social sur les performances et le jugement moral

Numerous studies have highlighted the effects of holding power on our behaviour, motivations and judgements. While several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these effects, there is no consensus to date on how power exerts its influence and through which processes. To answer this question, Guinote and Chen (2018) recently proposed the Power and Self-Active model. They propose that power would activate specific Self-concepts, which would mediate the relationship between power and its consequences. The main objective of this thesis is to empirically test this hypothesis.During our research program, we have 1) studied the representations associated with power in general, in the context of goal pursuit and moral judgment. 2) then we tested the hypothesis of a greater accessibility of these concepts in power holding contexts, and 3) empirically tested the hypothesis of a mediating effect of the activation of these Self-concepts on performances and moral judgments. The alternative hypothesis of a mediating effect of the activation of approach tendencies was also tested. Using p-curve and meta-analyses, we also estimated the level of credibility and effect sizes of the two methods commonly used in research to experimentally induce power in individuals. Overall, our results made it possible to 1) validate the classical induction methods, 2) reproduce effects already observed in the literature on the relationship between power and goal pursuit, and 3) highlight an effect of power on the active self. However, the mediating effect of the accessibility of these concepts has not been demonstrated. The implications for Guinote and Chen's model of the active self are discussed.De nombreux travaux ont mis en évidence des effets liés à la détention de pouvoir sur nos comportements, nos motivations ou encore nos jugements. Si plusieurs hypothèses ont été formulées pour expliquer ces effets, il n’existe pas, à ce jour, de consensus sur la façon dont le pouvoir exerce son influence et par l’intermédiaire de quels processus. Récemment Guinote et Chen (2018) ont proposé le modèle du pouvoir et du Soi-Actif pour répondre à cette question. Elles proposent que le pouvoir activerait des concepts de Soi spécifiques, qui médiatiseraient la relation entre le pouvoir et ses conséquences. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal de tester empiriquement cette hypothèse. Au cours de notre programme de recherche, nous avons 1) étudié les représentations en mémoire associées au pouvoir en général, dans le contexte de la poursuite de but et du jugement moral. 2) puis testé l’hypothèse d’une plus grande accessibilité de ces concepts en mémoire dans des contextes de détention de pouvoir, et 3) testé empiriquement l’hypothèse d’un effet médiateur de l’activation de ces concepts de Soi en mémoire sur les performances et les jugements moraux. L’hypothèse alternative d’un effet médiateur de l’activation des tendances à l’approche a également été testée. A l’aide d’analyses de p-curves et de méta analyses, nous avons également estimé le niveau de crédibilité et les tailles d’effet des deux méthodes couramment utilisées dans la recherche pour induire expérimentalement du pouvoir chez les individus. Globalement, nos résultats ont permis de 1) de valider les méthodes classiques d’induction, 2) de reproduire des effets déjà observés dans la littérature sur la relation entre pouvoir et poursuite de buts, et 3) de mettre en évidence un effet du pouvoir sur le soi actif. Cependant, l’effet médiateur de l’accessibilité de ces concepts n’a été mis en évidence. Les implications pour le modèle du soi actif de Guinote et Chen sont discutées

The power in me : the role of the active self in the effects of Ssocial power on performance and moral judgment

De nombreux travaux ont mis en évidence des effets liés à la détention de pouvoir sur nos comportements, nos motivations ou encore nos jugements. Si plusieurs hypothèses ont été formulées pour expliquer ces effets, il n’existe pas, à ce jour, de consensus sur la façon dont le pouvoir exerce son influence et par l’intermédiaire de quels processus. Récemment Guinote et Chen (2018) ont proposé le modèle du pouvoir et du Soi-Actif pour répondre à cette question. Elles proposent que le pouvoir activerait des concepts de Soi spécifiques, qui médiatiseraient la relation entre le pouvoir et ses conséquences. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal de tester empiriquement cette hypothèse. Au cours de notre programme de recherche, nous avons 1) étudié les représentations en mémoire associées au pouvoir en général, dans le contexte de la poursuite de but et du jugement moral. 2) puis testé l’hypothèse d’une plus grande accessibilité de ces concepts en mémoire dans des contextes de détention de pouvoir, et 3) testé empiriquement l’hypothèse d’un effet médiateur de l’activation de ces concepts de Soi en mémoire sur les performances et les jugements moraux. L’hypothèse alternative d’un effet médiateur de l’activation des tendances à l’approche a également été testée. A l’aide d’analyses de p-curves et de méta analyses, nous avons également estimé le niveau de crédibilité et les tailles d’effet des deux méthodes couramment utilisées dans la recherche pour induire expérimentalement du pouvoir chez les individus. Globalement, nos résultats ont permis de 1) de valider les méthodes classiques d’induction, 2) de reproduire des effets déjà observés dans la littérature sur la relation entre pouvoir et poursuite de buts, et 3) de mettre en évidence un effet du pouvoir sur le soi actif. Cependant, l’effet médiateur de l’accessibilité de ces concepts n’a été mis en évidence. Les implications pour le modèle du soi actif de Guinote et Chen sont discutées.Numerous studies have highlighted the effects of holding power on our behaviour, motivations and judgements. While several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these effects, there is no consensus to date on how power exerts its influence and through which processes. To answer this question, Guinote and Chen (2018) recently proposed the Power and Self-Active model. They propose that power would activate specific Self-concepts, which would mediate the relationship between power and its consequences. The main objective of this thesis is to empirically test this hypothesis.During our research program, we have 1) studied the representations associated with power in general, in the context of goal pursuit and moral judgment. 2) then we tested the hypothesis of a greater accessibility of these concepts in power holding contexts, and 3) empirically tested the hypothesis of a mediating effect of the activation of these Self-concepts on performances and moral judgments. The alternative hypothesis of a mediating effect of the activation of approach tendencies was also tested. Using p-curve and meta-analyses, we also estimated the level of credibility and effect sizes of the two methods commonly used in research to experimentally induce power in individuals. Overall, our results made it possible to 1) validate the classical induction methods, 2) reproduce effects already observed in the literature on the relationship between power and goal pursuit, and 3) highlight an effect of power on the active self. However, the mediating effect of the accessibility of these concepts has not been demonstrated. The implications for Guinote and Chen's model of the active self are discussed

Halo It’s Meat! the Effect of the Vegetarian Label on Calorie Perception and Food Choices

International audienceIn the last few years, vegetarian products have become a widespread dietary option in food industry to the point that large retail chains such as McDonald’s has offered a vegetarian burger to their customers (e.g., the Grand Veggie). In the present research, two studies investigated the influence of a vegetarian label on calorie perception, frequency consumption and food choices. In the first study (N = 211) participants were randomly assigned to an experi-mental design 2 (burger type: Grand Veggie vs Big Mac). In the second study (N = 915), participants were either exposed to a similar burger labeled vegetarian or a meat-based. Both studies show that vegetarian products are perceived as being less caloric than their non-vegetarian equivalents. However, participants do not report more intention to eat more vegetarian products and do not lead to differences in menu composition

A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer\u27s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p =.16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p =.58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979)

A Multi-Site Collaborative Study of the Hostile Priming Effect

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer’s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p = .16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p = .58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979)